CN1075923C

CN1075923C - Method for topiary work of fruit tree

Info

Publication number: CN1075923C
Application number: CN 97119953
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢永发
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1997-10-29
Filing date: 1997-10-29
Publication date: 2001-12-12
Anticipated expiration: 2017-10-29
Also published as: CN1215546A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for pruning a fruit tree. A one-year-old seedling is bent, and one full bud on the upper back side of the bent part is firstly selected. The front part of the bud is scratched, and all buds behind the bud are removed. A final branching point near the bent part or the middle part of a bent branch is annularly peeled in the critical period of the flower bud differentiation of fruit trees. New tips growing on the bent branch are respectively curled, bent, twisted, slightly broken and topped in July and August. The bases of main branches which are bent in the previous year in a first group are girdled for a second time in the next year. Main branches growing on the bent branches in a second group are bent in the spring of the next year. Main branches newly growing in a third group and a fourth group are bent year by year, and the procedures are repeated. However, bent directions respectively extend in four different directions.

Description

The shaping methods of fruit tree

Technical field

The present invention relates to the shaping methods of fruit tree, particularly relate to orchard fruit, for example, the shaping methods of fruit trees such as apple, pears, peach.

Background technology

In order to realize ahead of time result, early high yield, high yield, stable yields, high-quality and low cost; hope obtains the purpose of best high yield with minimum cost consumption; people sum up a rich experience; that is, improved seeds are basic, and water, fertile condition are the bases; it is prerequisite that dense planting is downgraded; it is crucial getting bumper crops tree-like, and shaping and pruning are means, and plant protection is to guarantee.This shows that the shape of fruit tree is to the importance of premature labor, high yield and stable yields.

For tree-like, the traditional method that obtains to get bumper crops is according to tree property trimming and finishing.But pruning the branch technology is quite loaded down with trivial details, complicated, a technical demanding job.It must " prune because of branch, do shape with tree " according to tree property.Therefore, there is following defective in this technology:

1, cause the further imbalance of " growth and result " basic contradiction of treelet, imbalance, thereby on the one hand because the part of growth strengthens, the tree-like basic framework of getting bumper crops (skeleton branch growth) constantly enlarges, and is difficult to effective control, is unfavorable for downgrading dense planting; On the other hand on the whole,, make more difficult being differentiated to form of bud of fruit tree treelet, bearing capacity is reduced, be unfavorable for result and high yield ahead of time owing to the unbalanced development of " growth and result " contradictory relation in fruit tree.

2, traditional trimming and finishing technology according to tree property " because of branch is pruned; do shape " with tree, carry out different prunings and shaping at different seeds, different kind and different branch class, bud heterogeneous, thereby it is very loaded down with trivial details, complicated, numerous orchard workers are difficult to grasp effectively application, and are difficult to obtain good good harvest effect.

3, the fruit tree shape through traditional pruning technique shaping is intricate, varied, and synthetic job efficient such as the feasible extermination of disease and insect pest to fruit tree, picking fruit are low, more are difficult to mechanization.

The fruit tree shaping method of a kind of " folded formula is fan-shaped " is disclosed in " practical fruit tree shaping the is pruned serial diagram " book by the publication and distribution of Shaanxi science tech publishing house in August, 1991, this method needs beta pruning equally, it is formed that tree-like to be that " hedge wall type " is tree-like growing with the orientation differing heights, the tree-like daylighting of this kind is relatively poor, is unfavorable for dense planting simultaneously.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of tree-like shaping methods of high yield that need not prune branch.

Realize that above-mentioned purpose method of the present invention is as follows:

1, select seedling to select the one year seedling of height of seedling between 1.5～2.5 meters;

2, curved branch from overhead 0.6～0.8 meter bending, makes the anterior seedling tip a little more than crooked position or equal, to keep good growth potential sapling;

3, carve wound and select a full bud, carve wound, erase the bud at its rear, impel this bud to sprout, healthy and strong growth in the front portion of this bud in the back side of above-mentioned crooked position;

4, for the first time band girdle carries out ringing at the flower bud differentiation critical period of fruit tree then near the last bifurcation of curved branch or the middle part of curved branch, is differentiated to form bud to impel anterior top, axillalry bud, rear portion germinating young sprout;

5, training current growth season, to the young sprout of growing on the crooked position, take bending pruning, other branch respectively, twist branch, take branch and pinching to suppress its growth according to growing state, impel the growth of secondary branch;

6, the flower bud differentiation critical period of band girdle to the second year fruit tree for the second time, at its base portion, the band girdle second time that carries out forms bud to impel whole curved branch to go up to the first major branch group of crooked setting last year;

7, at the beginning of 1 year season of growth, the major branch that is grown up to by aforementioned bud is carried out bending and repeats abovementioned steps, form the second major branch group, repeat abovementioned steps later on year by year, to form the 3rd, the 4th major branch group, the direction difference that each group is crooked makes its four major branch groups become three-dimensional the distribution respectively on four different directions.

