CN107581056A - A kind of papaya cross breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of papaya cross breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107581056A CN107581056A CN201710946695.6A CN201710946695A CN107581056A CN 107581056 A CN107581056 A CN 107581056A CN 201710946695 A CN201710946695 A CN 201710946695A CN 107581056 A CN107581056 A CN 107581056A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of papaya cross breeding method, selects plant shape short, and the as a result relatively low both sexes strain in part completes the selection of hybridization flower of female parent and parent sire of hybrid pigs flower on request as hybrid strain；When the bud of male parent flower distinguishes that green turns yellow-white by flower, peel off flower and distinguish taking-up flower pesticide, be placed in drier, and be placed at shady place or low temperature；Emasculation processing is carried out when flower of female parent is changed into yellow green；When pollination spend a bud just ready to burst when carry out pollination processing, then the flower middle and upper part for awarding pollen is tied up with the small rope made of hemp, tightened；Arrive 10d within 1 week after hybridization, solution removes the small rope made of hemp, carries out rational hybrid plant management, application in time water, preventing disease and pest；The normal ripening fruits of growth selection, determines its quality, choose kind best in quality sow respectively, nursery, plantation, selected good strains in the field for seed further according to select index target, and carry out the evaluation of yield and quality.The invention provides a kind of new papaya crossbreeding technology, good crossbreeding effect is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant breeding, and in particular to a kind of papaya cross breeding method.
Background technology
Crossbreeding is to obtain the important method of papaya new varieties.The papaya improved seeds that China promotes at present, greatly
Majority is come from crossbreeding, as the seed selection of Guangzhou fruit tree research institute " in fringe red 48 " be exactly using multiple cross be bred as
Old brand kind.Compared with orchard fruit, papaya is planted then, is yielded positive results then, therefore needed for papaya crossbreeding
Time is short, easily succeeds.We have carried out papaya crossbreeding to 2013-2016, take innovation hybridization technique, take
Obtained good crossbreeding effect.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of papaya cross breeding method.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme taken of the present invention is：
A kind of papaya cross breeding method, comprises the following steps：
S1, choose that local performance is excellent, and fruit quality is excellent, the kind of strong stress resistance is as candidate material, after introduction of plant,
Selection plant shape is short, and the as a result relatively low both sexes strain in part is as hybrid strain；
S2, after maternal individual plant is determined, the Long Circle hermaphrodite flower of a length of more than the 1.5cm of robust growth on individual plant is selected to make
To hybridize flower of female parent, and number listed；After male parent individual plant is determined, the Long Circle hermaphrodite flower of the robust growth on individual plant is selected to make
Spent for parent sire of hybrid pigs, and be used as mark, conveniently take pollen；
It is when S3, the bud as the male parent flower for taking pollen distinguish that green turns yellow-white by flower, i.e., special with hybridizing before blooming soon
Take the photograph sub- stripping flower and distinguish taking-up flower pesticide, be placed in drier, and be placed on shady place of the temperature not less than 16 DEG C or be placed at low temperature；When
Carry out emasculation processing when flower of female parent is changed into yellow green, during emasculation with left hand gently take bennet, the right hand holds hybridization tweezer, with hybridizing tweezer
Flower pesticide is taken out, removes totally, avoids hurting column cap and ovary, and flower can not be injured and distinguished, ensures that flower is distinguished in normal condition；When
Pollination is spent and carries out pollination processing when a bud just ready to burst, is gently pushed flower aside during pollination and is distinguished, by the pollen hair of male parent Long Circle hermaphrodite flower
Pen or pencil eraser are gently pollinated on the column cap of maternal Long Circle hermaphrodite flower；Then it will award the flower middle and upper part of pollen the small rope made of hemp
Tie up, tighten, avoid other pollen string powder, the flower for allowing hybridization pollination to cross grows under field conditions (factors)；
After the completion of S4, hybridization, Parent is marked on tag board, hybridization time, is hung on the anthocaulus of hybridization, facilitates the later stage to see
Examine and harvest；
10d is arrived within 1 week after S5, hybridization, checks hybridization survival rate, after hybridizing successfully, careful solution removes the small rope made of hemp；
S6, carry out rational hybrid plant management, application in time water, preventing disease and pest；
The normal ripening fruits of S7, growth selection, determines its quality, chooses best in quality, autumn soluble solid
Up to more than 11.5%, more than vitamin C 60mg/100g seed is sowed respectively, nursery, plantation, in normal cultivation management bar
The growth of hybrid generation, situation of yielding positive results are observed under part, is selected good strains in the field for seed further according to select index target, and carry out yield and quality
Evaluation.
