TWI743133B - 二有機基膦酸鹽、其製備製程及其用途 - Google Patents
二有機基膦酸鹽、其製備製程及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI743133B TWI743133B TW106118919A TW106118919A TWI743133B TW I743133 B TWI743133 B TW I743133B TW 106118919 A TW106118919 A TW 106118919A TW 106118919 A TW106118919 A TW 106118919A TW I743133 B TWI743133 B TW I743133B
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- phosphonic acid
- ethyl
- butyl
- patent application
- Prior art date
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- -1 2-pentyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 160
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 140
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GBHRVZIGDIUCJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogenphosphite Chemical class OP([O-])[O-] GBHRVZIGDIUCJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- UOKRBSXOBUKDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCP(O)(O)=O UOKRBSXOBUKDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- DEKKNVOOBDLURO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-2-ylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(C)P(O)(O)=O DEKKNVOOBDLURO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- YZEZMSPGIPTEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NC=2N=C(N)N=C(N)N=2)=N1 YZEZMSPGIPTEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XZTOTRSSGPPNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono dihydrogen phosphate;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XZTOTRSSGPPNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- YSRVJVDFHZYRPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N melem Chemical compound NC1=NC(N23)=NC(N)=NC2=NC(N)=NC3=N1 YSRVJVDFHZYRPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XPLOQMVUXWZLET-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexylphosphonate ethyl ester Chemical compound CCCCCC[P@@](O)(=O)OCC XPLOQMVUXWZLET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- RJRRZABNCURWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-butylphenyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1P(O)(O)=O RJRRZABNCURWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CYXGBTZYTXLVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octoxyphosphonoyloxyoctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(=O)OCCCCCCCC CYXGBTZYTXLVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PVBGKAMVCZUNFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propoxyphosphonoyloxypropane Chemical compound CCCOP(=O)OCCC PVBGKAMVCZUNFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FEPBITJSIHRMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 FEPBITJSIHRMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOFCTJAUBBFPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)OP(O)(=O)CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C Chemical compound C(C)OP(O)(=O)CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C ZOFCTJAUBBFPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CFMIMVBMXUQMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)OP(O)(=O)CCC1CCCC1 Chemical compound C(C)OP(O)(=O)CCC1CCCC1 CFMIMVBMXUQMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FZEJPOWRNQVXTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC)OP(O)(=O)CCCCCC Chemical compound C(CC)OP(O)(=O)CCCCCC FZEJPOWRNQVXTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XBJJRNHIBJYTDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)C(CP(O)(O)=O)C1CCCCC1 Chemical compound C(CCC)C(CP(O)(O)=O)C1CCCCC1 XBJJRNHIBJYTDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VREORDPUPKONHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCOP(O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VREORDPUPKONHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920007019 PC/ABS Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N allantoin Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1NC(=O)NC1=O POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- URLGPIIILWWJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxy(octyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(O)(=O)OCCCC URLGPIIILWWJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CHHAABPEARTNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-5-ylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(P(O)(O)=O)CCCC CHHAABPEARTNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GZUDEZNVOZREBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(2-phenylethyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCOP(O)(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 GZUDEZNVOZREBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KPNAKLHKZCAFHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(hexan-2-yl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(C)OP(O)(=O)C(C)CCCC KPNAKLHKZCAFHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004761 hexafluorosilicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VLNACYCQXLHHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-3-ylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCC(CC)P(O)(O)=O VLNACYCQXLHHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KRYRFQWDQJYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexoxy(octyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(O)(=O)OCCCCCC KRYRFQWDQJYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XXMFJKNOJSDQBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid;hydrate Chemical compound [OH3+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F XXMFJKNOJSDQBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BSYNFGPFPYSTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropanoic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(O)C(O)=O BSYNFGPFPYSTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LPDFPJPWDUVGFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)OP(O)(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(CCC)OP(O)(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 LPDFPJPWDUVGFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLFKHDFIRLAIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCOP(=O)OCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOP(=O)OCCCCCCCCC XLFKHDFIRLAIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;magnesium;dicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- MRTCVDLXUXPTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-3-ylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(CC)P(O)(O)=O MRTCVDLXUXPTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 3
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- IJZCILFSTPIFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy-(4-methylphenyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCOP(O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 IJZCILFSTPIFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GJWAEWLHSDGBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCP(O)(O)=O GJWAEWLHSDGBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DIZBQMTZXOUFTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(furan-2-yl)-3h-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical class N1C2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C2N=C1C1=CC=CO1 DIZBQMTZXOUFTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KAIVIEFIGBWGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[butan-2-yloxy(oxido)phosphaniumyl]oxybutane Chemical compound CCC(C)OP(=O)OC(C)CC KAIVIEFIGBWGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- JYIZNFVTKLARKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JYIZNFVTKLARKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930015698 phenylpropene Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001692 polycarbonate urethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical class OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(N)=O)C=C1 MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XHGIFBQQEGRTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) phosphate Chemical compound C=CCOP(=O)(OCC=C)OCC=C XHGIFBQQEGRTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/301—Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5313—Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR'
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
- C08L91/06—Waxes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D177/00—Coating compositions based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D191/00—Coating compositions based on oils, fats or waxes; Coating compositions based on derivatives thereof
- C09D191/06—Waxes
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Abstract
本發明關於含有0.0001重量%至99.9999重量%之鐵的二有機基膦酸鹽、其製備製程及其用途。
Description
本發明係關於二有機基膦酸鹽、其製備製程及其用途。
根據先前技術,二烷基膦酸鹽(dialkylphosphinic salt)亦稱為二烷基膦酸鹽(dialkylphosphinate)係呈Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na及/或K鹽形式用於阻燃劑混合物中。
二烷基膦酸鹽本身及膦酸之其他有機鹽亦統稱為二有機基膦酸鹽。
根據先前技術之阻燃劑混合物具有有限的熱安定性。彼等在局限溫度範圍內有效,在該溫度範圍內起始材料可自聚合物、阻燃劑、玻璃纖維及其他添加劑混練,以提供阻燃性聚合物模製化合物。此係稱為由溫度下限與溫度上限界定的處理窗。
溫度下限只出現在超過且高於聚合物的黏度低到足以令其在機械中可輸送且可混溶的特定溫度。
溫度上限間接表現為當阻燃性聚合物模製化合物及聚合物模製品在潮濕條件下貯存時的原材料分解及分解產物稍後風化。若聚合物分解,阻燃性聚合物模製品之機械強度值(彈性模數、撓性強度、斷裂伸長率)亦會降低。
因此,本發明目的係提供具有廣大處理窗之更具熱安定性的阻燃劑混合物。
該目的係藉由含有鐵之二有機基膦酸鹽達成。
已意外發現,本發明之二有機基膦酸鹽在阻燃性聚合物模製化合物的混練及在阻燃性聚合物模製品之射出成形中具有較廣處理窗,同時展現良好阻燃性。
因此,本發明係關於含有0.0001重量%至99.9999重量%之鐵的二有機基膦酸鹽。
該二有機基膦酸鹽較佳符合式(II)
其中 R1及R2係相同或不同,且為呈直鏈、支鏈或環狀形式之C1-C18烷基、C6-C18芳基、C7-C18芳基烷基及/或C7-C18烷基芳基,或一起形成至少一個環,y為0.00001至0.091,m為1至4,且n為2至3,M為Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na及/或K,且M’為Fe。
較佳的,式(I)中之R1、R2係相同或不同,且獨立地為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基(異戊基)、3-甲基丁-2-基、2-甲基丁-2-基、2,2-二甲基丙基(新戊基)、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、環戊基、環戊基乙基、環己基、環己基乙基、苯基、苯基乙基、甲基苯基及/或甲基苯基乙基。
該二有機基膦酸鹽較佳符合式(II)
其中a及b係相同或不同,或各自獨立地為1至9,且該CaH2a+1及CbH2b+1基團可為直鏈或支鏈,且 y為0.00001至0.091,m為1至4,且n為2至3,M為Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na及/或K,且M’為Fe。
較佳的,鐵係呈二烷基膦酸鐵(II)及/或二烷基膦酸鐵(III)之形式。
較佳的,M及M’係呈具有(CaH2a+1)(CbH2b+1)PO2陰離子之均質離子化合物形式。
較佳的,二有機基膦酸鹽進一步包含短鏈聚合物離子,其中該短鏈聚合物離子為實驗式(VI)者H-(CwH2w)k P(O)(O(-))(CxH2x)l-H (VI)其中,在式(VI)中,彼此獨立地,k為1至9,l為1至9,w為2至9,x為2至9。
較佳的,在式(VI)中,w及x各為2至4,且k及l各為1至4。
更佳的,在式(VI)中,w及x各為2或3,且k及l各為1至3。
較佳的,如申請專利範圍第1至9項中一或多項主張的二有機基膦酸鹽包含a)60至99.8999 P%之式(II)的二烷基膦酸鹽,以及 b)0.1至40 P%之式(VI)的短鏈聚合物離子,其中,a)和b)之總和為100 P%,其條件係該式(II)之二有機基膦酸鹽和該式(VI)之短鏈聚合物離子各為不同的化合物。
較佳的,二有機基膦酸鹽及呈其金屬鹽形式之短鏈聚合物離子形成均質離子化合物,意指短鏈聚合物離子係呈離子形式併入二有機基膦酸/短鏈聚合物鹽中。
較佳的,離子M、M’、(CaH2a+1)(CbH2b+1)PO2 -、H-(CwH2w)kPO2 -(CxH2x)l-H以及下列者之陰離子共同構成均質離子化合物:乙基丁基膦酸、二丁基膦酸、乙基己基膦酸、丁基己基膦酸、乙基辛基膦酸、第二丁基乙基膦酸、1-乙基丁基(丁基)膦酸、乙基(1-甲基戊基)膦酸、二-第二丁基膦酸(二(1-甲基丙基)膦酸)、丙基(己基)膦酸、二己基膦酸、己基(壬基)膦酸、丙基(壬基)膦酸、二壬基膦酸、二丙基膦酸、丁基(辛基)膦酸、己基(辛基)膦酸、二辛基膦酸、乙基(環戊基乙基)膦酸、丁基(環戊基乙基)膦酸、乙基(環己基乙基)膦酸、丁基(環己基乙基)膦酸、乙基(苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基(苯基乙基)膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基(4-甲基苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基環戊基膦酸、丁基環己基乙基膦酸、丁基苯基膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基)膦酸及/或丁基(4-甲基苯基)膦酸。
