CN107521112A - 不同材料片材的超声焊接 - Google Patents

不同材料片材的超声焊接 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107521112A
CN107521112A CN201710387582.7A CN201710387582A CN107521112A CN 107521112 A CN107521112 A CN 107521112A CN 201710387582 A CN201710387582 A CN 201710387582A CN 107521112 A CN107521112 A CN 107521112A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hole
hmt
thermoplastic
parts
thermoplastic piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201710387582.7A
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English (en)
Inventor
S·胡
Y·李
D·施赖弗
K·王
M·巴努
J·F·阿瑞内斯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Original Assignee
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN107521112A publication Critical patent/CN107521112A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/561Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using screw-threads being integral at least to one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/607Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being hollow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/608Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8215Tensile tests
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0224Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
    • B29C66/02241Cutting, e.g. by using waterjets, or sawing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30325Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/304Joining through openings in an intermediate part of the article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115Melting point
    • B29C66/73116Melting point of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
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Abstract

一种连接不同材料工件(例如片材)的超声焊接方法,及由此形成的连接部件。该方法包括向热塑件施加超声能量以填充不同材料件的孔,从而形成焊接点,该焊接点由来自热塑件的聚合物构成。通常,在该方法中热塑件的几何形状不变。不同材料件通常具有较高的熔化温度,可以是金属、热固性聚合物或其他热塑性材料。焊接件可以设置为搭接,层压或双重搭接配置。在一些实施例中,不同材料片材的孔包括底切口特征件,其提高了不同材料件之间的机械互锁。在一些实施例中,焊接点具有蘑菇形帽,用于提高机械互锁。

Description

不同材料片材的超声焊接
技术领域
本发明主要涉及超声焊接,并且更具体地涉及通过连接不同材料片材而形成的焊接件以及形成焊接件的方法。
背景技术
在各种行业中(包括消费电子,家用产品和电器,农业,建筑设备,运输系统等等),焊接是连接相似和不同材料的常用方法。
不同材料可以包括不同金属、不同聚合物或聚合物与金属的组合。制造商可以通过将一些聚合物或复合材料与其他材料粘合来选择有利的特征,例如质量轻、适形或可成形度高、坚固、耐用,或具有所需的质地或颜色。制品可以包括各种部件(外部,内部或装饰特征件),其中部件的材料被选择并配置为耐热和/或耐化学腐蚀性环境或者随时间推移耐喷涂或耐化学腐蚀性。
随着聚合物和其他低质量材料的使用增加,压制成型和模具后连接技术(例如激光焊接和超声焊接)的应用也越来越多普遍。一些工件(包括聚合物复合材料)具有较低的熔点,而一些工件(包括金属)具有较高的导电性。无论是焊接一种类型还是两种类型的工件,都很难做到并在许多情况下不可能做到在目标界面处准确快速地连接工件,而同时尽可能避免工件的其他部分被熔化。
传统的超声焊接技术(例如热熔合)有很多缺点。参考附图,更具体地参照第一个附图(图1),示出了将热塑件110与金属件210连接以形成搭接接头的热熔合工艺。热塑件110包括凸台112,其可操作地连接到热塑件的主体。热塑件110的凸台-主体组合通过例如模制成型(例如注塑成型)而得到。金属件210包括通孔212,其可以通过在金属件上钻孔而得到。接着,通过对准将金属件210与热塑件110组装起来,然后在热熔合之前将凸台112装配到通孔212中。随后,使用凹陷砧410对堆叠件10进行热熔合处理312,以形成从凸台112突起的蘑菇形帽114。通常蘑菇形帽114的直径大于孔212的直径,由此蘑菇形帽114和孔212相互作用,提供机械互锁,将两个件110,210固定在一起,从而形成焊接件20。
金属件的孔212是没有下切特征件的直孔。由于凸台112必须装配到孔212中,所以热熔合之前在热塑件与金属件之间存在空间214。由于热熔合是为了形成蘑菇形帽,所以在热熔合之后,凸台与孔之间的空间214仍然存在。
该技术具有以下缺点,包括但不限于,人工成本较高,与通过注塑成型形成热塑件相关的其他成本较高。由于凸台使热塑件的几何形状变得复杂,所以必须制作具有相应特征件的模具来容纳凸台。
发明内容
本发明技术涉及一种超声焊接技术,其包括向片材中的热塑性聚合物施加超声能量以填充不同材料片材中已有的孔。不同材料片材的熔化/软化温度高于热塑性片材。填充不同材料片材的孔的片材的聚合物形成焊接点,以便在两个片材之间形成机械互锁。
所公开的方法能够在不使用紧固件的情况下使热塑性复合材料与不同材料片材连接。它降低了传统的超声热熔合技术中与成型和处理带凸台的热塑件相关的复杂性和成本。
该技术的优点包括但不限于减少了连接不同材料片材的总生产时间和成本。并且可以用本文所公开的技术形成各种接头。
例如,由于不需要特殊的模具来形成带凸台的热塑件,所以节省了时间和成本。先前需要形成具有不同凸台构造的各种热塑件的方法已经被各种实施例中更简单、更划算的方法(包括在不同材料件中钻孔或冲孔)取代。通过连接混合材料,本文所公开的不同材料片材的超声焊接方法适用于车辆生产中的轻量化策略。
本发明技术的其他方面将通过下文部分明确并部分说明。
附图说明
图1是示出了通过热熔合方法连接两个不同材料片材的方法的示意图。
图2是示出了根据本发明的一个实施例,通过超声焊接方法连接两个不同材料片材的方法的示意图。