Before pollination time selection fine day or broken sky 10 AM in the step S3 or after at 4 points in afternoon.
Following control measures are specifically included in the step S6：
Base manure is used sufficient, thin apply frequently applies flower forcing fertilizer, increase fruit-promoting fertilizer, and 3-6g boraxs are applied per cave in cultivation.Do soil well
Management, tree body management is carried out, remove the blade on lateral bud, reduce trunk infusion consumption, anti-crab rooting of earthing up in time；Strengthen pest and disease damage
Preventing and treating, in time it is cold-proof, temperature be less than 5 DEG C when, plant top tender leaf easily endure cold it is withered, temperature be less than 0 DEG C, plant is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature extremely
Die；Before winter approached, the standby a pile sawdust of orchard surrounding, when temperature in low temperature less than 5 DEG C, sootiness is carried out；Or pricked with straw
Into a branch of, papaya plant terminal bud is covered, to protect terminal bud not by frost, while the fruit mingled is encased with pearl cotton.
Preferably, if the local same orchard of parents in the step S3, directly take male parent flower pesticide to be used to hybridize, hybridize
Survival rate is higher.
The invention provides a kind of new papaya crossbreeding technology, hybridization survival rate is improved, has obtained suitable good fortune
The new Hybrid of province's plantation climatic characteristic (summer typhoon) and natural environment is built, achieves good crossbreeding effect.
Embodiment
In order that objects and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, the present invention is carried out with reference to embodiments further
Describe in detail.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to limit this hair
It is bright.
Carrying out first having to the requirement according to breeding objective during papaya crossbreeding, picked out from breeding resources most suitable
The kind of conjunction is as parent.As conventional breeding, our Selection parents, most important condition non-transgenic variety source.Hybridized
Before, to carry out non-transgenic detection, it is determined that after, according to it is self-ordained at present, with reference to climatic characteristic (the summer platform in Fujian Province
Wind) and principle similar in natural environment is introduced a fine variety, Some Areas of Fujian, China is papaya plantation the northern fringe area, should develop plantation breeding time
Short, plant is short, and as a result part is low, kind best in quality.The autumn soluble solid of Selection parent is up to more than 12%, spring
Up to more than 10%, we collect from the similar Taiwan of growing environment and weather, MeiZhou,GuangDong, Nanning draws soluble solid
Enter fine quality resource.Such as red prince wife, improvement rises day, the Malaysia series of products in Taiwan, the farm variety resource in MeiZhou,GuangDong mountain area.
Papaya growth is adapted to temperature to be 25-32 DEG C, and for monthly mean temperature more than 16 DEG C, growth, solid, yield, quality could be normal.
The strain of papaya both sexes strain is affected by environment to open various types of flowers.Under conditions of temperature is stepped up, order of blooming is：
By female hermaphrodite flower to opening Long Circle hermaphrodite flower, then it is changed into out male hermaphrodite flower.On the contrary, as temperature gradually reduces, by elder generation
Male hermaphrodite flower and short handle male flower is opened to opening Long Circle hermaphrodite flower, then is changed into out female hermaphrodite flower, high temperature is shown and becomes male
Feature.From 35 DEG C to 41 DEG C change dynamic be：Female hermaphrodite flower becomes long circle hermaphrodite flower, then becomes male hermaphrodite flower, most
After become male flower, less than 35 DEG C colored property do not change.Hybridization time should be selected in the period that colored property does not change, and temperature is less than
Less than 35 DEG C, the growth temperature range being adapted to reference to papaya, the 5-6 months, or 9-10 months, when air humidity is in 50%-
When 60%, it can be hybridized.
