CN107532105B - 机油共混物和通过改变钢的塑性响应而降低钢材磨损和消除机油中的zddp的方法 - Google Patents

机油共混物和通过改变钢的塑性响应而降低钢材磨损和消除机油中的zddp的方法 Download PDF

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CN107532105B
CN107532105B CN201680007483.5A CN201680007483A CN107532105B CN 107532105 B CN107532105 B CN 107532105B CN 201680007483 A CN201680007483 A CN 201680007483A CN 107532105 B CN107532105 B CN 107532105B
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R·J·斯隆
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Abstract

用于适当润滑发动机部件并有利地改变所述发动机部件的塑性响应的环境改善的机油共混物及相关方法，所述共混物不含有二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)和二硫代磷酸锌(ZDTP)，其包含：选自于由I类、II类、III类、IV类和V类机油所组成的机油组中的机油；包含α‑烯烃和加氢异构化的氢化处理的重度加氢裂化基础油的机油添加剂；从机油的化学组分中省略掉的ZDDP；和从机油的化学组分中省略掉的ZDTP。

Description

机油共混物和通过改变钢的塑性响应而降低钢材磨损和消除 机油中的ZDDP的方法
相关申请的交叉索引
本申请要求享有2015年4月29日提交的待决US申请14/699,924的优先权，该申请又要求享有于2015年1月29日提交的待决临时申请US 62/109,172的权益。该申请还要求享有2016年1月28日提交的待决临时申请US 62/287,942的权益。上述内容通过引用整体并入本申请。
背景技术
本发明的领域涉及用于显著降低钢-钢磨损，并同时消除对机油中对作为抗磨损组分的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)的需要的最新技术。本发明的组合物已被证明可以改变钢的塑性响应，同时对由于摩擦而磨损的表面的化学反应性产生积极的影响。具体而言，基于US 62/109,172中所详述的摩擦学试验，发动机盘的磨损轨迹的光谱分析显示，未检测到可能来自所述油中的ZDDP的化学元素如P、S、Mn、Zn。这表明该组合物抑制了ZDDP的反应，并使其在降低磨损方面不再是必须的。
这是重要的，因为目前多个州和国家有消除或显著降低对机油中ZDDP的需求的运动。美国环保人士游说州和联邦各部门立法这样的禁令。不幸的是，政府一直不愿意发布或执行这种禁令，直到可以得到具有成本效益的替代品，其可以具有与ZDDP相同或更好的抗磨损性能的结果，同时消除对ZDDP本身的需求。
事实上，在目前使用的机油中普遍添加有两种类型的硫代磷酸锌：二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP-proper)和/或二硫代磷酸锌(通常缩写为ZDTP)。除非另有说明，当在本公开中使用缩写ZDDP时，其是指它们中的任一个，有或没有二烷基。具体而言，本发明的组合物不再需要任何ZDDP-proper或ZDTP用于机油中。