图3A是示出了热塑件的侧面剖视图,其中热塑件利用凹陷砧和超声焊极与金属件焊接在一起。
图3B是热塑件的侧面剖视图,其中热塑件利用凹陷砧和超声焊极与第一金属件和第二金属件焊接在一起。
图4A是金属件中作为底切口特征件的带内螺纹的盲孔的侧面剖视图。
图4B是金属件中作为底切口特征件的带内螺纹的通孔的侧面剖视图。
图4C是金属件中带多个槽的孔的顶视图,其中这些槽用于增加聚合物-金属粘合面积。
图4D是金属件中通孔阵列的顶视图,这些通孔阵列用于增加聚合物-金属粘合强度。
图4D1是沿线1-1截取的图4D的金属件的侧面剖视图。
图5A是示出了利用带集成嵌入式切割器的砧在无螺纹直孔形成底切口以增加焊接件强度的方法的前半部分的示意图。
图5B是示出了图5A的方法的后半部分的示意图。
图6A是金属件的侧面剖视图,其中金属件夹在两个热塑件之间并通过向其中一个热塑件施加超声能量而与两个热塑件连接。
图6B是示出了夹在两个热塑件之间并与两个热塑件连接的金属件的两步法的侧视图。
图6B1是沿线1-1截取的图6B的金属件的顶剖视图。
图7A是带小孔阵列的两个对接金属件的顶视图。
图7B是沿线1-1截取的,图7A的两个对接金属件一分为二的侧面剖视图,这两个对接金属件的两个半部在凹陷砧上通过超声与热塑件焊接。
图8A是带2×2通孔阵列的金属件样品的顶视图。
图8A1是沿线1-1截取的图8A的金属件的侧面剖视图。
图8B是与热塑性片连接的图8A的四孔金属件的照片。
图9A示出了相对于每个焊接件中焊接点的数量,用于四个示例性焊接件的最大负载数据。
图9B示出了相对于每个焊接件中焊接点的数量,所有四个焊接件的接头的剪切强度。
具体实施方式
根据需要,本文公开了本发明的详细实施例。所公开的实施例仅仅是可以以各种变型和替代形式实施的示例及其组合。如本文所使用的,例如,“示例性”及类似术语广义地是指用作示意、示范、模型或模式的实施例。
附图不一定按比例绘制,并且有些特征可以被放大或缩小,例如用于示出具体部件的细节。在某些情况下,未详细描述公知的部件、系统、材料或方法,以避免对本发明造成干扰。因此,本文所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释是限制性的,而是仅仅作为权利要求书的原则,以及教导本领域技术人员用不同方法实施本发明的代表性原则。
虽然说明书包括了计算机可执行指令的一般内容,但是本发明也可以与其他程序模块和/或硬件与软件的组合一起实施。术语“应用程序”或其变型在本文中被广泛使用,以便包括例程、程序模块、程序、部件、数据结构、算法等等。应用程序可以在各种不同系统构造上实现,包括单处理器或多处理器系统、基于微处理器的电子设备及其组合等等。在某些实施例中,一些或所有操作(例如,控制焊接头移动和能量施加)由计算设备执行或至少由计算启动,例如执行存储或包括在计算机可读介质中的计算机可执行指令的处理器。并且该过程的任何一个或多个步骤可以通过诸如机器人等自动机器来执行、启动或以其他方式变得容易。
I.发明概述
本发明描述了用于连接不同材料工件(例如热塑复合材料与金属)的超声焊接技术。
该方法包括向热塑件施加超声能量以填充不同材料件(例如金属)中已有的孔,以形成焊接点。该焊接点包括来自热塑件的聚合物,并在不同材料之间提供机械互锁。在各种实施例中,对两个工件进行连接。在其他实施例中,对三个或三个以上工件进行连接。
通常,第二不同材料工件的熔化/软化温度高于热塑工件。用于第二工件的示例性材料包括熔化温度高于第一热塑工件的金属、热固性复合材料以及其他热塑性材料。本文中,被连接的工件有时被称为片材,但不限于片材或任何具体几何形状。工件可以具有实现本技术性能的任何形状和尺寸。本发明中,第二不同材料有时也被称为较高熔化温度(HMT)片材或件。
参照附图将进一步描述系统部件、算法和操作。
II.方法、系统部件和工件-图2-9B
现在参照示例性系统、工具和工件来描述本技术。参照这些附图是为了便于理解本技术,而非限制本技术的范围。