較佳的,短鏈聚合物離子係呈其金屬鹽形式,此等為下列之金屬鹽:乙基丁基膦酸、二丁基膦酸、乙基己基膦酸、丁基己基膦酸、乙基辛基膦酸、第二丁基 乙基膦酸、1-乙基丁基(丁基)膦酸、乙基(1-甲基戊基)膦酸、二-第二丁基膦酸(二-1-甲基丙基膦酸)、丙基(己基)膦酸、二己基膦酸、己基(壬基)膦酸、丙基(壬基)膦酸、二壬基膦酸、二丙基膦酸、丁基(辛基)膦酸、己基(辛基)膦酸、二辛基膦酸、乙基(環戊基乙基)膦酸、丁基(環戊基乙基)膦酸、乙基(環己基乙基)膦酸、丁基(環己基乙基)膦酸、乙基(苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基(苯基乙基)膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基(4-甲基苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基環戊基膦酸、丁基環己基乙基膦酸、丁基苯基膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基)膦酸及/或丁基(4-甲基苯基)膦酸,且該金屬鹽之金屬來自下列群組:Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na及/或K。
較佳的,本發明之二有機基膦酸鹽具有0.1至1000μm之粒度,80至800g/L之體密度,100g/L至1100g/L之夯實密度(tamped density)/振實密度(tapped density),5至45度之靜止角,1至40m2/g之BET表面積,85至99.9之L色彩值,-4至+9之a色彩值,以及-2至+6之b色彩值。
更佳的,本發明之二有機基膦酸鹽具有0.5至800μm之粒度, 80g/L至600g/L之體密度/振實密度,600g/L至800g/L之夯實密度,以及10至40度之靜止角。
本發明亦關於製造如申請專利範圍第1至14項中一或多項的二有機基膦酸鹽之製程,其包含a)在製程階段1中,將0.9至1.1烯烴分子/P添加至次磷酸之水溶性鹽或其酸本身上,b)在製程階段2中,將0.9至1.1額外烯烴分子/P添加至來自a)的中間物上,以產生二烷基膦酸或其鹽,c)在製程階段3中,將1至9另外烯烴分子添加至0%至20%之來自製程階段1的該二烷基膦酸鹽分子上,以形成短鏈聚合物,d)在製程階段4中,用金屬鹽及鐵鹽進行來自b)或c)之中間物的結晶作用。
本發明亦關於製造如申請專利範圍第1至14項中一或多項的二有機基膦酸鹽之另外製程,其包含a)在製程階段1中,將0.9至1.1烯烴分子/P添加至次磷酸之水溶性鹽或其酸本身上,b)在製程階段2中,將0.9至1.1額外烯烴分子/P添加至來自a)的中間物上,以產生二烷基膦酸或其鹽,c)在製程階段3中,將1至9另外烯烴分子添加至0%至20%之來自製程階段1的該二烷基膦酸鹽分子上,以形成短鏈聚合物,d)在製程階段4中,用金屬鹽及/或鐵鹽進行結晶作用, 以及e)在製程階段5中,用金屬鹽或鐵鹽進行來自d)之中間物的共沉澱作用。
較佳的,短鏈聚合物鹽與已併入離子鐵之二有機基膦酸鹽形成共沉澱物。
製造如申請專利範圍第1至14項中之一或多項的二有機基膦酸鹽之其他製程包含a)在製程階段1中,將0.9至1.1烯烴分子/P添加至次磷酸之水溶性鹽或其酸本身上,b)在製程階段2中,將0.9至1.1額外烯烴分子/P添加至來自a)的中間物上,以產生二烷基膦酸或其鹽,c)製程階段3中,用金屬鹽及/或鐵鹽進行結晶作用,以及d)然後,在製程階段4中,物理性混合該等短鏈聚合物。
較佳的,短鏈聚合物已與二有機基膦酸鹽物理性混合,但已併入離子鐵。
該離子鹽較佳為氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、碘酸鹽、過氯酸鹽、氧化物、氫氧化物、過氧化物、超氧化物、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、硫酸鹽水合物、亞硫酸鹽、過氧硫酸鹽、氮化物、磷化物、硝酸鹽、硝酸鹽水合物、亞硝酸鹽、磷酸鹽、過氧磷酸鹽、亞磷酸鹽、次磷酸鹽、焦磷酸鹽、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、碳酸氫氧化物、碳酸鹽水合物、矽酸鹽、六氟矽酸鹽、六氟矽酸鹽水合物、 錫酸鹽、硼酸鹽、多硼酸鹽、過氧硼酸鹽、硫氰酸鹽、氰酸鹽、氰化物、鉻酸鹽、鉻鐵礦、鉬酸鹽、過錳酸鹽、甲酸鹽、乙酸鹽、乙酸鹽水合物、三氟乙酸鹽水合物、丙酸鹽、丁酸鹽、戊酸鹽、辛酸鹽、油酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、草酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、鹼式檸檬酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽水合物、苯甲酸鹽、柳酸鹽、乳酸鹽、乳酸鹽水合物、丙烯酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、甘胺酸鹽、苯氧化物、對-酚磺酸鹽、對-酚磺酸鹽水合物、乙醯丙酮鹽水合物、單寧酸鹽、二甲胺二硫甲酸鹽、三氟甲磺酸鹽、烷基磺酸鹽及/或芳烷基磺酸鹽。
較佳係使用本發明之二有機基膦酸鹽作為進一步合成之中間物;作為黏合劑;作為環氧樹脂、聚胺甲酸酯及不飽和聚酯樹脂之固化中的交聯劑或催速劑;作為聚合物安定劑;作為農作物保護組成物;作為螯合劑;作為礦油添加劑;作為抗腐蝕劑;用於清洗及清潔組成物應用;以及用於電子裝置應用。
更特別的,本發明之二有機基膦酸鹽係使用作為阻燃劑、作為透明塗層及膨脹型塗層之阻燃劑、作為木材及其他纖維素產品之阻燃劑、作為聚合物之反應性及/或非反應性阻燃劑;用於製造阻燃性聚合物模製化合物;用於製造阻燃性聚合物模製品;及/或用於藉由浸漬使聚酯及純及混紡纖維素織物具有阻燃性。
上述用途之較佳情況為其中如申請專利範圍第1至14項中一或多項的二有機基膦酸鹽係與增效劑一起 使用,其中該等增效劑為磷酸三聚氰胺、磷酸二三聚氰胺、三磷酸五三聚氰胺、二磷酸三三聚氰胺、三磷酸肆三聚氰胺、五磷酸六三聚氰胺、二磷酸三聚氰胺、四磷酸三聚氰胺、焦磷酸三聚氰胺、多磷酸三聚氰胺、多磷酸蜜白胺(melam polyphosphate)、多磷酸蜜倫胺(melem polyphosphate)及/或多磷酸蜜勒胺(melon polyphosphate);或三聚氰胺縮合產物,諸如蜜白胺、蜜倫胺及/或蜜勒胺;或三聚異氰酸參(羥乙基)酯與芳族聚羧酸之寡聚酯、苯胍、三聚異氰酸參(羥乙基)酯、尿囊素、乙炔脲(glycoluril)、三聚氰胺、三聚氰酸三聚氰胺、三聚氰酸脲、二氰二胺及/或胍;或式(NH4)yH3-yPO4或(NH4PO3)z之含氮磷酸鹽,其中,y=1至3且z=1至10 000;或亞磷酸鋁、焦亞磷酸鋁、膦酸鋁、焦膦酸鋁;或矽酸鹽、沸石、矽石、陶瓷粉末、鋅化合物(例如硼酸鋅、碳酸鋅、錫酸鋅、羥基錫酸鋅、磷酸鋅、硫化鋅、氧化鋅、氫氧化鋅、氧化鋅水合物、鹼式矽酸鋅、鉬酸鋅)、氫氧化鎂、水滑石、碳酸鎂、碳酸鈣鎂;或乙基膦酸(ethylphosphonic acid)、丙基膦酸(propylphosphonic acid)、丁基膦酸(butylphosphonic acid)、正丁基膦酸(n-butylphosphonic acid)、第二丁基膦酸(sec-butylphosphonic acid)、己基膦酸(hexylphosphonic acid)及/或辛基膦酸(octylphosphonic acid)之鹽。
此種用途之較佳情況為其中使用其他添加劑,該等添加劑為抗氧化劑、UV安定劑、γ射線安定劑、 水解安定劑、抗靜電劑、乳化劑、成核劑、塑化劑、處理輔助劑、耐衝擊性改質劑、染料、顏料等等。
更特別的是,在上述用途中,使用0.0001重量%至99.7999重量%之如申請專利範圍第1至14項中之一或多項的二有機基膦酸鹽,0.1重量%至40重量%之增效劑,及0.1重量%至40重量%添加劑,其中該等組分的總和為100重量%。
本發明最後亦關於阻燃性熱塑性或熱固性聚合物模製化合物或聚合物模製品、膜、長絲及/或纖維,其包含0.5重量%至45重量%之如申請專利範圍第1至14項中之至少一項的二有機基膦酸鹽、0.5重量%至95重量%之熱塑性或熱固性聚合物或其混合物、0重量%至55重量%之添加劑以及0重量%至55重量%之填料或強化材料,其中,該等組分的總和為100重量%。
較佳的,用於上述用途之聚合物包含HI(高衝擊性)聚苯乙烯、聚苯醚、聚醯胺、聚酯或聚碳酸酯型之熱塑性聚合物、以及ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)或PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)或PPE/HIPS(聚苯醚/HI聚苯乙烯)聚合物型之摻合物或聚合物摻合物;及/或不飽和聚酯或環氧樹脂型之熱固性聚合物。
如本文最初已闡述,本發明之二有機基膦酸鹽最常呈二烷基膦酸鹽形式。
根據本發明,該鐵較佳可以離子形式併入二 烷基膦酸鹽或二烷基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽。由於二烷基膦酸鋁及二烷基膦酸鐵(III)在結晶學方面為等構造,鐵(III)離子係併入二烷基膦酸鋁晶格。此係以結晶單位晶胞之均勻改變的c軸顯示。在該情況下,無物理性混合物。
此在二乙基膦酸鋁及對應的二乙基膦酸鐵(III)尤其真切。
就二烷基膦酸鹽或二烷基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽抗攪動時分離的安定性而言,將鐵併入其他金屬(此處為鋁)的晶格是有利的。
上述陳述亦類似地適用於含有除烷基以外之基團或除烷基以外之基團與烷基的二有機基膦酸鹽。
用於離子併入之鐵鹽較佳為可溶解化合物。
用於離子併入之鐵鹽較佳為鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)鹽。
較佳的,用於離子併入及共沉澱之鐵鹽為具有下列陰離子之鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)鹽:第七主族之無機陰離子(鹵化物),例如氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物; 第七主族之含氧酸的陰離子(次鹵酸鹽、岩鹽、鹵酸鹽(例如碘酸鹽)、過鹵酸鹽(例如過氯酸鹽));第六主族之陰離子(硫族化合物),例如氧化物、氫氧化物、過氧化物、超氧化物;第六主族之含氧酸的陰離子(硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、硫酸鹽水合物、亞硫酸鹽、過氧硫酸鹽);第五主族之陰離子(氮磷族化合物(pnicogenide)),例如氮化物、磷化物;第五主族之含氧酸的陰離子(硝酸鹽、硝酸鹽水合物、亞硝酸鹽、磷酸鹽、過氧磷酸鹽、亞磷酸鹽、次磷酸鹽、焦磷酸鹽);第四主族之含氧酸的陰離子(碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、碳酸氫氧化物、碳酸鹽水合物、矽酸鹽、六氟矽酸鹽、六氟矽酸鹽水合物、錫酸鹽);第三主族之含氧酸的陰離子(硼酸鹽、多硼酸鹽、過氧硼酸鹽);擬鹵化物之陰離子(硫氰酸鹽、氰酸鹽、氰化物);過渡金屬之含氧酸的陰離子(鉻酸鹽、鉻鐵礦、鉬酸鹽、過錳酸鹽)。