By technique scheme and later detailed description as can be seen, advantage of the present invention is:

1, implements simple, popular suitable, the grasp, effective easily of this method.

2, overcome the contradiction of " growth and result ", adopted this method, can form bud then, reached precocity fruiting, early the requirement of high yield to having axillary bud early fruiting character fruit tree.

3, tree-likely have four large-scale groups of major branch as a result by what obtain after the shaping of this this method, in the three-dimensional distribution of four direction, forming does not have the happy shape that central authorities do respectively for they, and the shape standard helps making full use of sunlight, its tree crown projection total area ratio " folded formula is fan-shaped " doubles, and is convenient to management.

4, owing to the tree-like standard by obtaining after this method shaping, therefore be convenient to dense planting, even use tall anvil fruit tree, this method also can be planted 111 fruit trees for every mu.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 represents the schematic diagram of each step of shaping methods of the present invention respectively;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram according to fruit-bearing forest after the method shaping of the present invention;

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in detail.

Referring to Fig. 1,2, dotted line represents upright one year seedling, and its height of seedling is preferably about 2 meters between 1.5～2.5 meters. When implementing this method, with the sapling stretch bending, bending direction can at first be selected east (also can select other directions) with rope, Make crooked position 1 be in 0.6～0.8 meter height, its treetop is a little more than crooked position or equal (but can not be lower than crooked position) Fix. Can fix with timber wedge, also can fix with other instruments (seeing Fig. 1), the branch after the bending be called curved branch (from The knee is to treetop), be the first major branch group 4 after the growth, also can be described as large-scale fruit-bearing shoot cluster. Then, at crooked position 1 The back side select a full bud 2, carve wound in the front portion of this bud 2, injuries are carved in numbering 3 expressions, erase simultaneously bud 2 times The bud of face. To Floral initiation, for example, apple is mid or late May, at last branch 5 places or the curved branch near curved branch The middle part carry out girding, numbering 6 expression band girdle places. Behind the band girdle, between band girdle place 6 and bud 2, grow young sprout 7. Bud 2 also grows up to shoot 8 simultaneously, in order to carrying out bending next year, is long two major branch groups 8 after the crooked growth of this shoot. To 7,8 In month, young sprout 7 is grown up, and takes respectively bending pruning, other branch, twists branch, takes branch, pinching according to the different growing states of each young sprout 7 Deng pruning.

Bending pruning be the young sprout 7 to the postmedian robust growth of crooked position behind the band girdle carry out from circle or with another young sprout mutually circle one Rise, see Fig. 3 dotted line, stop growing in advance with the bud that is conducive to the young sprout top, impel the germination and growth secondary tip, to satisfy high yield Tree-like cultivation and contain fruit and create good condition for each major branch group entered behind the band girdle in the second time.

Other branch is that the young sprout of the postmedian robust growth of crooked position behind the band girdle is changed direction, and is crooked other at adjacent one, two Young sprout up and down between, do not allow its new line, to change its standing up property and polarity, its effect is basic identical with bending pruning.

Stubborn branch can be called again turns round the tip, namely after growth period 6, July, and the young sprout of the semi-lignified of holding with a firm grip after two, the first from left right side Reverse young sprout, make skin zone and xylem tear wound, but do not make its fracture, weaken so that young sprout is twisted the front portion growth of hindering at it, and change Become the direction of growth, both be conducive to that terminal bud early stops growing and to bud differentiation, be conducive to again to sprain the rear portion germination and growth at position Many secondary young sprouts.

Taking branch is that young sprout (containing biennial branch) is progressively pinched with record book in accordion form to the end of the branch from base portion, not hindering under the front topic of skin, makes wood The crepitation sound is hindered by matter section, changes branch hardness, vertical growth gesture and the direction of growth, makes it straighten vertical be level or sagging growth. Like this, both be conducive to remedy and lacked a branch space, position, in being conducive to again weaken the end of the branch growth and impelling, the secondary tip germination and growth of rear portion.