本文所提及的方向,例如上部、下部、向上、向下和侧向,是为了便于描述本技术,而非限制本技术的范围。其中焊接头被描述为下降到靠近的工件上的描述不局限于例如在地面上或环境框架中垂直向下移动的焊接头。在这种情况下,焊接头可以从左向右移动,例如在环境框架中从左向右移动。
再次参照附图,更具体地说,参照图2,示出了根据本技术的一个实施例的超声焊接方法。该方法将第一件120(例如热塑件件)与第二件220(例如金属件)连接,以形成搭接接头。具体地,金属件220包括通孔222,该通孔222具有台阶式底切口特征件224、顶部开口222a以及底部开口222b。有利地是,台阶式底切口特征件224使孔222的顶部开口222a小于(例如直径小于)底部开口222b。热塑件120是热塑性复合材料,其包括嵌入纤维122,该嵌入纤维122的长度小于顶部开口222a的直径的50%。然后,将件120,220组装到平坦的砧420上,使得热塑件120重叠在金属件220的顶上,盖住孔222,而顶部开口222a正好在热塑件的下方,下开口222b正好在平砧的表面上方。在各种实施例中,堆叠件30进一步用夹具422,424固定。
在第三结构或步骤40中,将焊接头或超声焊极440放置316在热塑件120上,正好在开口222a和222b的上方。在各种实施例中,焊接头或超声焊极440的侧向尺寸(例如直径)大于顶部开口222a和底部开口222b的侧向尺寸。通过超声焊极440施加超声能量,用于熔化或软化热塑性材料,以便用来自热塑件120的热塑性材料填充孔222。孔222填充热塑性材料之后,停止施加超声能量,并除去超声焊极318,如第四结构或步骤50所示,由于通过超声焊接使孔222得到填充,所以热塑性材料与孔的壁直接接触,填充了孔中的所有底切口特征件(在这种情况下,是台阶式底切口特征件224),避免金属件220与热塑件120之间留有间隙,从而形成焊接点126。冷却后,与热塑件120一体连接的焊接点126提供机械互锁,以将热塑件120与金属件220连接,从而形成焊接件。由于采用了平坦的砧420,焊接点126的表面124与金属件220的相邻下表面齐平。在各种实施例中,还通过在两个不同材料片材之间施加粘合剂进一步增强件的连接。
热塑性材料通常是指在高于特定温度时变得柔软或可模塑并在冷却时固化的塑料材料或聚合物。例如,合适的热塑性材料包括丙烯酸类、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚乳酸、聚苯并咪唑、聚碳酸酯、聚醚砜、聚醚酮、聚醚酰亚胺、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯和聚四氟乙烯。热塑性材料可以用诸如玻璃、碳、芳纶或玄武岩等纤维进行增强。在本文所述的超声焊接方法中,用于连接HMT件的热塑性复合材料具有纤维,该纤维的长度小于不同材料片材已有孔的直径的1/3。已有孔的直径可以为约0.2mm-20mm、例如约0.2mm-0.5mm、约0.5mm-1mm、约1mm-2mm、约2mm-5mm、约5mm-10mm或约10mm-20mm。已有孔的深度可以为约0.2mm-20mm,例如约0.2mm-0.5mm、约0.5mm-1mm、约1mm-2mm、约2mm-5mm、约5mm-10mm或约10mm-20mm。
尽管本发明的说明和示例中已使用金属作为不同材料片材,但应当理解的是,这种表述并不仅限于HMT件与金属。还可以使用替代HMT材料作为不同材料片材,例如熔化温度高于第一热塑工件的热固性复合材料和热塑性材料。例如,合适的金属包括铝、铝合金和诸如不锈钢等钢;合适的热固性聚合物包括聚酯、聚氨酯、硫化橡胶、酚醛塑料、脲醛树脂、酚醛树脂三聚氰胺基材料、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP)、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、氰酸酯或聚氰酸酯。热固性聚合物可以用诸如玻璃、碳、芳纶或玄武岩等纤维进行增强。
通常,在该方法中热塑件的几何形状不变,因为与例如热熔合方法相比,所施加的超声能量相对较短,并且与所使用的整个热塑件相比,用于填充孔的热塑性材料的量可以忽略不计。
