CN101697707A - Method for cultivating amomum villosum - Google Patents
Method for cultivating amomum villosum Download PDFInfo
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- CN101697707A CN101697707A CN200910193927A CN200910193927A CN101697707A CN 101697707 A CN101697707 A CN 101697707A CN 200910193927 A CN200910193927 A CN 200910193927A CN 200910193927 A CN200910193927 A CN 200910193927A CN 101697707 A CN101697707 A CN 101697707A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating amomum villosum, including the following steps: Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu is taken as male parent, and amomum villosum farming cultivation type long fruit No. 2 is taken as female parent; the flower of female parent is protected by bagging in bud pregnant period, and manual emasculation is carried out in blooming period; pollen of male parent is scraped to be pollenized into stigma of the flower of treated female parent, and the flower of female parent is protected by bagging again; after hybridization of female parent, other undeveloped flowers of the inflorescence are removed; when hybridized flower forms a young fruit, a bag protector is removed, and management is reinforced until harvest, thus obtaining hybridized generation F1; seeding, continuous selfing, directional seed selection and cultivation are carried out on the hybridized generation F1 by taking disease resistance, stress resistance, late blooming and high natural maturing rate as seed selection aims, thus obtaining the required amomum villosum. The cultivation method of the invention has simple process and easy control, and amomum villosum new breed having the advantages of disease resistance, stress resistance, late blooming and high maturing rate can be obtained by optimal control on seed selection factors.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant cultivation technical field, relate in particular to the cultivation of medical plant, be specifically related to a kind of breeding method of amomum viosum.
Background technology
Fructus Amomi is the ripening fruits of zingiberaceous plant amomum viosum (Amomum Villosum Lour), is one of four Da Nan medicines of China.This taste is hot, warm, returns spleen, stomach, kidney three warps, have promoting the circulation of qi and in and stomach be amusing, astringing to arrest diarrhea, it is antiabortive to regulate the flow of vital energy, fragrant eliminating dampness, the effect that wide chest is good for the stomach, its medical value is very high.
The main place of production of amomum viosum is in the curled-up dragon town curled-up dragon golden flower hole of east, suburbs in spring, Guangdong Province, and cultivation history has 600 years.For many years, government adopts a series of development of giving special care to the policy support amomum viosum, and its product yield and quality level improve constantly, and has won fame both at home and abroad with the optimum and celebrated amomum viosum of pharmaceutical quality so that cultivation history is long at present.
When fructus amomi takes big strides to develop, also bring the variation of fructus amomi ecotope and planting site microclimate, originally the amomum viosum kind of establishing in large scale because of disease-resistant, resistance is poor, problem such as yield poorly has not adapted to the requirement of production development.Therefore, utilization and wound are educated new resistance source, new germ plasm, cultivate high yield and amomum viosum new varieties disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, high-quality, are emphasis and key point that the development fructus amomi is produced.
At present, see that the amomum viosum kind that is stated from bibliographical information has long fruit No. 1, long fruit No. 2, circle fruit No. 1 and No. 2 four farmers''s cultivated forms of circle fruit; The mode of multistage selections such as cultivating method of new species often adopts that the plot is selected, selected good strains in the field for seed, ear selection and grain-by-grain seed selection is screened optimum seed.
In four kinds of amomum viosum farmers' cultivated forms, long fruit No. 1, fruit is grown up, though it is best in quality, but be the prematurity type, pollen development is bad, often misses insect pollination, also be unfavorable for artificial pollination, therefore the pollination rate is not high, influences percentage of fertile fruit, so No. 1 normal low yield of long fruit, and germplasm is disease-resistant and resistance is poor, the slim and frahile unfavorable breeding of young plant and gradually by nature or artificial selection; Circle fruit No. 1 also be the prematurity type, and the pollen development situation is with to grow fruit No. 1 similar and make pollen development bad during its early blossoming, insect pollination and artificial pollination chance are also often missed in unfavorable pollination, percentage of fertile fruit and yielding poorly, germplasm is disease-resistant and resistance is poor, gradually by nature or artificial selection; Circle fruit No. 2, the also higher and difficult pollination of column cap, pollination situation and long fruit No. 1 are similar, and percentage of fertile fruit and output are also low, gradually by nature or artificial selection; Long fruit No. 2, fruit grows up, full, blooming relatively later, is beneficial to the pollination of colored ribbon honeybee, so No. 2 pollination rates of long fruit and percentage of fertile fruit are the highest, and the disease-resistant and strong stress resistance of germplasm, young plant is strong vigorous, favourable germplasm is bred fast, and presents the high yield and high quality characteristic, is the widest main cultivated form of genuine producing region distribution in present spring, but this kind still can not solve the artificial pollination difficult problem of genuine producing region fructus amomi plantation in spring fully, is difficult to transfer local medicinal herb grower's plantation enthusiasm.