Specifically, the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of papaya cross breeding method, comprise the following steps：
S1, choose that local performance is excellent, and fruit quality is excellent, the kind of strong stress resistance is as candidate material, after introduction of plant,
Selection plant shape is short, and the as a result relatively low both sexes strain in part is as hybrid strain；
S2, after maternal individual plant is determined, the Long Circle hermaphrodite flower of a length of more than the 1.5cm of robust growth on individual plant is selected to make
To hybridize flower of female parent, and number listed；After male parent individual plant is determined, the Long Circle hermaphrodite flower of the robust growth on individual plant is selected to make
Spent for parent sire of hybrid pigs, and be used as mark, conveniently take pollen；
It is when S3, the bud as the male parent flower for taking pollen distinguish that green turns yellow-white by flower, i.e., special with hybridizing before blooming soon
Take the photograph sub- stripping flower and distinguish taking-up flower pesticide, be placed in drier, and be placed on shady place of the temperature not less than 10 DEG C or be placed at low temperature；If
The local same orchard of parents, then male parent flower pesticide is directly taken to be used to hybridize, hybridization survival rate is higher.When flower of female parent is changed into yellow green
Shi Jinhang emasculations are handled, during emasculation with left hand gently take bennet, the right hand holds hybridization tweezer, is taken out flower pesticide with hybridization tweezer, removal
Totally, avoid hurting column cap and ovary, and flower can not be injured and distinguished, ensure that flower is distinguished in normal condition；When pollination is spent, a bud just ready to burst
Shi Jinhang pollinations are handled, and before pollination time selection fine day or broken sky 10 AM or after at 4 points in afternoon, are gently pushed aside during pollination
Flower is distinguished, the pollen of male parent Long Circle hermaphrodite flower is gently pollinated in the column cap of maternal Long Circle hermaphrodite flower with writing brush or pencil eraser
On；Then the flower middle and upper part for awarding pollen is tied up with the small rope made of hemp, tightened, avoid other pollen string powder, allow hybridization pollination mistake
Flower grow under field conditions (factors)；Avoid covering the bad subenvironment of bag formation；Spending for other papaya is raw on stem,
Stem is sturdy, and anthocaulus is short, inconvenient for operation with bagging, and wind is also larger to influenceing, and causing, which influences hybridization, survives.Tied up using cord
The flower hybridized compareed compared with bagging method hybridizes by 4 years, and hybridization success rate improves more than 32%, is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 ties up flower with cord after hybridizing and is hybridized to power unit with paper bag set flower：Piece, %
After the completion of S4, hybridization, Parent is marked on tag board, hybridization time, is hung on the anthocaulus of hybridization, facilitates the later stage to see
Examine and harvest；
10d is arrived within 1 week after S5, hybridization, checks hybridization survival rate, after hybridizing successfully, careful solution removes the small rope made of hemp；
S6, carry out rational hybrid plant management, application in time water, preventing disease and pest；Specifically：
Base manure is used sufficient, thin apply frequently applies flower forcing fertilizer, increase fruit-promoting fertilizer, and 3-6g boraxs are applied per cave in cultivation.Do soil well
Management, tree body management is carried out, remove the blade on lateral bud, reduce trunk infusion consumption, anti-crab rooting of earthing up in time；Strengthen pest and disease damage
Preventing and treating, in time it is cold-proof, temperature be less than 5 DEG C when, plant top tender leaf easily endure cold it is withered, temperature be less than 0 DEG C, plant is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature extremely
Die；Before winter approached, the standby a pile sawdust of orchard surrounding, when temperature in low temperature less than 5 DEG C, sootiness is carried out；Or pricked with straw
Into a branch of, papaya plant terminal bud is covered, to protect terminal bud not by frost, while the fruit mingled is encased with pearl cotton.
The normal ripening fruits of S7, growth selection, determines its quality, chooses best in quality, autumn soluble solid
Up to more than 11.5%, more than vitamin C 60mg/100g seed is sowed respectively, nursery, plantation, in normal cultivation management bar
The growth of hybrid generation, situation of yielding positive results are observed under part, is selected good strains in the field for seed further according to select index target, and carry out yield and quality
Evaluation.