To the differentiation of floral bud of fruit tree critical period of Second Year, for example, apple is mid or late May, to first master of crooked setting last year The branch group is at its base portion, and namely 9 places, front portion of the second major branch group 8 carry out the band girdle second time, to impel a large amount of flowers of the upper formation of whole curved branch Bud is realized early high yield.

Its peeling width of above-mentioned twice band girdle is 1/8～1/10 of this position diameter, and its thickness is to peel off skin zone to xylem, but not Must damage xylem.

Be growth period summer, and when shoot growth is crossed when prosperous, requiring according to shoot growth situation on the major branch group and the tree-like cultivation of high yield can To pluck the tender point in top. To weaken apical growth, realize precocity fruiting.

Pass through some fruit trees of the rear one year seedling of said method training, as have the fruit tree of axillary bud early fruiting character, can form then Bud.

In the Second Year spring, at the beginning of the season of growth, the major branch 8 that is grown up to by aforementioned blastogenesis is carried out bending and repeats aforesaid each step Suddenly, namely form the second major branch group 8. Repeat year by year later on abovementioned steps, namely form the 3rd, the 4th

major branch group

11,10. Its bending direction is: the second major branch group 8 is substantially vertical with the bending direction of the first major branch group 4, the bending of the 3rd major branch group 11 Direction is basically perpendicular to again the bending direction of the second major branch group 8, and the bending direction of the 4th major branch group 10 is basically perpendicular to again the 3rd The bending direction of major branch group 11. Like this, four major branch groups are stretched to respectively 4 three-dimensional distributions of different directions, and forming does not have central authorities The happy shape (seeing Fig. 4) of doing makes through the fruit tree woods after the shaping and standardizes.

Each major branch group is behind the respectful realization large result of two secondary rings, to the sagging juxtaposition branch retraction beta pruning of former training.

When planting, tall its seeding row spacing of anvil fruit tree is 2 * 3 meters or 1.5 * 4 meters mu can plants 110 strains. Short anvil fruit tree can also be carried Therefore high density, adopts this method can dense planting, thereby improves per mu yield.

The present invention can be used for roadside, the fruit tree hedgerow of park plantation and the shaping of fruit tree pedestrian mall.

For the convenience of the users, this method can be summed up " the three speech crosses " of ten words of three the words shaping method that becomes, namely " one is curved, Two quarters, three band girdle circles (branch), circle (branch), not (branch), twist (branch), by (branch), smear (bud), pluck (heart) flexible work; The shaping beta pruning should be light, few, one cut motionless for few ".

Claims

1, the shaping methods of a planting fruit-trees, its step comprises:

1) select seedling to select the one year seedling of height of seedling between 15～25 meters;

2) curved branch from overhead 0.6～0.8 meter bending, makes the anterior seedling tip a little more than crooked position or equal, to keep good growth potential sapling;

3) carve wound and select a full bud (2), carve wound, erase the bud at its rear, impel this bud to sprout, healthy and strong growth in the front portion of this bud in the back side of above-mentioned crooked position;

4) for the first time band girdle carries out ringing at the flower bud differentiation critical period of fruit tree then near the last bifurcation of curved branch or the middle part of curved branch, is differentiated to form bud to impel anterior top, axillalry bud, rear portion germinating young sprout (7);

5) training current growth season, to the young sprout (7) of growing on the crooked position, take bending pruning, other branch respectively, twist branch, take branch and pinching according to growing state, to suppress its growth, impel the growth of secondary branch;

6) the flower bud differentiation critical period of band girdle to the second year fruit tree for the second time at its base portion, carries out band girdle second time to the first major branch group (4) of crooked setting last year, goes up the formation bud to impel whole curved branch;

7) at the beginning of 1 year season of growth, the major branch that is grown up to by aforementioned bud is carried out bending and repeats abovementioned steps, form the second major branch group (8), repeat abovementioned steps later on year by year, to form the 3rd, the 4th major branch group (11,10), the direction difference that each group is crooked makes its four major branch groups become three-dimensional the distribution respectively on four different directions.

2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described annual height of seedling is about 2 meters.

3, method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that its peeling width of described twice band girdle is 1/8～1/10 of this position diameter, and its thickness is to peel off skin to xylem, but must not damage xylem.

4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that each mainly organizes after the secondary band girdle is realized large result, to the sagging juxtaposition branch retraction beta pruning of former training.