At present, obtain the method for elite seed in the mode of multistage selection, though filter out ripening rate height, disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, quality is better, output is higher No. 2 type plant of long fruit, it is long that this method obtains production operation cycle of new varieties.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of the cultivation to obtain having disease-resistant, good stress resistance, slow, natural ripening rate height of florescence, and save the method for the amomum viosum new varieties of characteristics such as labor management.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by following scheme:
A kind of breeding method of amomum viosum, this method comprises the steps:
The selection of step 1. father, female parent
The present invention is according to the biological property of existing amomum viosum kind, through researching and analysing, from a large amount of samples, picks out and is used for male parent and the female parent that usefulness is hybridized in the present invention.
Above-mentioned male parent is SEMEN AMOMI LONGILIGULA (Amomum Longiligulare T.L.Wu);
Above-mentioned female parent is No. 2 (Amomum Villosum Lour) of the long fruit of amomum viosum farmers' cultivation type, the type is the main cultivated form in the genuine producing region of current amomum viosum, it is traditional amomum viosum kind in area in spring, and is for the ease of distinguishing with the seed selection kind, that its called after is long really No. 2.
The processing of step 2. flower of female parent
Flower of female parent is carried out protected by bagging in the pregnant flower bud phase;
In open season, remove protective device, artificial emasculation.
Step 3. hybridization
It is to scrape earlier to get paternal pollen that the hybridization of this step is handled, and adopts then in the column cap of pushing method with its flower of female parent after step 2 is handled of pollinating, at last with flower of female parent protected by bagging again.
Step 4. removal of impurities flower
After the hybridization of female parent, remove unopened other flowers of this inflorescence.
Step 5. management
When young fruit appears in flower to be hybridized, remove the protected by bagging device, strengthen management,, obtain hybridizing F until results
1Generation.
Step 6. seed selection
With disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, bloom late and natural ripening rate height is a breeding goal, to hybridization F
1In generation, sowed, continuously selfing, and directive breeding, thus obtain disease-resistant, good stress resistance, bloom late, and the high amomum viosum of natural ripening rate.
In the above-mentioned steps 2, flower of female parent is morning 5～7 points in the artificial emasculation time of open season.
In the above-mentioned steps 3, the method of operating of push or pull is: clamp female stamen and big lip with thumb and forefinger (or middle finger), it is motionless that forefinger (or middle finger) touch big lip, utilizes thumb that female stamen is pushed, brosse on the flower pesticide is bonded on the big lip, and then female stamen is pulled.Wherein, shuttle route wants straight during push-and-pull, do not swing, and female stamen will be close to big lip.On firmly to weigh slightly when drawing, and gravity is placed on the head of column cap, allow column cap is tight wipes big lip, pollinia is wiped on the column cap hole, but will be avoided damaging column cap.
In the above-mentioned steps 6, breeding goal is: disease-resistant, good stress resistance, late bloom and full-bloom stage long, the florescence is 10～June 15 May, full-bloom stage is 18～May 30 May, full-bloom stage and Pollinating Insect active stage, meet, and natural ripening rate is more than 85%, 2 annual bearings behind the seed seedling-raising.
In the above-mentioned steps 6, to hybridization F
1In generation, sowed, continuous 4～6 generations of selfing, directive breeding.
Cultivation can obtain a kind of new amomum viosum kind through said method, this amomum viosum new varieties called after spring is selected No. 1, spring select have disease-resistant, good stress resistance for No. 1, the florescence late, precocity fruiting, natural ripening rate height, with short production cycle, production cost is low, and is fit to produce multiple characteristics such as popularization.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. breeding method of the present invention, its process is simple, is easy to control, and the work efficiency that adopts the push or pull pollination is than tradition fast 1 times of the method for putting on powder; By the control to several key factors such as breeding goal, castration time and pollinating methods, it is stable finally to obtain hereditary capacity, and has disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, the amomum viosum new varieties slow, the ripening rate advantages of higher of blooming;
2. adopt method of the present invention to cultivate and obtain the amomum viosum new varieties, this kind has disease-resistant and characteristics good stress resistance, in addition with respect to traditional category, this kind is bloomed late, florescence is 10～June 15 May, and full-bloom stage is 18～May 30 May, is beneficial to local insect vectors such as colored ribbon honeybee pollination, nature ripening rate height, planting process does not need artificial pollination, thereby has reduced production cost, is suitable for producing popularization;
3. compare with traditional category, adopt method of the present invention to cultivate gained amomum viosum kind, it is with short production cycle, can realize 2 annual bearings behind the amomum viosum seed seedling-raising, has shifted to an earlier date 1 year than traditional category.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is done to describe further, but specific embodiment is not done any qualification to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The amomum viosum breeding method of present embodiment comprises the steps:
The selection of step 1. father, female parent
(Amomum Longiligulare T.L.Wu) is male parent with SEMEN AMOMI LONGILIGULA;
With the long fruit of amomum viosum farmers' cultivation type No. 2 (Amomum Villosum Lour) is female parent.