Embodiment 1
S1, the red prince wife for choosing the seed selection of Taiwan peasant company, platform agriculture 5, make Parent respectively；Their annual plant heights
195cm, soluble solid autumn up to more than 12.8%, autumn plantation, bloom mid-April next year, mid-October fruit maturation；
S2, the Long Circle hermaphrodite flower of a length of more than the 1.5cm of robust growth on maternal individual plant is selected to be used as hybridization flower of female parent,
And number listed；Select the Long Circle hermaphrodite flower of the robust growth on male parent individual plant to be spent as parent sire of hybrid pigs, and be used as mark, side
Just pollen is taken；
It is when S3, the bud as the male parent flower for taking pollen distinguish that green turns yellow-white by flower, i.e., special with hybridizing before blooming soon
Take the photograph sub- stripping flower and distinguish taking-up flower pesticide, be placed in drier, and be placed on shady place of the temperature not less than 10 DEG C or be placed at low temperature；If
The local same orchard of parents, then male parent flower pesticide is directly taken to be used to hybridize, hybridization survival rate is higher.When flower of female parent is changed into yellow green
Shi Jinhang emasculations are handled, during emasculation with left hand gently take bennet, the right hand holds hybridization tweezer, is taken out flower pesticide with hybridization tweezer, removal
Totally, avoid hurting column cap and ovary, and flower can not be injured and distinguished, ensure that flower is distinguished in normal condition；When pollination is spent, a bud just ready to burst
Shi Jinhang pollinations are handled, and before pollination time selection fine day or broken sky 10 AM or after at 4 points in afternoon, are gently pushed aside during pollination
Flower is distinguished, the pollen of male parent Long Circle hermaphrodite flower is gently pollinated in the column cap of maternal Long Circle hermaphrodite flower with writing brush or pencil eraser
On；Then the flower middle and upper part for awarding pollen is tied up with the small rope made of hemp, tightened, avoid other pollen string powder, allow hybridization pollination mistake
Flower grow under field conditions (factors)；
After the completion of S4, hybridization, Parent is marked on tag board, hybridization time, is hung on the anthocaulus of hybridization, facilitates the later stage to see
Examine and harvest；
10d is arrived within 1 week after S5, hybridization, checks hybridization survival rate, after hybridizing successfully, careful solution removes the small rope made of hemp；
S6, carry out rational hybrid plant management, application in time water, preventing disease and pest；Specifically：
Base manure is used sufficient, thin apply frequently applies flower forcing fertilizer, increase fruit-promoting fertilizer, and 3-6g boraxs are applied per cave in cultivation.Do soil well
Management, tree body management is carried out, remove the blade on lateral bud, reduce trunk infusion consumption, anti-crab rooting of earthing up in time；Strengthen pest and disease damage
Preventing and treating, in time it is cold-proof, temperature be less than 5 DEG C when, plant top tender leaf easily endure cold it is withered, temperature be less than 0 DEG C, plant is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature extremely
Die；Before winter approached, the standby a pile sawdust of orchard surrounding, when temperature in low temperature less than 5 DEG C, sootiness is carried out；Or pricked with straw
Into a branch of, papaya plant terminal bud is covered, to protect terminal bud not by frost, while the fruit mingled is encased with pearl cotton.
The normal ripening fruits of S7, growth selection, determines its quality, chooses best in quality, autumn soluble solid
Up to more than 11.5%, more than vitamin C 60mg/100g seed is sowed respectively, nursery, plantation, in normal cultivation management bar
The growth of hybrid generation, situation of yielding positive results are observed under part, is selected good strains in the field for seed further according to select index target, and carry out yield and quality
Evaluation.