較佳的,用於離子併入及共沉澱之鐵鹽為具有來自下列之群組的有機陰離子之鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)鹽:單羧酸、二羧酸、寡羧酸及多羧酸(甲酸之鹽(甲酸鹽)、乙酸之鹽(乙酸鹽、乙酸鹽水合物)、三氟乙酸之鹽(三氟乙酸鹽水合物)、丙酸鹽、丁酸鹽、戊酸鹽、辛酸鹽、油酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、草酸之鹽(草酸鹽)、酒石酸之鹽(酒石酸鹽)、檸檬酸之鹽(檸檬酸鹽、鹼式檸檬酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽水合物)、苯甲酸之鹽(苯甲酸鹽)、柳酸鹽、乳酸之鹽(乳酸鹽、乳酸鹽水合物)、丙烯酸之鹽、順丁烯二酸之鹽、丁二酸之鹽、胺基酸(甘胺酸)之鹽、酸式羥基官能之鹽(苯氧 化物等)、對-酚磺酸鹽、對-酚磺酸鹽水合物、乙醯丙酮鹽水合物、單寧酸鹽、二甲胺二硫甲酸鹽、三氟甲磺酸鹽、烷基磺酸鹽、芳烷基磺酸鹽。
用於離子併入之較佳鐵鹽為硼酸鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)、硫酸鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)、硫酸鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)水合物、硫酸氫氧鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)水合物、混合之硫酸氫氧鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)水合物、硫酸氧鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)、乙酸鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)、硝酸鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)、氟化鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)、氟化鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)水合物、氯化鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)、氯化鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)水合物、氧氯化鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)、溴化鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)、碘化鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)、碘化鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)水合物及/或鐵(II)及/或鐵(III)之羧酸衍生物。
用於物理性混合物之較佳鐵鹽為二烷基膦酸鐵(II)。
較佳之二烷基膦酸鐵(II)為雙(二乙基膦酸)鐵(II)、雙(二丙基膦酸)鐵(II)、雙(丁基乙基膦酸)鐵(II)、雙(正丁基乙基膦酸)鐵(II)、雙(第二丁基乙基膦酸)鐵(II)、雙(己基乙基膦酸)鐵(II)、雙(二丁基膦酸)鐵(II)、雙(己基丁基膦酸)鐵(II)及/或雙(辛基乙基膦酸)鐵(II)。
用於物理性混合物之較佳鐵鹽為二烷基膦酸鐵(III)。
較佳之二烷基膦酸鐵(III)為參(二乙基膦酸)鐵(III)、參(二丙基膦酸)鐵(III)、參(丁基乙基膦酸)鐵(III)、 參(正丁基乙基膦酸)鐵(III)、參(第二丁基乙基膦酸)鐵(III)、參(己基乙基膦酸)鐵(III)、參(二丁基膦酸)鐵(III)、參(己基丁基膦酸)鐵(III)及/或參(辛基乙基膦酸)鐵(III)。
短鏈聚合物係在將烯烴加成至次磷酸根離子時形成。將烯烴之不只兩個分子而是數個分子加成至二烷基膦酸根離子。因而,一或二者烷基係藉由一或多個另外的烯烴單元延伸。
較佳之短鏈聚合物為式(V)者H-(CwH2w)k P(O)(OMe)(CxH2x)l-H (V)其中,在式(V)中,彼此獨立地,k為1至9,l為1至9,w為2至9,且x為2至9,且Me為Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na及/或K。
較佳的,該短鏈聚合物係呈Al、Ti、Fe及/或Zn鹽形式。
在使用乙烯作為製備本發明之二烷基膦酸鹽的烯烴之情況下,優先形成的是乙基丁基膦酸、二丁基膦酸、乙基己基膦酸、丁基己基膦酸、乙基辛基膦酸鹽型等之短鏈聚合物及/或其鹽。
在丙烯之情況下,順序類似。
較佳之烯烴為乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、2-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯及1-辛烯。
立體化學亦容許形成支鏈烷基鏈,例如第二 丁基乙基膦酸鹽、1-乙基丁基(丁基)膦酸鹽、乙基(1-甲基戊基)膦酸鹽、二-第二丁基膦酸鹽(二(1-甲基丙基)膦酸鹽)等。
短鏈聚合物本身為磷化合物。其含量係以所有含磷成分之百分比(P%)記錄。其係利用31P NMR測定。
在申請專利範圍第7項中所界定之式(VI)的短鏈聚合物陰離子H-(CwH2w)k P(O)(O(-))(CxH2x)l-H (VI)可較佳地併入二烷基膦酸鹽之晶格中。在該情況下,因而存在二烷基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽。
就二烷基膦酸鹽及二烷基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽在攪動期間之分離的安定性而言,以小粒度為佳。
特佳係具有下列中位粒度d50:二烷基膦酸鹽:0.01至1000μm,二烷基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽:0.01至1000μm,二烷基膦酸/短鏈聚合物鹽共沉澱物:0.01至1000μm,物理性二烷基膦酸/短鏈聚合物鹽混合物:0.01至1000μm,特佳係具有下列中位粒度d50:二烷基膦酸鹽:0.1至90μm,二烷基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽:0.1至90μm,二烷基膦酸/短鏈聚合物鹽共沉澱物:0.1至90μm,物理性二烷基膦酸/短鏈聚合物鹽混合物:0.1至90μm, 該聚合物較佳係源自下列群組:熱塑性聚合物,諸如聚酯、聚苯乙烯或聚醯胺;及/或熱固性聚合物。
該聚合物較佳為單烯烴及二烯烴之聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚異丁烯、聚丁烯-1、聚-4-甲基戊烯-1、聚異戊二烯或聚丁二烯;以及環烯烴之加成聚合物,例如環戊烯或降莰烯;以及聚乙烯(其可隨意地經交聯),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度高莫耳質量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、高密度超高莫耳質量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、線型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、支鏈低密度聚乙烯(BLDPE)、及其混合物。
該聚合物較佳為單烯烴及二烯烴彼此或與其他乙烯基單體之共聚物,例如,乙烯-丙烯共聚物、線型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其與低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)之混合物、丙烯-丁烯-1共聚物、丙烯-異丁烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯-1共聚物、乙烯-己烯共聚物、乙烯-甲基戊烯共聚物、乙烯-庚烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、丙烯-丁二烯共聚物、異丁烯-異戊二烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸烷酯共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸烷酯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物及其與一氧化碳之共聚物、或乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物及其鹽(離子聚合物)、以及乙烯與丙烯以及二烯(諸如己二烯、二環戊二烯或亞乙基降莰烯)之三元共聚物;以及此等共聚物彼此的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-乙 酸乙烯酯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、LLDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、LLDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物以及交替或雜亂聚烯/一氧化碳共聚物及其與其他聚合物(例如聚醯胺)的混合物。
該聚合物較佳為烴樹脂(例如C5-C9),包括其氫化改質物(例如膠黏劑樹脂)及聚烯及澱粉之混合物。
該聚合物較佳為聚苯乙烯(Polystyrol 143E(BASF)、聚(對甲基苯乙烯)、聚-(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
該聚合物較佳為苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯與二烯或丙烯酸系衍生物之共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸烷酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酸烷酯及苯乙烯-丁二烯-甲基丙烯酸烷酯、苯乙烯-順丁烯二酸酐、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丙烯酸甲酯;苯乙烯共聚物和其他聚合物之高耐衝擊性混合物,例如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物;以及苯乙烯之嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-異戊二烯苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯或苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯。
該聚合物較佳為苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯之接枝共聚物,例如聚丁二烯上之苯乙烯、聚丁二烯-苯乙烯上之苯乙烯或聚丁二烯上之聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯及丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈);聚丁二烯上之苯乙烯、丙烯腈及甲基丙烯酸甲酯;聚丁二烯上之苯乙烯及順丁烯二酸酐;聚丁二烯上之苯乙烯、丙烯腈及順丁烯二酸酐或順 丁烯二醯亞胺;聚丁二烯上之苯乙烯及順丁烯二醯亞胺、聚丁二烯上之苯乙烯及丙烯酸烷酯/甲基丙烯酸烷酯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物上之苯乙烯及丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸烷酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷酯上之苯乙烯及丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯-丁二烯共聚物上之苯乙烯及丙烯腈、及其混合物,諸如已知為例如ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物。