The processing of step 2. flower of female parent
Flower of female parent is carried out protected by bagging in the pregnant flower bud phase;
In open season point every mornings 5, remove protective device, artificial emasculation.
Step 3. hybridization
Scrape and get paternal pollen, with the pushing method paternal pollen is pollinated in the column cap of the flower of female parent after step 2 is handled, flower of female parent protected by bagging again.
Step 4. removal of impurities flower
After the hybridization of female parent, remove unopened other flowers of this inflorescence.
Step 5. management
When young fruit appears in flower to be hybridized, remove the protected by bagging device, strengthen management,, obtain hybridizing F until results
1Generation.
Step 6. seed selection
With disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, bloom late and natural ripening rate height is a breeding goal, to hybridization F
1In generation, sowed, and continuous 4 generations of selfing, directive breeding optimizes the spring to select the amomum viosum new varieties No. 1.
Selecting No. 1 with this spring is that the parent sows gained 50 strain amomum viosum, wherein:
Full-bloom stage May 15 appearred in 2 strains in then;
Full-bloom stage May 21 appearred in 18 strains in then;
Full-bloom stage May 23 appearred in 11 strains in then;
Full-bloom stage May 25 appearred in 7 strains in then;
Full-bloom stage May 26 appearred in 9 strains in then;
Full-bloom stage May 28 appearred in 3 strains in then;
The production process of above-mentioned 50 strain amomum viosum adopts insect vector pollinations such as colored ribbon honeybee fully, and all plant were all realized the result in the 3rd year, and the plant strain growth process is not seen damage by disease and insect such as leaf spot, seedling anthracnose, fruit rot, hippelates flavipes, and natural ripening rate reaches 88.76%.
Embodiment 2
The amomum viosum breeding method of present embodiment comprises the steps:
The selection of step 1. father, female parent
(Amomum Longiligulare T.L.Wu) is male parent with SEMEN AMOMI LONGILIGULA;
With the long fruit of amomum viosum farmers' cultivation type No. 2 (Amomum Villosum Lour) is female parent.
The processing of step 2. flower of female parent
Flower of female parent is carried out protected by bagging in the pregnant flower bud phase;
In open season point every mornings 7, remove protective device, artificial emasculation.
Step 3. hybridization
Scrape and get paternal pollen, with the pushing method paternal pollen is pollinated in the column cap of the flower of female parent after step 2 is handled, flower of female parent protected by bagging again.
Step 4. removal of impurities flower
After the hybridization of female parent, remove unopened other flowers of this inflorescence.
Step 5. management
When young fruit appears in flower to be hybridized, remove the protected by bagging device, strengthen management,, obtain hybridizing F until results
1Generation.
Step 6. seed selection
With disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, bloom late and natural ripening rate height is a breeding goal, to hybridization F
1In generation, sowed, and continuous 6 generations of selfing, directive breeding optimizes the spring to select the amomum viosum new varieties No. 1.
Selecting l number with this spring is that the parent sows gained 50 strain amomum viosum, wherein:
Full-bloom stage May 23 appearred in 21 strains in then;
Full-bloom stage May 25 appearred in 17 strains in then;
Full-bloom stage May 26 appearred in 12 strains in then;
The production process of above-mentioned 50 strain amomum viosum adopts insect vector pollinations such as colored ribbon honeybee fully, and all plant were all realized the result in the 3rd year, and the plant strain growth process is not seen damage by disease and insect such as leaf spot, seedling anthracnose, fruit rot, hippelates flavipes, and natural ripening rate reaches 92.55%.
Embodiment 3
The amomum viosum breeding method of present embodiment comprises the steps:
The selection of step 1. father, female parent
(Amomum Longiligulare T.L.Wu) is male parent with SEMEN AMOMI LONGILIGULA;
With the long fruit of amomum viosum farmers' cultivation type No. 2 (Amomum Villosum Lour) is female parent.
