CN106047453A - 一种合成油基高抗磨润滑油 - Google Patents
一种合成油基高抗磨润滑油 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种合成油基高抗磨润滑油,按质量份数计,各组份配比为:基础油1200~1560份;添加剂91~112份石墨10~45份;膨润土10~30份;偶联剂10~30份;其中所述基础油为合成油;所述添加剂中含有金刚石纳米颗粒。本发明配方中含有少量石墨,还含有少量膨润土,尤其是本发明的添加剂中引入了含氮基团,各组分协同作用使得其具有一定的分散性能,能有效改善润滑油中石蜡结晶的形状和大小,从而具有更佳的降凝效果。此外基础油为合成油,通过加入金刚石纳米颗粒和各组分协同作用,能保持低温使用,且保持较好的抗磨性,大大的提高了合成油作为基础油的润滑油的应用范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于精细化学品技术领域,具体涉及一种润滑油。
背景技术
润滑油是用在各种类型汽车、机械设备上以减少摩擦,保护机械及加工件的液体或半固体润滑剂,主要起润滑、辅助冷却、防锈、清洁、密封和缓冲等作用。润滑油产品通常要在很低的环境温度下使用,特别是在冬季及冷车状态下,因此要求使用的润滑油具有良好的低温流动性能,这样不仅有利于机器的正常启动运行,还可以降低机器在启动过程中的磨损。
然而在低温下,润滑油基础油中的晶体结晶析出,形成三维网络状结构而失去流动性。为了保持油品的低温流动性,有两种途径,一是对基础油深度脱蜡,可以得到低倾点的润滑油,但有损油品的质量;二是通常向润滑油油品中添加少量的降凝剂,就可以显著的改善油品中蜡晶形态和结构,从而降低凝固点。一般降凝剂的烷基侧链采用不同碳数的单体共聚,调整其平均侧链碳数以适应不同的润滑油基础油。然而,这些降凝剂大部分采用相对分子质量较大的单酯或聚酯。单酯或聚酯的降凝剂对于合成油基的普通润滑油有明显的降凝作用,但极易带来其凝点的升高和抗磨损性能的下降。因此如何提高合成油基润滑油的耐低温性能,并保持较好的抗磨性能,是本领域亟待研究和解决的问题。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供了一种耐低温的润滑油,并且提供了其中添加剂的制备方法。
技术方案:本发明提供了一种合成油基高抗磨润滑油,按质量份数计,各组份配比为:
其中所述基础油为合成油;所述添加剂中含有金刚石纳米颗粒。
优选的,所述偶联剂为单烷基钛酸酯。
本发明所采用的添加剂较为特殊,所述的添加剂其原料包括:白油、富马酸酯混合物、醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯基吡咯烷酮和金刚石纳米颗粒;按质量份数计,配比为45~50份白油、30~40份富马酸酯混合物、10~12份醋酸乙烯酯、3~5份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和3~5份金刚石纳米颗粒。
进一步优选的,所述的富马酸酯混合物中各组分的配比为:5~6份富马酸癸酯,12~15份富马松香季戍四醇酯,13~19份富马酸二甲酯。
上述的添加剂通过如下方法得到:将45~50份白油与5~6份富马酸癸酯,12~15份富马松香季戍四醇酯,13~19份富马酸二甲酯混合,再加入10~12份醋酸乙烯酯,3~5份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和3~5份金刚石纳米颗粒,缓慢升高温度至45~55℃,剧烈搅拌2~3小时,再加入0.1~0.2份过氧化苯甲酰,继续搅拌2~3小时,降温,得到添加剂。
进一步优选的,上述制备过程中,加入过氧化苯甲酰后,控制搅拌速度,使其温度自然保持在70~75℃。
有益效果:本发明配方中含有少量石墨,还含有少量膨润土,尤其是本发明的添加剂中引入了含氮基团,各组分协同作用使得其具有一定的分散性能,能有效改善润滑油中石蜡结晶的形状和大小,从而具有更佳的降凝效果。同时,与常规润滑油相比,省去了分散剂。
此外,本发明的基础油为合成油,通过加入金刚石纳米颗粒和各组分协同作用,不仅能保持低温使用,且使得在低温下使用的润滑油保持较好的抗磨性,制得的润滑油成品具有良好的摩擦学性能,极压性能也得到大幅提升,大大的提高了合成油作为基础油的润滑油的应用范围,同时由于其可以生物降解而迅速的降低环境污染,与常规的润滑油相比,具有较大的优势。
具体实施方式:
实施例1
合成油基高抗磨润滑油,其组份及含量按照质量份数为:
其中添加剂原料按照质量份数包括:45份白油、30份富马酸酯混合物、10份醋酸乙烯酯、3份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和3份金刚石纳米颗粒。
其中富马酸酯混合物中各组分按照质量份数的配比为:5份富马酸癸酯,12份富马松香季戍四醇酯,13份富马酸二甲酯。
其中添加剂的制备方法为:将45份白油与5份富马酸癸酯,12份富马松香季戍四醇酯,13份富马酸二甲酯混合,再加入10份醋酸乙烯酯,3份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和3份金刚石纳米颗粒,缓慢升高温度至45℃,剧烈搅拌2小时,再加入0.1份过氧化苯甲酰,控制搅拌速度,使其温度自然保持在70℃,继续搅拌2小时,降温,得到添加剂,所得添加剂平均分子量47000。
实施例2
合成油基高抗磨润滑油,其组份及含量按照质量份数为:
其中添加剂原料按照质量份数包括:50份白油、40份富马酸酯混合物、12份醋酸乙烯酯、5份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和5份金刚石纳米颗粒。
其中富马酸酯混合物中各组分按照质量份数的配比为:6份富马酸癸酯,15份富马松香季戍四醇酯,19份富马酸二甲酯。