該聚合物較佳為鹵化聚合物,例如聚氯平、氯橡膠及異丁烯-異戊二烯之氯化及溴化共聚物(鹵代丁基橡膠)、氯化或氯磺化聚乙烯、乙烯及氯化乙烯之共聚物、表氯醇同元聚合物及共聚物,尤其是鹵化乙烯基化合物之聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯;及其共聚物,諸如氯乙烯-偏二氯乙烯、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯或偏二氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯。
該聚合物較佳為衍生自α,β-不飽和酸之聚合物及其衍生物,諸如聚丙烯酸酯及聚甲基丙烯酸酯、經丙烯酸丁酯衝擊性改質之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯醯胺及聚丙烯腈,以及上述單體彼此或與其他不飽和單體之共聚物,諸如例如丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物、丙烯腈-丙烯酸烷酯共聚物、丙烯腈-丙烯酸烷氧基烷酯共聚物、丙烯腈-鹵乙烯共聚物或丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸烷酯-丁二烯三元共聚物。
該聚合物較佳為衍生自不飽和醇及胺或衍生自醯基衍生物或其縮醛之聚合物,諸如聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯酯或聚順丁烯二酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯丁醛、聚酞酸烯丙酯、聚烯丙基三聚氰 胺;及其與烯烴之共聚物。
該聚合物較佳為環醚之同元聚合物及共聚物,諸如聚烷二醇、聚環氧乙烷、聚環氧丙烷、或其與雙環氧丙基醚之共聚物。
該聚合物較佳為聚縮醛,諸如聚甲醛、以及包含例如環氧乙烷之共聚單體的聚甲醛;經熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改質的聚縮醛。
該聚合物較佳為聚苯醚及聚苯硫醚及其與苯乙烯聚合物或聚醯胺之混合物。
該聚合物較佳為衍生自聚醚、聚酯、及具有兩個末端羥基之聚丁二烯的聚胺甲酸酯以及脂族或芳族聚異氰酸酯、及其前驅物。
該聚合物較佳為聚醯胺及共聚醯胺,其可衍生自二胺及二羧酸,及/或衍生自胺基羧酸或對應之內醯胺,諸如耐綸2/12、耐綸4(聚-4-胺基丁酸,Nylon® 4,得自DuPont)、耐綸4/6(聚(四亞甲己二醯胺)),Nylon® 4/6,得自DuPont)、耐綸6(聚己內醯胺、聚-6-胺基己酸,Nylon® 6(得自DuPont)、Akulon® K122(得自DSM);Zytel® 7301(得自DuPont);Durethan® B 29(得自Bayer))、耐綸6/6((聚(N,N’-六亞甲基己二醯胺),Nylon® 6/6(得自DuPont)、Zytel® 101(得自DuPont);Durethan® A30、Durethan® AKV、Durethan® AM(得自Bayer);Ultramid® A3(得自BASF))、耐綸6/9(聚(六亞甲基壬醯胺),Nylon® 6/9,得自DuPont)、耐綸6/10(聚(六亞甲基癸二醯胺), Nylon® 6/10,得自DuPont)、耐綸6/12(聚(六亞甲基十二烷二醯胺),Nylon® 6/12,得自DuPont)、耐綸6/66(聚(六亞甲基己二醯胺-共-己內醯胺),Nylon® 6/66,得自DuPont)、耐綸7(聚-7-胺基庚酸,Nylon® 7,得自DuPont)、耐綸7,7(聚七亞甲基庚二醯胺,Nylon® 7,7,得自DuPont)、耐綸8(聚-8-胺基辛酸,Nylon® 8,得自DuPont)、耐綸8,8(聚八亞甲基栓醯胺,Nylon® 8,8,得自DuPont)、耐綸9(聚-9-胺基壬酸,Nylon® 9,得自DuPont)、耐綸9,9(聚九亞甲基壬二醯胺,Nylon® 9,9,得自DuPont)、耐綸10(聚-10-胺基癸酸,Nylon® 10,得自DuPont)、耐綸10,9(聚(十亞甲基壬二醯胺),Nylon® 10,9,得自DuPont)、耐綸10,10(聚十亞甲基癸二醯胺,Nylon® 10,10,得自DuPont)、耐綸11(聚-11-胺基十一酸,Nylon® 11,得自DuPont)、耐綸12(聚月桂基內醯胺,Nylon® 12(得自DuPont)、Grillamid® L20(得自Ems Chemie))、衍生自間二甲苯、二胺及己二酸之芳族聚醯胺;從六亞甲基二胺及異酞酸及/或對酞酸製備之聚醯胺(聚六亞甲基異酞醯胺、聚六亞甲基對酞醯胺)、及隨意的彈性體作為改質劑,例如聚-2,4,4-三甲基六亞甲基對酞醯胺或聚間伸苯基異酞醯胺。上述聚醯胺與聚烯烴、烯烴共聚物、離子聚合物、或化學鍵結或接枝之彈性體之嵌段共聚物;或與聚醚之嵌段共聚物,例如與聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、或聚伸丁二醇之嵌段共聚物。此外,經EPDM改質或經ABS改質之聚醯胺或共聚醯胺;以及在處理期間縮合之 聚醯胺(「RIM聚醯胺系統」)。
亦可能使用芳族聚醯胺,諸如PA4T、PA6T、PA9T、PA10T、PA11T及/或MXD6;非晶形聚醯胺,諸如6I/X及/或TPE-A「剛性」及「軟性」。
該聚合物較佳為聚脲、聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺、聚醚醯亞胺、聚酯醯亞胺、聚乙內醯脲、及聚苯并咪唑。
該聚合物較佳為從二羧酸及二醇衍生及/或從羥基羧酸或對應之內酯衍生的聚酯,諸如聚對酞酸伸乙酯、聚對酞酸伸丁酯(Celanex® 2500、Celanex® 2002,得自Celanese;Ultradur®,得自BASF)、聚-1,4-二羥甲基環己烷對酞酸酯、聚苯甲酸羥酯、以及衍生自具有末端羥基之聚醚的嵌段聚醚酯;以及經聚碳酸酯或MBS改質之聚酯。
該聚合物較佳為聚碳酸酯、聚酯碳酸酯、聚碸、聚醚碸、及聚醚酮。
該熱固性聚合物較佳為甲醛聚合物、環氧化物聚合物、三聚氰胺-酚樹脂聚合物及/或聚胺甲酸酯。
該熱固性聚合物較佳為環氧樹脂。
該熱固性聚合物較佳為環氧樹脂,其已經可溶酚醛樹脂、酚、酚衍生物及/或二氰二胺、醇及胺固化。
該環氧樹脂較佳為聚環氧化物化合物(polyepoxide compound)。
該環氧樹脂較佳係源自酚醛清漆及雙酚A樹脂之群組。
該熱固性聚合物較佳包含不飽和聚酯樹脂、經二環戊二烯改質之不飽和聚酯、聚苯醚或丁二烯聚合物;具有聚丁二烯或聚異戊二烯嵌段及苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯之嵌段的嵌段共聚物;具有第一聚丁二烯嵌段及第二聚乙烯嵌段或乙烯-丙烯嵌段之嵌段共聚物、具有第一聚異戊二烯嵌段及第二聚乙烯或乙烯-丙烯嵌段之嵌段共聚物。
該熱固性聚合物較佳為基於下列者:環氧化植物油(環氧化大豆油/亞麻籽油)、丙烯酸衍生物(丙烯酸、巴豆酸、異巴豆酸、甲基丙烯酸、桂皮酸、順丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、甲基甲基丙烯酸)及丙烯酸羥烷酯及/或烷基丙烯酸羥烷酯(甲基丙烯酸羥乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羥丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羥丁酯、聚甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯)。
該熱固性聚合物較佳係用於電開關組件、汽車構造中之組件、電機工程、電子設備、印刷電路板、預浸體、用於電子組件之封裝化合物、用於船及轉子葉片構造、用於戶外GFRP應用、家庭及衛生應用、工程材料及其他產品。
較佳的,該熱固性聚合物包含不飽和聚酯樹脂(UP樹脂),其係衍生自飽和及不飽和多元起始材料(尤其是二羧酸或其酐)與多元醇之共聚酯,且以乙烯基化合物作為交聯劑。
UP樹脂係採用引發劑(例如過氧化物)及催速劑藉由自由基聚合而固化。
不飽和聚酯可含有酯基作為聚合物鏈中之連接單元。
用於製備聚酯之較佳不飽和二羧酸及衍生物為順丁烯二酸、順丁烯二酸酐及反丁烯二酸、伊康酸、檸康酸、甲基反丁烯二酸。此等可與以不飽和酸組分計至多達200莫耳%之至少一種脂族飽和或環脂族二羧酸摻合。
較佳之飽和二羧酸為酞酸、異酞酸、對酞酸、二氫酞酸、四氫酞酸、六氫酞酸、橋聯亞甲基四氫酞酸、己二酸、丁二酸、癸二酸、戊二酸、甲基戊二酸、庚二酸。
較佳之多元醇,尤其是二元醇,隨意的不飽和醇為慣用的具有非環或環狀基之烷二醇及氧雜烷二醇。
與不飽和聚酯可共聚之較佳不飽和單體較佳係帶有乙烯基、亞乙烯基或烯丙基,例如,較佳為苯乙烯,但亦可為例如,經環烷基化或經環烯基化之苯乙烯,其中該烷基可含有1至4個碳原子,例如乙烯基甲苯、二乙烯基苯、α-甲基苯乙烯、第三丁基苯乙烯;具有2至6個碳原子之羧酸的乙烯基酯,較佳為乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、苯甲酸乙烯酯;乙烯基吡啶、乙烯基萘、乙烯基環己烷、丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸及/或其在醇組分中具有1至4個碳原子之酯(較佳為乙烯基、烯丙基及甲基烯丙基酯)、其醯胺及腈、順丁烯二酸酐、在醇組分中具有1至4個碳原子 之順丁烯二酸單酯及二酯、順丁烯二酸單醯胺及順丁烯二酸二醯胺或環醯亞胺,諸如丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯腈、N-甲基順丁烯二醯亞胺或N-環己基順丁烯二醯亞胺;烯丙基化合物,諸如烯丙基苯及烯丙基酯,諸如乙酸烯丙酯、酞酸二烯丙酯、異酞酸二烯丙酯、反丁烯二酸二烯丙酯、碳酸烯丙酯類、酞酸二烯丙酯類、碳酸二烯丙酯類、磷酸三烯丙酯及三聚氰酸三烯丙酯。
用於交聯之較佳乙烯基化合物為苯乙烯。
較佳之不飽和聚酯在側鏈亦可帶有酯基,例如聚丙烯酸酯及聚甲基丙烯酸酯。
較佳硬化劑系統為環氧化物及催速劑。
較佳催速劑為金屬共引發劑(coinitiator)及芳族胺及/或UV光敏劑,例如安息香醚及偶氮觸媒,諸如偶氮異丁腈、硫醇,諸如月桂基硫醇、雙(2-乙基己基)硫醚及雙(2-巰乙基)硫醚。
在一用於製備阻燃性共聚物之製程中,將至少一種衍生自至少一種C4-C8二羧酸之乙烯系不飽和二羧酸酐、至少一種乙烯基芳族化合物和至少一種多元醇共聚,然後與本發明之阻燃劑混合物反應。
較佳之可使用者為經二環戊二烯改質之不飽和聚酯,其係藉由二環戊二烯、順丁烯二酸酐、水、飽和醇及隨意的多元酸反應而獲得。該聚酯係用可自由基聚合之單體(諸如苯乙烯)交聯以產生樹脂。
該聚合物較佳為衍生自醛類及衍生自酚類、 脲或三聚氰胺之經交聯聚合物,諸如酚-甲醛、脲-甲醛、及三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂。
該聚合物較佳包含可交聯丙烯酸系樹脂,其係衍生自經取代之丙烯酸酯,例如衍生自環氧基丙烯酸酯、胺甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯。
該聚合物較佳為與三聚氰胺樹脂、脲樹脂、異氰酸酯、三聚異氰酸酯、聚異氰酸酯或環氧樹脂交聯之醇酸樹脂、聚酯樹脂及丙烯酸酯樹脂。
該聚合物較佳為衍生自脂族、環脂族、雜環或芳族環氧丙基化合物之經交聯環氧樹脂,例如雙酚A二環氧丙基醚、雙酚F二環氧丙基醚之產物,其係利用慣用硬化劑(諸如例如酐或胺)在有或無催速劑之下交聯。
較佳之丁二烯聚合物為含有70重量%至95重量%之一或多種具有8至18個碳原子的單乙烯基經取代之芳族烴化合物及30重量%至5重量%之一或多種具有4至12個碳原子的共軛二烯以及隨意的交聯劑。
較佳的,本發明之阻燃劑混合物亦用於由聚丁二烯樹脂或聚異戊二烯樹脂或其與可參與交聯之含不飽和丁二烯或含異戊二烯的聚合物之混合物所組成的樹脂系統。
較佳的,該聚合物係衍生自脂族、環脂族、 雜環或芳族環氧丙基化合物之經交聯環氧樹脂,例如衍生自雙酚A二環氧丙基醚、雙酚F二環氧丙基醚,其係藉由慣用硬化劑及/或催速劑交聯。