The processing of step 2. flower of female parent
Flower of female parent is carried out protected by bagging in the pregnant flower bud phase;
In open season point every mornings 7, remove protective device, artificial emasculation.
Step 3. hybridization
Scrape and get paternal pollen, with the pushing method paternal pollen is pollinated in the column cap of the flower of female parent after step 2 is handled, flower of female parent protected by bagging again.
Step 4. removal of impurities flower
After the hybridization of female parent, remove unopened other flowers of this inflorescence.
Step 5. management
When young fruit appears in flower to be hybridized, remove the protected by bagging device, strengthen management,, obtain hybridizing F until results
1Generation.
Step 6. seed selection
With disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, bloom late and natural ripening rate height is a breeding goal, to hybridization F
1In generation, sowed, and continuous 5 generations of selfing, directive breeding optimizes the spring to select the amomum viosum new varieties No. 1.
Selecting No. 1 with this spring is that the parent sows gained 50 strain amomum viosum, wherein:
Full-bloom stage May 22 appearred in 9 strains in then;
Full-bloom stage May 23 appearred in 13 strains in then;
Full-bloom stage May 25 appearred in 18 strains in then;
Full-bloom stage May 26 appearred in 6 strains in then;
Full-bloom stage May 28 appearred in 4 strains in then;
The production process of above-mentioned 50 strain amomum viosum adopts insect vector pollinations such as colored ribbon honeybee fully, and all plant were all realized the result in the 3rd year, and the plant strain growth process is not seen damage by disease and insect such as leaf spot, seedling anthracnose, fruit rot, hippelates flavipes, and natural ripening rate reaches 90.04%.
Claims (5)
1. the breeding method of an amomum viosum is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
Step 1.
With the SEMEN AMOMI LONGILIGULA is male parent, is female parent No. 2 with the long fruit of amomum viosum farmers' cultivation type;
Step 2.
Flower of female parent is carried out protected by bagging in the pregnant flower bud phase;
In open season, remove protective device, artificial emasculation;
Step 3.
Scrape and get paternal pollen, paternal pollen is pollinated in the column cap of the flower of female parent after step 2 is handled, flower of female parent protected by bagging again;
Step 4.
After the hybridization of female parent, remove unopened other flowers of this inflorescence;
Step 5.
When young fruit appears in flower to be hybridized, remove the protected by bagging device, strengthen management, obtain hybridizing F until results
1Generation;
Step 6.
With disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, bloom late and natural ripening rate height is a breeding goal, to hybridization F
1In generation, sowed, selfing continuously, and directive breeding is cultivated and is obtained required amomum viosum.
2. according to the described breeding method of claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described step 2 that flower of female parent is morning 5～7 points in the artificial emasculation time of open season.
3. according to the described breeding method of claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described step 3 that paternal pollen being invested in the column cap of flower of female parent is to adopt the pollination of pushing method.
4. according to the described breeding method of claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described step 6, breeding goal is: disease-resistant, good stress resistance, late bloom and full-bloom stage long, florescence is 10～June 15 May, full-bloom stage is 18～May 30 May, full-bloom stage and Pollinating Insect active stage, meet, and natural ripening rate is more than 85%, 2 annual bearings behind the seed seedling-raising.
5. according to the described breeding method of claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described step 6, hybridization F
1In generation, sowed, continuous 4～6 generations of selfing, directive breeding.
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| CN2009101939270A CN101697707B (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2009-11-13 | Method for cultivating amomum villosum |
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| CN2009101939270A CN101697707B (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2009-11-13 | Method for cultivating amomum villosum |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103416293A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-12-04 | 林美珍 | Method for improving pollination rate or yield of fructus amomi |
| CN106258944A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-04 | 陈念枢 | The pollinating method of a kind of Fructus Amomi and cultural method |
| CN110506628A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-11-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of Fructus Amomi liquid pollination method |
| CN111512957A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | 石相怡 | Pollination method for increasing yield of fructus amomi |
| CN114208604A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-22 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Intelligence-promoting cross breeding method |
-
2009
- 2009-11-13 CN CN2009101939270A patent/CN101697707B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103416293A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-12-04 | 林美珍 | Method for improving pollination rate or yield of fructus amomi |
| CN103416293B (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-11-26 | 林美珍 | Method for improving pollination rate or yield of fructus amomi |
| CN106258944A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-04 | 陈念枢 | The pollinating method of a kind of Fructus Amomi and cultural method |
| CN110506628A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-11-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of Fructus Amomi liquid pollination method |
| CN111512957A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | 石相怡 | Pollination method for increasing yield of fructus amomi |
| CN114208604A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-22 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Intelligence-promoting cross breeding method |
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