其中添加剂的制备方法为:将50份白油与6份富马酸癸酯,15份富马松香季戍四醇酯,19份富马酸二甲酯混合,再加入12份醋酸乙烯酯,5份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和5份金刚石纳米颗粒,缓慢升高温度至55℃,剧烈搅拌3小时,再加入0.2份过氧化苯甲酰,控制搅拌速度,使其温度自然保持在75℃,继续搅拌3小时,降温,得到添加剂,所得添加剂平均分子量49000。
实施例3
合成油基高抗磨润滑油,其组份及含量按照质量份数为:
其中添加剂原料按照质量份数包括:48份白油、35份富马酸酯混合物、11份醋酸乙烯酯、4份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和4份金刚石纳米颗粒。
其中富马酸酯混合物中各组分按照质量份数的配比为:6份富马酸癸酯,13份富马松香季戍四醇酯,16份富马酸二甲酯。
其中添加剂的制备方法为:将48份白油与6份富马酸癸酯,13份富马松香季戍四醇酯,16份富马酸二甲酯混合,再加入11份醋酸乙烯酯,4份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和4份金刚石纳米颗粒,缓慢升高温度至50℃,剧烈搅拌2~3小时,再加入0.15份过氧化苯甲酰,控制搅拌速度,使其温度自然保持在75℃,继续搅拌2.5小时,降温,得到添加剂,所得添加剂平均分子量51000。
实施例4
合成油基高抗磨润滑油,其组份及含量按照质量份数为:
其中添加剂原料按照质量份数包括:46份白油、32份富马酸酯混合物、10份醋酸乙烯酯、3份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和4份金刚石纳米颗粒。
其中富马酸酯混合物中各组分按照质量份数的配比为:5份富马酸癸酯,13份富马松香季戍四醇酯,14份富马酸二甲酯。
其中添加剂的制备方法为:将46份白油与5份富马酸癸酯,13份富马松香季戍四醇酯,14份富马酸二甲酯混合,再加入10份醋酸乙烯酯,3份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和4份金刚石纳米颗粒,缓慢升高温度至45℃,剧烈搅拌2小时,再加入0.15份过氧化苯甲酰,控制搅拌速度,使其温度自然保持在72℃,继续搅拌2小时,降温,得到添加剂,所得添加剂平均分子量49500。
实施例5
合成油基高抗磨润滑油,其组份及含量按照质量份数为:
其中添加剂原料按照质量份数包括:49份白油、38份富马酸酯混合物、12份醋酸乙烯酯、4份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和5份金刚石纳米颗粒。
其中富马酸酯混合物中各组分按照质量份数的配比为:6份富马酸癸酯,14份富马松香季戍四醇酯,18份富马酸二甲酯。
其中添加剂的制备方法为:将49份白油与6份富马酸癸酯,14份富马松香季戍四醇酯,18份富马酸二甲酯混合,再加入12份醋酸乙烯酯,4份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和5份金刚石纳米颗粒,缓慢升高温度至55℃,剧烈搅拌2.5小时,再加入0.15份过氧化苯甲酰,控制搅拌速度,使其温度自然保持在75℃,继续搅拌2.5小时,降温,得到添加剂,所得添加剂平均分子量50600。
实验1:
将实施例1~5所制得的润滑油,进行性能测试,结果如下表所示:
实验2:
实验采用M200型环块摩擦磨损实验机。试块不动,通过主轴旋转使得试环在块上转动,环浸泡在油池中,旋转的圆环把油带到摩擦副间进行润滑。
试块采用45#钢,硬度82——88HRB,试环为轴承钢,真空淬火,硬度为60~62HRC,实验温度为24℃,转速为260r/min,每次实验转动摩擦时间45min。磨损前后试块质量用紧密天平测量,称量前试块先用超声波在石油醚中清洗,再在无水乙醇中清洗,用普通光学显微镜观察摩擦表面形貌,进行辅助分析。
磨损量对比实验结果如下表所示:
Claims (6)
1.一种合成油基高抗磨润滑油,其特征在于按质量份数计,各组份配比为:
其中所述基础油为合成油;所述添加剂中含有金刚石纳米颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成油基高抗磨润滑油,其特征在于所述偶联剂为单烷基钛酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成油基高抗磨润滑油,其特征在于所述的添加剂,其原料包括:白油、富马酸酯混合物、醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯基吡咯烷酮和金刚石纳米颗粒;按质量份数计,配比为45~50份白油、30~40份富马酸酯混合物、10~12份醋酸乙烯酯、3~5份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和3~5份金刚石纳米颗粒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成油基高抗磨润滑油,其特征在于所述的富马酸酯混合物中各组分的配比为:5~6份富马酸癸酯,12~15份富马松香季戍四醇酯,13~19份富马酸二甲酯。
5.根据权利要求3所述的合成油基高抗磨润滑油,其特征在于所述的添加剂通过如下方法得到:将45~50份白油与5~6份富马酸癸酯,12~15份富马松香季戍四醇酯,13~19份富马酸二甲酯混合,再加入10~12份醋酸乙烯酯,3~5份乙烯基吡咯烷酮和3~5份金刚石纳米颗粒,缓慢升高温度至45~55℃,剧烈搅拌2~3小时,再加入0.1~0.2份过氧化苯甲酰,继续搅拌2~3小时,降温,得到添加剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的合成油基高抗磨润滑油,其特征在于,制备过程中,加入过氧化苯甲酰后,控制搅拌速度,使其温度自然保持在70~75℃。
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