適用之環氧丙基化合物為雙酚A二環氧丙基酯;雙酚F二環氧丙基酯;酚甲醛樹脂及甲酚-甲醛樹脂之聚環氧丙基酯;酞酸、異酞酸及對酞酸之聚環氧丙基酯;以及苯偏三酸之聚環氧丙基酯;芳族胺及雜環氮鹼之N-環氧丙基化合物;以及多元醇脂族醇之二環氧丙基及聚環氧丙基化合物。
適用之硬化劑為脂族、環脂族、芳族及雜環胺或多胺,諸如乙二胺、二伸乙三胺、三伸乙四胺、丙-1,3-二胺、六亞甲基二胺、胺基乙基哌、異佛酮二胺、多醯胺基胺、二胺基二苯甲烷、二胺基二苯醚、二胺基二苯碸、苯胺-甲醛樹脂、2,2,4-三甲基己-1,6-二胺、間二甲苯二胺、雙(4-胺基環己基)甲烷、2,2-雙(4-胺基環己基)丙烷、3-胺基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基環己胺(異佛酮二胺)、聚醯胺基胺、氰胍及二氰二胺,還有多元酸或其酐,例如酞酸酐、順丁烯二酸酐、四氫酞酸酐、甲基四氫酞酸酐、六氫酞酸酐及甲基六氫酞酸酐、以及酚,例如酚-酚醛清漆樹脂、甲酚-酚醛清漆樹脂、二環戊二烯-酚加成樹脂、酚芳烷基樹脂、甲酚芳烷基樹脂、萘酚芳烷基樹脂、經雙酚改質之酚芳烷基樹脂、酚-三羥甲基甲烷樹脂、四羥苯基乙烷(tetraphenylolethane)樹脂、萘酚-酚醛清漆樹脂、萘酚-酚共縮合樹脂(cocondensate resin)、萘酚-甲酚共縮合樹 脂、經雙酚改質之酚樹脂及經胺基三改質之酚樹脂。所有硬化劑均可單獨使用或與彼此併用。
用於聚合作用中之交聯的適用觸媒或催速劑為三級胺、苯甲基二甲胺、N-烷基吡啶、咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-十七基咪唑、有機酸之金屬鹽、路易斯酸及胺錯鹽。
在一方面,該聚合物較佳為衍生自醛之經交聯聚合物,及另一方面,為衍生自酚或脲或三聚氰胺者,諸如酚-甲醛、脲-甲醛及三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂。該聚合物較佳包含可交聯丙烯酸系樹脂,其係衍生自經取代之丙烯酸酯,例如衍生自環氧基丙烯酸酯、胺甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯。
較佳之聚酯多元醇係藉由多元醇(諸如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、甲基戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、甘油、新戊四醇、二甘油、葡萄糖及/或山梨醇)與二元酸(諸如草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、酒石酸、己二酸、癸二酸、順丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、酞酸及/或對酞酸)之聚縮作用獲得。該聚酯多元醇可單獨使用或組合使用。
適用之聚異氰酸酯為具有不少於兩個異氰酸酯基之芳族、脂環及/或脂族聚異氰酸酯及其混合物。較佳者為芳族聚異氰酸酯,諸如甲苯二異氰酸酯、亞甲基二苯基二異氰酸酯、萘二異氰酸酯、伸茬基二異氰酸酯、參 (4-異氰酸基苯基)甲烷及聚亞甲基聚伸苯基二異氰酸酯;脂環聚異氰酸酯,諸如亞甲基二苯基二異氰酸酯、甲苯二異氰酸酯;脂族聚異氰酸酯及六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、異佛酮二異氰酸酯、二聚二異氰酸酯(dimeryl diisocyanate)、1,1-亞甲基雙(4-異氰酸基環己烷-4,4’-二異氰酸基二環己基甲烷異構物混合物、二異氰酸1,4-環己酯、Desmodur®產品(Bayer)及離胺酸二異氰酸酯及其混合物。
適用之聚異氰酸酯為經改質產物,其係藉由聚異氰酸酯與多元醇、脲、碳二醯亞胺及/或縮二脲反應而獲得。
該聚合物較佳為不飽和聚酯樹脂,其係衍生自飽和及不飽和二羧酸與多元醇並以乙烯基化合物作為交聯劑之共聚酯,以及其經鹵化阻燃性改質物。
該聚合物較佳為可交聯丙烯酸系樹脂,其係衍生自經取代之丙烯酸酯,例如衍生自環氧基丙烯酸酯、胺甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯。
該聚合物較佳為上述聚合物之混合物(聚摻合物),例如,PP/EPDM(聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡膠)、聚醯胺/EPDM或ABS(聚醯胺/乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡膠或丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PVC/EVA(聚氯乙烯/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯)、PVC/ABS(聚氯乙烯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PVC/MBS(聚氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PBTP/ABS(聚對酞酸伸丁酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PC/ASA(聚碳酸 酯/丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈)、PC/PBT(聚碳酸酯/聚對酞酸伸丁酯)、PVC/CPE(聚氯乙烯/氯化聚乙烯)、PVC/丙烯酸酯(聚氯乙烯/丙烯酸酯)、POM/熱塑性PUR(聚甲醛/熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯)、PC/熱塑性PUR(聚碳酸酯/熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯)、POM/丙烯酸酯(聚甲醛/丙烯酸酯)、POM/MBS(聚甲醛/甲基丙烯酸酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PPO/HIPS(聚苯醚/高衝擊性聚苯乙烯)、PPO/PA 6,6(聚苯醚/耐綸6,6)及共聚物、PA/HDPE(聚醯胺/高密度聚乙烯)、PA/PP(聚醯胺/聚乙烯)、PA/PPO(聚醯胺/聚苯醚)、PBT/PC/ABS(聚對酞酸伸丁酯/聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)及/或PBT/PET/PC(聚對酞酸伸丁酯/聚對酞酸伸乙酯/聚碳酸酯)。
所製造之模製品較佳為具有規則或不規則底部之矩形、立方體形、長方體形、墊形或稜柱形。
本發明之阻燃劑混合物亦可用於彈性體,例如腈橡膠、具有羧基及羧基封端之丁二烯-丙烯腈的腈橡膠、氯丁二烯橡膠、丁二烯橡膠、丙烯腈-丁二烯橡膠、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠、具有丙烯酸系樹脂及熱塑性聚醯亞胺之丁二烯橡膠、經胺甲酸酯改質之共聚酯聚合物及其他彈性體。
本發明之阻燃劑混合物中的較佳其他添加劑係來自碳二醯亞胺及/或(聚)異氰酸酯之群組。
較佳之其他添加劑來自下列之群組:空間受阻酚酚(例如Hostanox® OSP 1)、空間受阻胺及光安定劑 (例如Chimasorb® 944,Hostavin®產品)、亞膦酸鹽及抗氧化劑(例如Sandostab® P-EPQ,來自Clariant)及分離劑(Licomont®產品,來自Clariant)。
本發明之阻燃劑混合物中的較佳填料為矽之氧化合物、鎂化合物(例如周期表之第二主族的金屬之碳酸金屬鹽、氧化鎂、氫氧化鎂、水滑石、二水滑石、碳酸鎂或碳酸鈣鎂)、鈣化合物(例如氫氧化鈣、氧化鈣、水鋁鈣石)、鋁化合物(例如氧化鋁、氫氧化鋁、軟水鋁石、三水鋁石或磷酸鋁)、紅磷、鋅化合物及/或鋁化合物。
較佳之其他填料為玻璃珠。
較佳使用玻璃纖維作為強化材料。
根據本發明可使用之混練單元為具有三區螺桿或及/或短壓縮螺桿之多區螺桿擠出機。
根據本發明可使用之混練單元亦為共捏合機,例如來自瑞士Pratteln之Coperion Buss Compounding Systems,例如MDK/E46-11D;及/或實驗室捏合機(MDK 46,來自瑞士Buss,其中L=11D)。
根據本發明可使用之混練單元為雙螺桿擠出機,例如來自Stuttgart之Coperion Werner & Pfleiderer GmbH & Co.KG(ZSK 25、ZSK 30、ZSK 40、ZSK 58、ZSK MEGAcompounder 40、50、58、70、92、119、177、250、320、350、380)及/或來自Hanover之Berstorff GmbH、Nuremberg之Leistritz Extrusionstechnik GmbH。
根據本發明可使用之混練單元為環形擠出 機,例如來自Laufen之3+Extruder GmbH,其具有繞靜止核心轉動之3至12個小螺桿的環;及/或行星齒輪擠出機,例如來自Bochum之Entex;及/或排氣式擠出機及/或串級擠出機及/或Maillefer螺桿。
根據本發明可使用之混練單元為具有反向旋轉雙螺桿之混練機,例如來自Krauss-Maffei Berstorff之Compex 37及70型。
在單軸擠出機或單螺桿擠出機之情況下之發明有效螺桿長(L)為20至40D,在雙軸擠出機之情況為8至48D,及在多區螺桿擠出機之情況係例如為25D,其中入口區(L=10D)、過渡區(L=6D)以及擠出區(L=9D)。
本發明另外關於如申請專利範圍第1至19項中之一或多項的本發明阻燃劑混合物用於下列之用途:插頭連接器、在配電器中之帶有電流組件(剩餘電流保護)、電路板、封裝化合物、插頭連接器、斷路器、燈罩、LED燈罩、電容器罩、線圈元件及通風器、接地觸頭、插頭、用於印刷電路板中/上、插頭之罩、電纜、撓性印刷電路板、行動電話之充電電纜、馬達蓋、紡織品塗層及其他產品。
此包括呈用於電器/電子部門之組件形式的模製品,特別是用於印刷電路板之部件、殼、膜、纜線、開關、配電板、繼電器、電阻器、電容器(capacitor)、線圈、燈、二極體、LED、電晶體、連接器、調節器、記憶體元件及感測器;呈大面積組件形式,特別是用於開關設 備櫥櫃之殼部件;及呈具有所需幾何形狀之複雜構造的組件形式。
較佳的,在此等模製品之情況下,該壁厚度小於0.5mm,但亦可大於1.5mm(至高達10mm)。特別適用之厚度為小於1.5mm,更佳係小於1mm以及尤佳係小於0.5mm。
本發明之阻燃劑混合物較佳係與具有100至220μm之算術平均長度的玻璃纖維併用以製造阻燃性聚醯胺模製化合物及/或模製品,其中該聚醯胺模製化合物或模製品之製造製程係經調整以使所得之聚醯胺模製化合物或模製品中的玻璃纖維具有在100至220μm之範圍的算術平均長度,及其中該聚醯胺模製化合物或模製品較佳具有IEC 60695-11-10(UL94)分級為V-0。
阻燃性聚合物模製化合物及聚合物模製品之製造、加工及試驗
二烷基膦酸鹽(包括二烷基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽)係經由雙螺桿擠出機(Leistritz ZSE 27/44D)之側入口,在溫度為230至260℃(玻璃纖維強化之PBT)、在260至310℃(PA 6,6)及在250至275℃(PA 6)之下與聚合物丸粒及任何添加劑混合且併入該聚合物。該玻璃纖維係經由第二側入口添加。將經均質化之聚合物條排出、在水浴中冷卻,然後粒化以產生阻燃性聚合物模製化合物。
在充分乾燥之後,該模製組成物係在射出成 形機(型號:Arburg 320 C Allrounder)上在240至300℃之熔融溫度加工以產生阻燃性聚合物模製品。其可用作試樣並藉由UL 94試驗(Underwriter Laboratories)進行阻燃性試驗及分級。
PA-GF30化合物在等溫DSC試驗中之處理窗的測定