汽车工业在早期更简单。发动机轴承由软锡/铜/锑合金制成，通常称为巴氏合金(babbitt)。这种合金在化学上相对惰性，并且具有吸收少量外来颗粒物质的能力。但是，随着发动机功率的增加，巴氏合金表面被证明不足以承受在这些表面上的负载的增加。
因此，出现了对较硬轴承的需求，并且开发了新型镉/银、镉/镍、和铜/铅结构的轴承。这种轴承要强得多，但不像巴氏合金那样具有化学惰性，可能被因油氧化所产生的酸所侵蚀。这些新的轴承不能将诸如碳、砂砾和磨损杂质等异物吸收到轴承材料中，因此改进了的油过滤并将其用于车辆中以降低过早磨损。
此外，开发了轴承腐蚀抑制剂、抗磨剂和酸抑制剂化合物以保护这些新的轴承。需要保护轴承免受腐蚀和机械磨损，许多这些化合物都具有这两种功能。针对诸如硫化精油、有机磷酸盐、二硫代碳酸盐和二硫代磷酸盐的化合物进行了实验以降低过早的磨损。在1941年，Lubrizol开发了作为ZDDP最常用形式的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌，并将其引入到市场。
最初，ZDDP以小于0.3体积％的低浓度被添加到机油中作为轴承钝化剂，其定义为处理或涂覆金属以降低其表面的化学反应性。另外，还发现ZDDP是非常有效的抗磨损剂；一种用于诸如凸轮轴和气门挺杆或挺杆的重载钢-钢滑动机制的真正极端压力(EP)的添加剂。在这些年中，关于ZDDP对环境的影响几乎没有任何关注。
多年来，这些ZDDP添加剂一直提供了足够的耐磨损服务，从早期的汽油和柴油非洗涤剂机油开始，直到现在为止。半个多世纪以前的柴油发动机通常以较低的速度运行并且构造更加厚重，其并没有表现出同样的磨损问题。但在汽油发动机中，由于发动机转速较高，气门机构受应力更大，这些添加剂在减少磨损方面起到过并持续起着重要的作用。
目前和以前的机油依赖于使用ZDDP作为防止轴承表面之间和因钢-钢接触而造成的过早磨损的手段。特别是鉴于ZDDP对环境的不利影响，希望可以得到一种替代添加剂，其可以消除对ZDDP的需求，该添加剂同时还为发动机部件提供相同水平以及甚至更好的保护。
在授权给Ronald J.Sloan并转让给BestLine International Research Inc.(BestLine)的几项美国和外国专利中的第一项的美国专利7,745,382中(其也是本申请的发明人和受让人)，公开了包含聚合α-烯烃(PAO)、加氢异构化的氢化处理的重度(severe)加氢裂化的基础油、和合成磺酸盐的合成润滑添加剂可以提供更好的发动机润滑并减少发动机磨损，实际上PAO和所述基础油可以是可用于包括但不限于汽车应用的许多不同情况下的广泛润滑剂的基础组分，并适用于许多不同的材料，包括但不限于钢。这包括柴油燃料添加剂(US 8,062,388等)、汽油添加剂(US 7,931,704等)、通用润滑剂(US 8,022,020等)、船用润滑剂(US 8,334,244等)、和甚至高尔夫球俱乐部清洁剂(US 8,071,522等)。
但直到US 62/109,172中详述的摩擦学测试，才完全理解BestLine的合成润滑添加剂有效性的摩擦学机制。该测试确定了PAO、基础油和(任选的)合成磺酸盐组合物不仅能增强润滑性，而且还发现该组合物改变所研究的钢的塑性响应并影响磨损表面的化学反应性。特别是如上所述由于当将该组合物添加到具有ZDDP的发动机油中时未检测到诸如P、S、Mn、Zn的元素，这意味着这种组合物抑制了ZDDP的反应，并使得若将PAO和基础油用作替代品，则无需使用ZDDP来减少磨损。
因此，只是基于对US 62/109,172中首次公开内容的新理解，可以考虑将该PAO、基础油和任选存在的合成磺酸盐的组合物添加到机油中，同时将所有的ZDDP和/或ZDTP从这些非常相同的机油中去除。因此，将该PAO、基础油、磺酸盐组合物加入到机油中并同时去除所有形式的ZDDP不仅通过优异的润滑性降低了发动机磨损，还有利地改变了其润滑的所有钢元件的塑性响应，并同时解决了重要的环境问题。