Embodiment 2
The high-quality Local variety of the local dwarfing of S1, selection MeiZhou,GuangDong makees Parent respectively, the annual height of the Local variety
Less than 190cm, single fruit weight 500g or so, soluble solid autumn, autumn plantation, mid or late April next year bloomed up to 12.5%,
Late October fruit maturation；
Remaining step is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
S1, the big fruit kind osmanthus heat 1 of the dwarfing of the sub- hot institute's seed selection in selection Guangxi, osmanthus heat 2 are described respectively as Parent
Osmanthus heat No. 1, osmanthus No. 2 annual plant height 130-150cm of heat, the first result is highly liftoff 30cm, more than single fruit 2kg, solubility are solid
Shape thing autumn, early March was planted, and is bloomed mid-June, late November fruit maturation up to more than 12%；
Remaining step is the same as embodiment 1.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of papaya cross breeding method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, choose that local performance is excellent, and fruit quality is excellent, the kind of strong stress resistance is used as candidate material, after introduction of plant, selects
Plant shape is short, and the as a result relatively low both sexes strain in part is as hybrid strain；
S2, after maternal individual plant is determined, select individual plant on a length of more than the 1.5cm of robust growth Long Circle hermaphrodite flower as miscellaneous
Flower of female parent is handed over, and is numbered listed；After male parent individual plant is determined, the Long Circle hermaphrodite flower of the robust growth on selection individual plant is as miscellaneous
Male parent flower is handed over, and is used as mark, conveniently takes pollen；
When S3, the bud as the male parent flower for taking pollen distinguish that green turns yellow-white by flower, with hybridize it is special take the photograph sub- stripping flower and distinguish take
Go out flower pesticide, be placed in drier, and be placed at shady place of the temperature not less than 16 DEG C or low temperature；
When flower of female parent is changed into yellow green, carry out emasculation processing, during emasculation with left hand gently take bennet, the right hand holds hybridization tweezer,
Flower pesticide is taken out with hybridization tweezer, removes totally, avoids hurting column cap and ovary, and flower can not be injured and distinguished, ensures that flower is distinguished in just
Normal state；
When pollination is spent a bud just ready to burst when, carry out pollination processing, gently push flower aside during pollination and distinguish, by the flower of male parent Long Circle hermaphrodite flower
Powder is gently pollinated on the column cap of maternal Long Circle hermaphrodite flower with writing brush or pencil eraser；Then the flower middle and upper part for awarding pollen is used
The small rope made of hemp is tied up, and is tightened, and avoids other pollen string powder, and the flower for allowing hybridization pollination to cross grows under field conditions (factors)；
S4, hybridization after the completion of, Parent is marked on tag board, hybridization time, is hung on the anthocaulus of hybridization, facilitate later observations and
Harvesting；
10d is arrived within 1 week after S5, hybridization, checks hybridization survival rate, after hybridizing successfully, solution removes the small rope made of hemp；
S6, carry out rational hybrid plant management, application in time water, preventing disease and pest；
The normal ripening fruits of S7, growth selection, determines its quality, chooses best in quality, and autumn soluble solid reaches
More than 11.5%, more than vitamin C 60mg/100g seed are sowed respectively, nursery, plantation, in normal cultivation management condition
The lower observation growth of hybrid generation, situation of yielding positive results, are selected good strains in the field for seed further according to select index target, and carry out yield and quality
Evaluation.
2. a kind of papaya cross breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that during pollination in the step S3
Between select before fine day or broken sky 10 AM or after at 4 points in afternoon.
3. a kind of papaya cross breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that specifically included in the step S6
Following control measures：
Base manure is used sufficient, thin apply frequently applies flower forcing fertilizer, increase fruit-promoting fertilizer, and 3-6g boraxs are applied per cave in cultivation；Do soil pipe well
Reason, tree body management is carried out, remove the blade on lateral bud, reduce trunk infusion consumption, anti-crab rooting of earthing up in time；Strengthen pest and disease damage to prevent
Control, be cold-proof in time, before winter approached, the standby a pile sawdust of orchard surrounding, and installed with big metal bucket, when temperature is less than in low temperature
5 DEG C, carry out sootiness；Or it is bundled into straw a branch of, papaya plant terminal bud is covered, to protect terminal bud not by frost, while mingling
Fruit encased with pearl cotton.
4. a kind of papaya cross breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that if parents in the step S3
Local same orchard, then male parent flower pesticide is directly taken to be used to hybridize.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108901676A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-30 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of cultivation mode improving papaya plantation economic benefit |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108901676A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-30 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of cultivation mode improving papaya plantation economic benefit |
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