根據上述方法,製造阻燃性聚合物模製化合物及阻燃性聚合物模製品。該組成係49.7重量%之聚醯胺(Ultramid® A 27 E 01,得自BASF SE)、30重量%之玻璃纖維(PPG HP 3610 EC10玻璃纖維,得自PPG)、12.6重量%之對應於實施例的本發明二烷基膦酸鹽(包括二烷基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽)、6.6重量%之多磷酸三聚氰胺(Melapur® 200/70,得自BASF)、0.8重量%之硼酸鋅(Firebrake® 500,得自Rio Tinto Minerals)、0.3重量%之蠟(Licowax® E Gran,得自Clariant)。
由於處理窗之下限未受影響,用於測定處理窗的量度為阻燃性聚合物模製化合物在上限之分解。此係使用在界定溫度之重量損失進行。
使用在空氣下之DSC(微差熱分析)在60分鐘延遲時間之後測定於330℃的重量損失之重量%。
本發明之阻燃劑混合物的自由流動係根據Pfrengle(DIN ISO 4324界面活性劑;粉末及顆粒;靜止角之測量,Dec.1983,Beuth Verlag Berlin)而測定。
上述自由流動係藉由測定粉末或顆粒材料之 圓錐高度或圓錐半徑對圓錐高度之比來測定。該圓錐係藉由經由特定漏斗將特定量之待檢測物質倒入界定的設備中所產生。所界定之圓錐半徑係藉由傾倒該圓錐直到產品流動超出自底部升起之圓形板而產生。該板之半徑是固定的。該漏斗之內徑為10mm。該板之半徑為50mm。進行5次測定並與予平均。高度係使用量尺從該板起高達圓錐的頂點測量並以毫米計。圓錐半徑(50mm)對圓錐高度之比係從平均值計算。
使用先前技術之阻燃劑混合物,測得圓錐靜止高度為29.9至49.9mm,對應於跨距為20mm,而半徑對高度之比(=cot alpha)為1.67至1.00,對應於跨距為0.67。
靜止角係介於圓錐底部所形成之直線與圓錐丘所形成之直線之間的角度,即,由圓錐尖端與圓錐半徑測定。
使用各混合物之試樣以測定在厚度為1.5mm之試樣上的UL 94燃燒等級(Underwriter Laboratories)。
UL 94燃燒分級如下:
V-0續燃時間決不長於10秒,10次施加燃燒的總續燃時間不多於50秒、無燃燒滴落物(flaming drop)、無試樣完全消耗、在施加燃燒結束後的試樣餘燼時間決不長於30秒
V-1在施加燃燒結束後的續燃時間決不長於30秒,10次施加燃燒的總續燃時間不多於250秒、在施加燃燒結束後的試樣餘燼時間決不長於60秒,其他標準同V-0
V-2棉指示物因燃燒滴落物而引燃,其他標準同V-1無法分級(ncl):不符合燃燒分級V-2。
實施例1
根據DE-A-10359815,製備磷含量為7.71重量%之二乙基膦酸鈉溶液。在80℃將2652g之該溶液計量加入去離子水中,同時將1364g其中已添加70mg之22重量%的硫酸鐵(III)之硫酸鋁溶液計量加入。該晶體懸浮液係經由吸濾器熱過濾,並用15倍數量的熱水清洗之。該濕潤的經過濾產物係在乾燥櫥中於120℃在氮氣氛下乾燥約18小時,並含有0.2重量%之殘留水分(RM)及18ppm之鐵。
該鐵係併入該二乙基膦酸鹽之晶格。
熱安定性及處理窗(二者均見下表)優於純二乙基膦酸鋁(對照實例7)。熱安定性係使用本發明之二烷基膦酸鹽測定,而處理窗係使用阻燃性聚合模製化合物測定。
實施例2
根據DE-A-10359815,製備包含乙基膦酸第二丁酯(乙基膦酸1-甲基丙酯)且磷含量為7.71重量%之二乙基膦酸鈉溶液。根據實施例1,係使用0.2g之22重量%的硫酸鐵(III)溶液處理以產生含有0.1重量%之RM、0.9 P%之乙基膦酸第二丁酯及52ppm之鐵的產物。
該鐵係併入該二乙基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽之晶格。
熱安定性及處理窗(二者均見下表)優於純二乙基膦酸鋁(對照實例7)。熱安定性係使用本發明之二乙基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽測定,而處理窗係使用阻燃性聚合模製化合物測定。
實施例3
根據DE-A-10359815,製備包含乙基膦酸正丁酯且磷含量為7.71重量%之二乙基膦酸鈉溶液。根據實施例1,係使用0.2g之22重量%的硫酸鐵(III)溶液處理以產生含有0.1重量%之RM、1.8 P%之乙基膦酸正丁酯及52ppm之鐵的產物。
該鐵係併入該二乙基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽之晶格。
熱安定性及處理窗(二者均見下表)優於純二乙基膦酸鋁(對照實例7)。熱安定性係使用本發明之二乙基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽測定,而處理窗係使用阻燃性聚合模製化合物測定。
實施例4
根據DE-A-10359815,製備包含乙基膦酸正丁酯且磷含量為7.71重量%之二乙基膦酸鈉溶液。根據實施例1,係使用0.2g之22重量%的硫酸鐵(III)溶液處理以產生含有0.2重量%之RM、0.9 P%之乙基膦酸正丁酯及52ppm之鐵的產物。
該鐵係併入該二乙基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽之晶格。
熱安定性及處理窗(二者均見下表)優於純二乙基膦酸鋁(對照實例7)。熱安定性係使用本發明之二乙基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽測定,而處理窗係使用阻燃性聚合模製化合物測定。
實施例5
根據DE-A-10359815,製備包含乙基膦酸正丁酯且磷含量為7.71重量%之二乙基膦酸鈉溶液。根據實施例1,係使用3.9g之22重量%的硫酸鐵(III)溶液處理以產生含有0.2重量%之RM、4 P%之乙基膦酸正丁酯及1019ppm之鐵的產物。
該鐵係併入該二乙基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽之晶格。
熱安定性及處理窗(二者均見下表)優於純二乙基膦酸鋁(對照實例7)。熱安定性係使用本發明之二乙基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽測定,而處理窗係使用阻燃性聚合模製化合物測定。
實施例6
根據DE-A-10359815,製備包含乙基膦酸第二丁酯及乙基膦酸正丁酯且磷含量為7.71重量%之二乙基膦酸鈉溶液。根據實施例1,係使用52g之22重量%的硫酸鐵(III)溶液處理以產生含有0.3重量%之RM、0.9 P%之乙基膦酸第二丁酯、10 P%之乙基膦酸正丁酯及13 783ppm之鐵的產物。
該鐵係併入該二乙基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽之晶格。
熱安定性及處理窗(二者均見下表)優於純二乙基膦酸鋁(對照實例7)。熱安定性係使用本發明之二乙基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽測定,而處理窗係使用阻燃性聚合模製化合物測定。
實施例7(對照)
無短鏈聚合物及/或鐵含量之二乙基膦酸鋁顯示列於表2之熱安定性及處理窗。
本發明之具有界定鐵含量的二烷基膦酸鹽及二烷基膦酸短鏈聚合物鹽比不含鐵之二乙基膦酸鹽具有明顯較大(較寬)之處理窗。
其在PA6中均顯示良好阻燃性。
上表中,熱安定性係借助於熱重分析術(TGA)測量。所記錄之溫度為在該處有2重量%重量損失的溫度。
聚合物模製化合物之處理窗同樣係藉由TGA測定。重量損失係以在330℃ 1小時之後的重量百分比測量。TGA係在空氣氛圍下進行。
在聚合物模製化合物之情況下,本發明之阻燃劑組成物的最大範圍為聚醯胺、MPP(多磷酸三聚氰胺)、玻璃纖維、硼酸鋅及蠟。
Claims (27)
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之二有機基膦酸鹽,其中,式(II)中之R1、R2係相同或不同,且獨立地為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基(異戊基)、3-甲基丁-2-基、2-甲基丁-2-基、2,2-二甲基丙基(新戊基)、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、環戊基、環戊基乙基、環己基、 環己基乙基、苯基、苯基乙基、甲基苯基及/或甲基苯基乙基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之二有機基膦酸鹽,其中,鐵係呈二烷基膦酸鐵(II)及/或二烷基膦酸鐵(III)之形式。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之二有機基膦酸鹽,其中,M及M’係呈具有(CaH2a+1)(CbH2b+1)PO2陰離子之均質離子化 合物形式,其中a及b係相同或不同且各自獨立地為1至9。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之二有機基膦酸鹽,其進一步包含短鏈聚合物離子,其中該短鏈聚合物離子為實驗式(VI)者H-(CwH2w)kP(O)(O(-))(CxH2x)l-H (VI)其中,在式(VI)中,彼此獨立地,k為1至9,l為1至9,w為2至9且x為2至9。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之二有機基膦酸鹽,其中,在式(VI)中,w及x各為2至4,且k及l各為1至4。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之二有機基膦酸鹽,其中,在式(VI)中,w及x各為2或3,且k及l各為1至3。
- 如申請專利範圍第6至8項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽,其包含a)60至99.8999 P%之式(I)的二烷基膦酸鹽,以及b)0.1至40 P%之式(VI)的短鏈聚合物離子,其中,a)和b)之總和為100 P%,其條件係該式(I)之二有機基膦酸鹽和該式(VI)之短鏈聚合物離子各為不同的化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6至8項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽,其中,該離子M、M’、(CaH2a+1)(CbH2b+1)PO2 -、H-(CwH2w)kPO2 -(CxH2x)l-H以及下列陰離子共同構成均質離子化合物:乙基丁基膦酸、二丁基膦酸、乙基己基膦酸、丁基己基膦酸、乙基辛基膦酸、第二丁基乙基膦酸、1-乙基丁基(丁基)膦酸、乙基(1-甲基戊基)膦酸、二-第二丁基膦酸(二(1-甲基丙基)膦酸)、丙基(己基)膦酸、二己基膦酸、己基(壬基)膦酸、丙基(壬基)膦酸、二壬基膦酸、二丙基膦酸、丁基(辛基)膦酸、己基(辛基)膦酸、二辛基膦酸、乙基(環戊基乙基)膦酸、丁基(環戊基乙基)膦酸、乙基(環己基乙基)膦酸、丁基(環己基乙基)膦酸、乙基(苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基(苯基乙基)膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基(4-甲基苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基環戊基膦酸、丁基環己基乙基膦酸、丁基苯基膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基)膦酸及/或丁基(4-甲基苯基)膦酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第6至8項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽,其中,該短鏈聚合物離子係呈其金屬鹽形式,此等為下列之金屬鹽:乙基丁基膦酸、二丁基膦酸、乙基己基膦酸、丁基己基膦酸、乙基辛基膦酸、第二丁基乙基膦酸、1-乙基丁基(丁基)膦酸、乙基(1-甲基戊基)膦酸、二-第二丁基膦酸(二-1-甲基丙基膦酸)、丙基(己基)膦酸、二己基膦酸、己基(壬基)膦酸、丙基(壬基)膦酸、二壬基膦酸、 二丙基膦酸、丁基(辛基)膦酸、己基(辛基)膦酸、二辛基膦酸、乙基(環戊基乙基)膦酸、丁基(環戊基乙基)膦酸、乙基(環己基乙基)膦酸、丁基(環己基乙基)膦酸、乙基(苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基(苯基乙基)膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基(4-甲基苯基乙基)膦酸、丁基環戊基膦酸、丁基環己基乙基膦酸、丁基苯基膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基)膦酸及/或丁基(4-甲基苯基)膦酸,且該金屬鹽之金屬來自下列群組:Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na及/或K。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之二有機基膦酸鹽,其具有:0.1至1000μm之粒度,80至800g/L之體密度,100g/L至1100g/L之夯實密度(tamped density),5至45度之靜止角,1至40m2/g之BET表面積,85至99.9之L色彩值,-4至+9之a色彩值,以及-2至+6之b色彩值。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之二有機基膦酸鹽,其具有:0.5至800μm之粒度,80至600g/L之體密度,600g/L至800g/L之夯實密度,以及 10至40度之靜止角。