改善机油同时去除由ZDDP和ZDTP引起的环境危害的该组合物的使用适用于美国石油学会(American Petroleum Institute，API)所定义的所有五组机油。该API分类在此通过引用并入本公开及其相关权利要求。具体而言，http://www.api.org/～/media/ files/certification/engine-oil-diesel/publications/appendix-e-rev-09-01- 11.pdf？la＝en的2011年9月的API标准详细说明如下：
“所有的基础油料(base stock)分为五大类”
a.使用表E-1中说明的测试方法，I类基础油料含有小于90％的饱和物和/或大于0.03％的硫，且粘度指数大于或等于80且小于120。
b.使用表E-1中说明的测试方法，II类基础油料含有大于等于90％的饱和物和小于或等于0.03％的硫，且粘度指数大于或等于80且小于120。
c.使用表E-1中说明的测试方法，III类基础油料含有大于或等于90％的饱和物和小于或等于0.03％的硫，且粘度指数大于或等于120。
d.IV类基础油料是聚α-烯烃(PAO)。PAO可互换而无需额外的资格测试，只要PAO的互换满足原始PAO生产商的物理和化学性质规格。替代的油料需满足下述关键性质：
1)100℃、40℃、和-40℃下的动力学粘度
2)粘度指数
3)NOACK挥发度
4)倾点
5)不饱和物
e.V类基础油料包括所有不包括在I、II、III、或IV类中的其它基础油料。
发明内容
一种用于改变钢的塑性响应的添加剂和相关方法，所述添加剂包括：聚合的α-烯烃；加氢异构化的氢化处理的重度的加氢裂化基础油；和任选存在的合成磺酸盐。US 62/109,172以及本发明中详述的摩擦学研究得出以下结论：(1)该添加剂将碳钢盘的磨损显著降低至在没有添加剂的纯油中观察到的磨损的6％；(2)所述添加剂对摩擦没有明显影响，除了摩擦系数的时间稳定性稍微好一些；(3)所述添加剂似乎可抑制ZDDP的反应，使得ZDDP对于降低磨损而言不是必须的。这建议所述添加剂可替代机油中的ZDDP；和(4)发现所述添加剂改变了所研究的钢的塑性响应并影响磨损表面的化学反应性。虽然没有进行测试来确定摩擦系数，因为这会在以后进行建立，但前面的测试支持摩擦的降低。
本发明是用于合成润滑添加剂的，所述添加剂可以以各种比率添加以提供对钢-钢磨损或轴承和钢表面之间的所需保护，以及制造该添加剂的相关方法及其相关使用方法。此外，该添加剂可以添加到合成机油、合成共混机油和非合成机油(I至V类中的所有机油)中，为它们提供当今高速和低速汽油和柴油机油所需的抗磨损保护。此外，本发明允许钢在极端压力下屈服或对塑性变形发生响应而不会发生金属表面的断裂。
所述添加剂结合使用聚合的α-烯烃(PAO)；加氢异构化的氢化处理的重度加氢裂化基础油；和任选存在的合成磺酸盐。此外，可以任选使用真空蒸馏的非芳族溶剂和液化的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)，当以特定顺序组合成添加剂时，其形成了超越ZDDP的金属保护能力和优点的成品，同时提供了环境友好的替代物。此外，该产品提供对钢-钢接触的保护，同时积极地影响磨损的金属表面的化学反应性。此外，在待决的临时申请US 62/109,172中所报道的独立测试中的该产品已经证明了能够改变放置在极端压力下的钢的塑性响应的能力。