将热塑件与HMT热塑件连接在一起的本文所公开的超声焊接技术提供了一种与现有热塑性材料连接技术(例如紧固(例如使用机械紧固件)、粘合剂粘接、溶剂粘接、共固化和熔融粘接或焊接)不同的方法。在一些实施例中,本文所公开的超声焊接技术可以与这些传统的连接技术结合使用,以进一步加强不同材料工件(如上所述使用粘合剂的不同材料工件)之间的机械互锁。
仅具有一个焊接点的接头,例如图2所示的接头,可以在两个工件120,220之间提供铰接。两个或两个以上焊接点形成扭转约束,以形成受限接头,如图7A和8A所示。
参照图3A,示出了利用凹陷砧422和超声焊极442与金属件230焊接在一起的热塑件130的侧面剖视图,说明了本技术的一个实施例。经超声处理,来自热塑件130的热塑性材料填充了金属件230的孔232以及所示的凹陷砧422中的凹腔或凹坑,以形成蘑菇形焊接点134,其将两个件连接在一起。尽管在图3A中凹坑显示为弧形或圆形,但在不脱离本技术范围的情况下,孔可以有其他形状,例如是方形或更方的凹腔。
由于通过超声焊接使孔232得到填充,所以热塑性材料与孔的壁直接接触,使得金属件230与焊接点134之间没有间隙。除了焊接点134的柄部分处的金属件与热塑件之间的粘合力,焊接点134的蘑菇形帽部分提供额外的机械互锁,以将两个不同材料件连接在一起。
在各种实施例中,孔的图案和几何形状是根据多种因素而设计的。在一个实施例中,例如,孔的图案和几何形状是根据薄厚规格金属件的使用而设计的。例如,具有底切口特征件的孔,例如台阶(例如,图2中的台阶224),内螺纹(例如,图4A的内螺纹或图4B的内螺纹270),或底切口或空隙(例如图5A的底切口或空隙254),可用于厚金属件。每个孔可以包括一个以上底切口特征件(例如,螺纹和台阶)。台阶不一定非要在孔的底部,例如,它可以位于孔的中间,或在孔的顶部和底部之间的任何位置。在一些实施例中,底切口特征件包括一个或多个孔侧壁凹槽、凹陷、凹口或其他可选择形状的空隙,螺纹仅是这种侧壁空隙的一个示例。通常,每个底切口特征件被配置为在HMT材料的上部或部分顶面或架板之下容纳热塑性材料,以便热塑性材料一旦被冷却就不断向上移动,从而加强所形成的接头。虽然可以通过切割形成底切口特征件,但它们也可以通过其他方式形成,因此术语底切口并不用来限制形成特征件的方式。孔中的底切口特征件提供了额外机械互锁,用于连接工件。使用平坦的或凹陷的砧420,422来形成具有平坦的或蘑菇形头部的焊接点。
参照图3B,示出了使用凹陷砧424和超声焊极444与第一金属件234和第二金属件226焊接在一起的热塑件140的侧面剖视图,说明了本技术的一个实施例。本技术可用于将热塑件140连接到两个以上HMT件。第一金属件234包括孔236,第二金属件226包括孔228。第一金属件234与第二金属件226堆叠放置,使孔236,228彼此对准。经超声处理,来自热塑件130的热塑性材料填充了凹陷砧422中的孔236,228,以形成蘑菇形焊接点144,其将三个工件连接在一起。由于通过超声焊接使孔236,228得到填充,所以热塑性材料与孔的壁直接接触,使得金属件234,226与焊接点144之间没有间隙。除了焊接点144的柄部分处的金属件与热塑件之间的粘合力,焊接点144的蘑菇形帽部分提供额外的机械互锁,以将三个工件连接在一起。
在一些实施例中,为了连接多层金属,在除了最后一层外的其他各个层中都形成通孔。在形成有内部底切口特征件的最后一层的孔中,形成底切口特征件(例如图2的标记224所示的台阶几何形状)。最后一层中的孔可以是通孔或盲孔。经超声处理,来自热塑件的热塑性材料填充了通孔和台阶式孔,以形成将工件连接在一起的焊接点。除了焊接点的通孔部分处的金属件与热塑件之间的粘合力,焊接点的台阶式孔部分提供额外的机械互锁,以将工件连接在一起。
图4A-4D示出了用于改变金属厚度的替代孔几何形状。参照图4A,示出了金属件260中带内螺纹264的盲孔262的侧面剖视图。在超声焊接过程中,盲孔262和内螺纹264被来自热塑件的热塑性材料填充,从而形成粘合力和机械互锁,以将金属件260与热塑件固定在一起。