- 一種製造如申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽之製程,其包含a)在製程階段1中,將0.9至1.1烯烴分子/P添加至次磷酸之水溶性鹽或其酸本身上,b)在製程階段2中,將0.9至1.1額外烯烴分子/P添加至來自a)的中間物上,以產生二烷基膦酸或其鹽,c)在製程階段3中,將1至9另外烯烴分子添加至0%至20%之來自製程階段1的該二烷基膦酸鹽分子上,以形成短鏈聚合物,d)在製程階段4中,用金屬鹽及鐵鹽進行來自b)或c)之中間物的結晶作用。
- 一種製造如申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽之製程,其包含a)在製程階段1中,將0.9至1.1烯烴分子/P添加至次磷酸之水溶性鹽或其酸本身上,b)在製程階段2中,將0.9至1.1額外烯烴分子/P添加至來自a)的中間物上,以產生二烷基膦酸或其鹽,c)在製程階段3中,將1至9另外烯烴分子添加至0%至20%之來自製程階段1的該二烷基膦酸鹽分子上,以形成短鏈聚合物,d)在製程階段4中,用金屬鹽及/或鐵鹽進行結晶作用, 以及e)在製程階段5中,用金屬鹽或鐵鹽進行來自d)之中間物的共沉澱作用。
- 一種製造如申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽之製程,其包含a)在製程階段1中,將0.9至1.1烯烴分子/P添加至次磷酸之水溶性鹽或其酸本身上,b)在製程階段2中,將0.9至1.1額外烯烴分子/P添加至來自a)的中間物上,以產生二烷基膦酸或其鹽,c)製程階段3中,用金屬鹽及/或鐵鹽進行結晶作用,以及d)然後,在製程階段4中,物理性混合該等短鏈聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第14至16項中任一項之製程,其中,該鐵鹽為氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、碘酸鹽、過氯酸鹽、氧化物、氫氧化物、過氧化物、超氧化物、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、硫酸鹽水合物、亞硫酸鹽、過氧硫酸鹽、氮化物、磷化物、硝酸鹽、硝酸鹽水合物、亞硝酸鹽、磷酸鹽、過氧磷酸鹽、亞磷酸鹽、次磷酸鹽、焦磷酸鹽、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、碳酸氫氧化物(hydroxide carbonate)、碳酸鹽水合物、矽酸鹽、六氟矽酸鹽、六氟矽酸鹽水合物、錫酸鹽、硼酸鹽、、多硼酸鹽(polyborate)、過氧硼酸 鹽、硫氰酸鹽、氰酸鹽、氰化物、鉻酸鹽、鉻鐵礦、鉬酸鹽、過錳酸鹽、甲酸鹽、乙酸鹽、乙酸鹽水合物、三氟乙酸鹽水合物、丙酸鹽、丁酸鹽、戊酸鹽、辛酸鹽、油酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、草酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、鹼式檸檬酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽水合物、苯甲酸鹽、柳酸鹽、乳酸鹽、乳酸鹽水合物、丙烯酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、甘胺酸鹽、苯氧化物、對-酚磺酸鹽、對-酚磺酸鹽水合物、乙醯丙酮鹽水合物、單寧酸鹽、二甲胺二硫甲酸鹽、三氟甲磺酸鹽、烷基磺酸鹽及/或芳烷基磺酸鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第14至16項中任一項之製程,其中,該金屬鹽之金屬來自下列群組:Al、Te、Fe及/或Zn。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽之用途,其係作為進一步合成之中間物、作為黏合劑、作為環氧樹脂、聚胺甲酸酯及不飽和聚酯樹脂之固化中的交聯劑或催速劑、作為聚合物安定劑、作為農作物保護組成物、作為螯合劑、作為礦油添加劑、作為抗腐蝕劑、用於清洗及清潔組成物應用、以及用於電子裝置應用。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽之用途,其係作為阻燃劑,包含作為透明塗層(clearcoat)及膨脹型塗層(intumescent coating)之阻燃劑、 作為木材及其他纖維素產品之阻燃劑、作為聚合物之反應性及/或非反應性阻燃劑之用途;用於製造阻燃性聚合物模製化合物;用於製造阻燃性聚合物模製品;及/或用於藉由浸漬使聚酯及純及混紡纖維素織物具有阻燃性。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之用途,其中,如申請專利範圍第1至12項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽係與增效劑一起使用,其中該等增效劑為磷酸三聚氰胺、磷酸二三聚氰胺、三磷酸五三聚氰胺、二磷酸三三聚氰胺、三磷酸肆三聚氰胺、五磷酸六三聚氰胺、二磷酸三聚氰胺、四磷酸三聚氰胺、焦磷酸三聚氰胺、多磷酸三聚氰胺、多磷酸蜜白胺(melam polyphosphate)、多磷酸蜜倫胺(melem polyphosphate)及/或多磷酸蜜勒胺(melon polyphosphate);或蜜白胺、蜜倫胺及/或蜜勒胺之三聚氰胺縮合產物;或三聚異氰酸參(羥乙基)酯與芳族聚羧酸之寡聚酯、苯胍、三聚異氰酸參(羥乙基)酯、尿囊素、乙炔脲(glycoluril)、三聚氰胺、三聚氰酸三聚氰胺、三聚氰酸脲、二氰二胺及/或胍;或式(NH4)yH3-yPO4或(NH4PO3)z之含氮磷酸鹽,其中,y=1至3且z=1至10 000;或亞磷酸鋁、焦亞磷酸鋁、膦酸鋁(aluminum phosphonates)、焦膦酸鋁(aluminum pyrophosphonates);或矽酸鹽、沸石、矽石、陶瓷粉末、選自下列所組成群組:硼酸鋅、碳酸鋅、錫酸鋅、羥基錫酸鋅(zinc hydroxystannate)、磷酸鋅、硫化鋅、氧化鋅、氫氧化鋅、氧化鋅水合物、鹼式矽酸鋅及 鉬酸鋅之鋅化合物、氫氧化鎂、水滑石、碳酸鎂、碳酸鈣鎂;或乙基膦酸(ethylphosphonic acid)、丙基膦酸(propylphosphonic acid)、丁基膦酸(butylphosphonic acid)、正丁基膦酸(n-butylphosphonic acid)、第二丁基膦酸(sec-butylphosphonic acid)、己基膦酸(hexylphosphonic acid)及/或辛基膦酸(octylphosphonic acid)之鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第20或21項之用途,其中,使用其他添加劑,彼等為抗氧化劑、UV安定劑、γ射線安定劑、水解安定劑、抗靜電劑、乳化劑、成核劑、塑化劑、處理輔助劑、耐衝擊性改質劑、染料、或顏料。
- 如申請專利範圍第20或21項之用途,其中,使用0.0001重量%至99.7999重量%之如申請專利範圍第1至12項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽、0.1重量%至40重量%之增效劑以及0.1重量%至40重量%之添加劑,其中,該等組分的總和為100重量%。
- 一種阻燃性熱塑性或熱固性聚合物模製組成物,其包含0.5重量%至45重量%之如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽、0.5重量%至95重量%之熱塑性或熱固性聚合物或其混合物、0重量%至55重量%之添加劑以及0重量%至55重量%之填料或強化材料,其中,該等組分的總和為100重量%。
- 一種聚合物模製品,其包含0.5重量%至45重量%之如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽、0.5重量%至95重量%之熱塑性或熱固性聚合物或其混合物、0重量%至55重量%之添加劑以及0重量%至55重量%之填料或強化材料,其中,該等組分的總和為100重量%。
- 一種聚合物膜、聚合物長絲或聚合物纖維,其包含0.5重量%至45重量%之如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之二有機基膦酸鹽、0.5重量%至95重量%之熱塑性或熱固性聚合物或其混合物、0重量%至55重量%之添加劑以及0重量%至55重量%之填料或強化材料,其中,該等組分的總和為100重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第24項之阻燃性熱塑性或熱固性聚合物模製組成物、如申請專利範圍第25項之聚合物模製品、或如申請專利範圍第26項之聚合物膜、聚合物長絲或聚合物纖維,其中,該聚合物包含下列之熱塑性聚合物:HI(高衝擊性)聚苯乙烯、聚苯醚、聚醯胺、聚酯或聚碳酸酯型、以及ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)或PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)或PPE/HIPS(聚苯醚/HI聚苯乙烯)聚合物型之摻合物或聚合物摻合物;及/或不飽和聚酯或環氧樹脂型之熱固性聚合物。
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ZA201808503B (en) | 2019-08-28 |
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WO2018015251A1 (de) | 2018-01-25 |
MX2019000686A (es) | 2019-08-01 |
KR20190031523A (ko) | 2019-03-26 |
US11312910B2 (en) | 2022-04-26 |
US20190292464A1 (en) | 2019-09-26 |
EP3487861B1 (de) | 2021-12-01 |
JP6872003B2 (ja) | 2021-05-19 |
MY191236A (en) | 2022-06-10 |
SG11201811835YA (en) | 2019-02-27 |
TW201815804A (zh) | 2018-05-01 |
DE102016213280A1 (de) | 2018-01-25 |
EP3487861A1 (de) | 2019-05-29 |
BR112019000026A2 (pt) | 2019-04-02 |
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