如前所述，当在特定条件下以非常特定的顺序共混时，该添加剂的成分可以提供一种润滑剂，其已经显示出在机油中替代对ZDDP作为抗磨剂的需求的能力。所述共混是精确控制的剪切和所述共混物匀质化的组合，其导致长期稳定的共混物。一旦以特定的顺序共混，则简单的纯化或物理分离如蒸馏或冷冻将不会以例如通过化学反应从原油制备合成III类和IV类基础油的方式构成为合成的一部分。
所述成品是下述成分的组合：
·聚合的α-烯烃
·加氢异构化的氢化处理的重度加氢裂化基础油
·任选存在的合成磺酸盐
·任选存在的真空蒸馏的非芳族溶剂(小于0.5％芳香化合物)
·任选存在的包含稳定的水性分配物(disbursement)的液化的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)
合成润滑剂已经成功使用了一段时间。它们能够提供非常高的粘度指数、低挥发性、优异的抗氧化性、高的热稳定性、优异的温度流动性和对环境的低毒性。成品润滑剂中的这些特性在现代高速和高功率发动机中非常重要。此外，这些特性有利于较小环境毒性的长期目标，同时为汽车部件提供最大的保护。
这种合成润滑剂在测试时已经证明能够提供和超过目前由在机油中包含ZDDP时所提供的抗磨损保护。所述合成润滑剂可以在汽车、柴油和船用机油中提供必要的抗磨损性，但没有ZDDP对环境的影响。其可以与所有的I、II、III、IV类和类别基础油共混并有效。
在其优选实施方案中，本文公开了一种环境改进的机油共混物和用于适当润滑发动机部件并有利地改变发动机部件的塑性响应的相关方法，所述共混物不含二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)且不含二硫代磷酸锌(ZDTP)，其包含：选自于由I类、II类、III类、IV类和V类机油所组成的机油组中的机油；包含α-烯烃和加氢异构化氢化处理的重度加氢裂化基础油的机油添加剂；从机油的化学成分中省略掉的ZDDP；和从机油的化学成分中省略掉的ZDTP。
详细说明
该添加剂的各组分的优选共混比例如下所示。重要的是，要保持以下百分比的组分共混：
聚合的α-烯烃(PAO)：优选其含量为20-60体积％。最优选其含量为约55体积％。尽管PAO为优选，但也可使用未聚合的α-烯烃(AO)。还可使用现代的茂金属聚α-烯烃(mPAO)，其粘度指数高于常规PAO的。
加氢异构化的高粘度指数(VI)的氢化处理(HT)的重度加氢裂化基础油：优选其占5-55体积％。更优选其占7-25体积％。最优选其占约21体积％。优选但不是必须的，这些基础油的粘度等级为32。也可以将饱和烃、加工油和液压油用作这种基础油。
合成磺酸盐：尽管是任选的成分，但它们是优选的。优选在使用时其含量为0.05-10体积％。最优选其含量为约3体积％。优选这些合成磺酸盐包含200-600的总碱值(TBN)。最优选其包含300TBN。也可以使用触变性磺酸钙。
真空蒸馏的低粘度和低芳香溶剂：通常称为脂肪族或矿物油，它们是任选成分。优选当使用时，其含量为10-40体积％。最优选其含量为约21.5体积％。低芳族化合物的范围优选小于0.5％芳族化合物。优选这些溶剂具有由加利福尼亚空气资源委员会(CaliforniaAir Resources Board)所定义的VOC豁免，包括那些“由于其在大气中的低反应性而不曾期望地对臭氧形成具有有意义的贡献”。预期的低粘度是在40C mm2/s(ASTM D 445)的大致范围，粘度在25℃下为cSt 2.60，且粘度在40℃下为cSt 1.98(ASTM D 445)。
液化的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)：这是一种任选成分。当使用时，优选其含量为0.001-10体积％。最优选其含量为约0.45体积％。所述PTFE应被液化以避免团聚，优选包含PTFE颗粒在水或油中的稳定的水性分散体。如果使用油，则优选使用150溶剂的中性石油或大致相当的油。
下面描述用于共混这些组分以制备该机油添加剂的优选方法。
首先，将α-烯烃和基础油共混直至液体为相容合的(consistent)混合物，不出现任何分离的外观，从而得到第一共混物。共混是基于搅拌器的速度，且温度将决定所述共混完成的时间。共混时间的范围可能在4-6小时之间变化。每个组分的最佳共混的理想温度都是22-30摄氏度。
此外，将所述真空蒸馏的非芳族溶剂和合成磺酸盐共混在一起以得到第二共混物。该第二共混物可以在小得多、高速、封闭的共混器中制备。然后将该第二共混物加入到第一共混物中。
如果使用PTFE，则将第一和第二共混物最终与PTFE共混在一起。
如果使用低芳香的脂肪族溶剂，则将第一和第二共混物与额外的低芳香脂肪族溶剂共混以产生第三共混物。然后，如果使用PTFE，则将所有上述所有物质一起与PTFE共混。
当使用时，优选磺酸钙与脂肪或矿物油的比例是约25％/75％。
将该第三共混物或没有合成磺酸盐的单独的矿物油，与其余的成分一起添加到第一共混物中，运行搅拌器直至所述组分看起来充分共混成相容合的液体。共混后，将产物用高速剪切泵剪切直至所述产物品具有相容合性。当各组分的比重具有显著差异时，该剪切提供了表现出牛顿行为的稳定的流动粘度，并大大提高了保质期。
在该方法中优选使用的共混设备如下：该方法涉及数个共混和储存罐，在其中可以称重产物，然后通过控制阀泵送以保持相容合的流量和压力。所述共混应在封闭的罐中进行，以减少产物的蒸发损失并防止暴露于火花中。共混设备可以是高速或低速共混装置的组合。罐的尺寸或体积对于共混来说不是关键的。剪切设备应具有每秒60-5200转的转速，典型速度为每秒3600转，并且能够制备具有可提供液体悬浮体和分散体的油成分的产物的稳定乳液而不用充气。
然后，将该发动机添加剂与选自于由I类、II类、III类、IV类和V类机油所组成的机油组中的机油组合，不使用ZDDP的ZDDP，从而提供环境改善的机油共混物，用于适当地润滑发动机的部件，并有利地改变发动机部件的塑性响应。优选的共混比例是85-95体积％的机油、5-15体积％的机油添加剂。
为了制造所述机油共混物，将所述机油和所述添加剂组合在一起，然后在包装前将该组合简单地用高速共混机混合。鉴于机油和添加剂的化学特性，之后当所述包装的共混物保持在架子上时，应有最小程度的分离或没有分离，即，所述共混物在被用户倒入发动机之前，无论所述机油共混物的保质期可能是多少，其都应保持均质化。
虽然不是优选的使用模式，但是可以使用没有ZDDP和ZDTP的机油，并将其与润滑剂分别引入发动机中。然而，在这种情况下，用户需要注意保持85-95体积％机油和5-15体积％机油添加剂的最佳混合。优选使用已经以所需比例组合的共混物，因为这样用户就不需要关心将机油与添加剂的比例保持在所需范围内，并消除了用户出错的可能性。
参照本发明背景技术部分所列出的API特性，根据不含ZDDP或ZDTP的主体机油的粘度，机油与润滑剂的总体组合可具有以下特征：1)对于某些选定的温度：100℃，动力学粘度为1.7至102.0；40℃，动力学粘度为5.4至1350；-40℃；动力学粘度为2,704至35,509。2)粘度指数：90-200。3)NOACK挥发度为0.6至99.5。4)倾点高达-20至-61C。同样，这些范围取决于主体机油的粘度。最后，5)POA(或AO或mPAO)基质的PAO不饱和物粘度等级应为PAO-2至PAO-100。
通常，对于机油共混物，PAO-2至PAO-10的范围是足够的。然而，对于其中希望除去对环境不良的化学品如ZDDP和ZDTP并用本公开的α-烯烃和基础油添加剂代替它们的其它润滑应用，鉴于US 62/109,172中公开的关于该添加剂是如何有利地改变塑性响应并影响化学反应性的理解，人们可能会发现，对于其它润滑应用，使用高达并包括PAO-100的较高范围的α-烯烃是合乎需要的，如下文所述。
具体而言，这里还要理解和公开的是，α-烯烃与加氢异构化氢化处理的重度加氢裂化基础油的基础组合可以用作环境不良化学品的替代品，不仅在机油中，也在其它润滑/抗磨损剂和应用中，包括但不限于：
·齿轮油
·自动变速器液
·液压油
·润滑脂
·涡轮机油和液
·金属加工油
·链条润滑剂
·压缩机润滑剂
·输送机润滑油
·造纸机油
·模板油
·导槽油(way oil)
·钻井油
·绘图和印油
·杆油
·2循环油
·蒸汽油
在这种广泛的环境中省略掉被广泛认为是提供适当润滑和防止磨损所必不可少的、环境不良的化学品的能力，由US 62/109,172的公开内容可知，这种α-烯烃与加氢异构化氢化处理的重度加氢裂化基础油的这种基础组合改变了钢的塑性响应，并改变了由于摩擦而磨损的表面的化学反应性，从而在磨损轨迹的光谱分析下未检测到这些环境不良的化学物质。因此，虽然本公开的一个非常重要的应用是机油，因为这些油具有广泛的使用以及这些油的重大环境影响，还应当理解同样有利的塑性响应的改变和化学反应性的变化也可以发生在许多其它应用中，这使得本公开内容也可有效地应用于那些其它应用，特别是从流体、润滑剂和油中去除广泛被认为是适当润滑和抗磨损保护所必需的、环境不良的化学品。
在本公开的时间，本领域普通技术人员所拥有的知识，包括但不限于本申请所披露的现有技术应理解为本公开的一部分，并通过引用被完全地并入本文，即使因为经济利益，在本公开中省略了关于普通技术人员所理解的具体知识的表述。虽然在本公开中可以参考包括多个元素组合的本发明，但还应当理解，本发明被认为包括省略掉或排除这些元素中的一个或多个的组合，即使这种元素的省略或排除在本文中没有明确表述，除非在此明确表述了所述元素对申请人的组合是必需的且不能被省略。还应当理解，相关的现有技术可以包括本发明可通过负面的权利要求限制来区分的元素，即使在此没有对这种负面的限制进行任何明确的表述。应当理解，在本文明确表述的申请人发明的正面声明和被并入本文中的现有技术及普通技术人员的现有技术知识(即使因为经济原因没有在此重复表述)之间，任何及所有这些由现有技术所支持的负面的权利要求限制也都被认为是在本公开及其相关权利要求的范围内，即使在本文中没有关于任何特定负面权利要求限制的任何明确表述。
最后，虽然已经举例说明和描述了本发明的仅某些优选特征，但是本领域技术人员可想到许多修改、变化和替换。因此，应当理解的是，所附权利要求旨在覆盖落入本发明的真正精神内的所有这些修改和变化。

Claims (27)

1.用于适当润滑发动机部件并有利地改变所述发动机部件的塑性响应的环境改善的机油共混物，所述共混物不含有二烷基二硫代磷酸锌ZDDP，并且不含有二硫代磷酸锌ZDTP，其包含：
选自于由I类、II类、III类、IV类和V类机油所组成的机油组中的机油；
包含α-烯烃和加氢异构化的氢化处理的重度加氢裂化基础油的机油添加剂；
从所述机油的化学组分中省略掉ZDDP；
从所述机油的化学组分中省略掉ZDTP；
从所述机油添加剂的化学组分中省略掉ZDDP；和
从所述机油添加剂的化学组分中省略掉ZDTP。
2.权利要求1的机油共混物，其还包含：
85-95体积％的所述机油；和
5-15体积％的所述机油添加剂。
3.权利要求1的机油共混物，所述机油添加剂还包含合成磺酸盐。
4.权利要求3的机油共混物，所述合成磺酸盐包括触变性的磺酸钙。
5.权利要求1的机油共混物，所述α-烯烃包含聚合的α-烯烃。
6.权利要求5的机油共混物，所述聚合的α-烯烃包含茂金属聚合的α-烯烃。
7.权利要求1的机油共混物，所述机油添加剂还包含真空蒸馏的非芳族溶剂。
8.权利要求1的机油共混物，所述机油添加剂还包含液化的聚四氟乙烯PTFE。
9.制备用于适当润滑发动机部件并有利地改变所述发动机部件的塑性响应的环境改善的机油共混物的方法，所述共混物不含有二烷基二硫代磷酸锌ZDDP，并且不含有二硫代磷酸锌ZDTP，其包括：
提供选自于由I类、II类、III类、IV类和V类机油所组成的机油组中的机油；
从所述机油的化学组分中省略掉ZDDP；和
从所述机油的化学组分中省略掉ZDTP；和
将包含α-烯烃和加氢异构化的氢化处理的重度加氢裂化基础油的机油添加剂与所述机油组合以得到所述机油共混物；
从所述机油添加剂的化学组分中省略掉ZDDP；和
从所述机油添加剂的化学组分中省略掉ZDTP。
10.权利要求9的方法，其还包括将5-15体积％的所述机油添加剂与85-95体积％的所述机油组合。
11.权利要求9的方法，所述机油添加剂还包含合成磺酸盐。
12.权利要求11的方法，所述合成磺酸盐包含触变性磺酸钙。
13.权利要求9的方法，所述α-烯烃包含聚合的α-烯烃。
14.权利要求13的方法，所述聚合的α-烯烃包含茂金属聚合的α-烯烃。
15.权利要求9的方法，所述机油添加剂还包含真空蒸馏的非芳族溶剂。
16.权利要求9的方法，所述机油添加剂还包含液化的聚四氟乙烯PTFE。
17.权利要求9的方法，其还包括：
将所述α-烯烃与所述基础油共混以制备第一共混物；
将非芳族溶剂与合成磺酸盐共混以制备第二共混物；和
将所述第一和第二共混物与液化的聚四氟乙烯PTFE共混。
18.权利要求17的方法，其还包括将5-15体积％的所述机油添加剂与85-95体积％的所述机油组合。
19.权利要求9的方法，其还包括：
将所述α-烯烃与所述基础油共混以制备第一共混物；
将非芳族溶剂与合成磺酸盐共混以制备第二共混物；
将所述第一和第二共混物与额外的低芳香的脂族溶剂共混以制备第三共混物；和
将所述第一、第二和第三共混物与液化的聚四氟乙烯PTFE共混。
20.不用二烷基二硫代磷酸锌ZDDP和二硫代磷酸锌ZDTP、润滑发动机及其部件的方法，其包括向所述发动机中引入：
选自于由I类、II类、III类、IV类和V类机油所组成的机油组中的机油，所述机油从其化学组分中省略掉ZDDP，并且所述机油从其化学组分中省略掉ZDTP；
包含聚合的α-烯烃和加氢异构化的氢化处理的重度加氢裂化基础油的机油添加剂；所述机油添加剂从其化学组分中省略掉ZDDP，并且所述机油添加剂从其化学组分中省略掉ZDTP，因此：
所述聚合的α-烯烃和所述基础油的组合适当地润滑所述发动机部件，并有利地改变发动机部件的塑性响应；并且
所述ZDDP和ZDTP的省略也有利于影响环境。
21.权利要求20的方法，其还包括向发动机中引入5-15体积％的所述机油添加剂和85-95体积％的所述机油。
22.权利要求20的方法，所述机油添加剂还包含合成磺酸盐。
23.权利要求22的方法，所述合成磺酸盐包含触变性磺酸钙。
24.权利要求20的方法，所述α-烯烃包含聚合的α-烯烃。
25.权利要求24的方法，所述聚合的α-烯烃包含茂金属聚合的α-烯烃。
26.权利要求20的机油共混物，所述机油添加剂还包含真空蒸馏的非芳族溶剂。
27.权利要求20的机油共混物，机油添加剂还包含液化的聚四氟乙烯PTFE。
CN201680007483.5A 2015-01-29 2016-01-28 机油共混物和通过改变钢的塑性响应而降低钢材磨损和消除机油中的zddp的方法 Active CN107532105B (zh)

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