参照图4B,示出了金属件266中带内螺纹268的通孔262的侧面剖视图。在本文所述的超声焊接过程中,通孔268和内螺纹270被来自热塑件的热塑性材料填充,从而形成粘合力和机械互锁,以将金属件266与热塑件固定在一起。图4A和4B的孔几何形状适用于厚工件,例如厚度大于2mm的工件。
参照图4C,示出了金属件272中带多个延伸部分或槽276的孔274的顶视图。在本文所述的超声焊接过程中,通孔274和槽276被来自热塑件的热塑性材料填充,从而形成粘合力,以将金属件272与热塑件连接在一起。
参照图4D,示出了金属件280中3x3通孔阵列282的顶视图。在超声焊接过程中,通孔282被来自热塑件的热塑性材料填充,从而形成粘合力,以将金属件280与热塑件连接在一起。可以对结构进行配置,并且焊接头施加能量,使得孔通常同时被填充,或在不同时间被填充,例如,通过移动焊接头(例如,沿着热塑性材料的表面滑动,或者上升并下降)以向热塑件的各个区域施加能量,使孔依次被填充。
参照图4D1,示出了沿图4D的线1-1截取的金属件280的剖视图。孔282可以或可以不是彼此平行的通孔。
图4C和4D的孔的设计,特别是其中孔是通孔的结构,适用于薄工件,例如,厚度小于或等于2mm的工件。
参照图5A,示出了根据本技术的一个实施例的,用于形成底切口的方法的前半部分的示意图。图5B示出了图5A的方法的后半部分。所示的热塑件150堆叠在带直通孔252的金属件250的顶上。所示的超声焊极460直接放置在热塑件150的孔252的上方。尽管所示的超声焊极460和热塑件150堆叠在金属件的顶上,但是以下详述的切割方法在切割过程中不需要这些装置。
具体地,带集成嵌入式切割器432的砧430用于在金属件250的无螺纹直孔252中形成底切口254。底切口254通过机械互锁连接力向焊接的聚合物-金属件提供额外的强度。切割器432包括一个或多个可伸缩切割插入件434,其集成并嵌入砧430中。砧430包括衬套/轴承436,其允许切割器432突出并旋转通过砧430。金属件250包括无螺纹直孔252,可以使用切割器432预制或形成该无螺纹直孔。在操作350中,切割器432与通孔252对准,并从砧430突出来,伸入通孔。这可以通过切割器432旋转来完成。一旦切割器432的可伸缩切割插入件434部分被设定为在金属件250中形成切口,切割器432就开始旋转(如果它还未旋转),并且切割插入件434伸入工件以形成底切口254。一旦形成了底切口254,切割器432就缩回352到砧体中,并且整个砧430向上移动以提供下部支撑。在随后的超声处理过程354中,启动超声焊极460,以用聚合物填充356孔252和底切口254,从而形成焊接点152。在移除358超声焊极460和砧430之后,得到焊接件70。
在各种实施例中,包括切割器432的砧430被配置为使切割器432的顶表面最终与相邻的切割器表面大致齐平,如图5A的最后视图所示,由此形成平坦的砧表面,如图2所示。在预想的实施例中,包括切割器的砧430的形状和尺寸被设计为当切割器432缩回时形成空隙,用于产生额外的底切口特征件,如图3A1和3B所示。这个底切口特征件可以由砧孔形成,切割器432在砧孔中移动,砧孔比HMT的孔252更宽(例如,直径更大),并且可以通过使切割器432的顶表面缩回到包括切割器432的砧430的相邻顶表面以下而形成。切割器432还可以包括用于形成蘑菇形焊接点的凹腔,如图3A和3B的蘑菇形焊接点134。
虽然在本实施例中底切口254由集成嵌入式切割器432形成,但应当理解的是,不需要嵌入式切割器和/或相关砧来形成底切口,即,可以使用其他切割工具或方法形成底切口。
参照图6A。示出了金属件的剖视图,该金属件夹在两个热塑件之间,用于通过向热塑件中的至少一个施加超声能量来形成双重搭接接头。金属件240被第一热塑件160和第二热塑件162夹在中间。金属件240具有孔242,该孔242具有顶部开口242a以及底部开口242b。超声焊极446放置第一热塑性件160上,正好在孔242的顶部开口242a上方,用于向热塑件施加超声能量,以便用自两个热塑件的熔化热塑性材料填充孔242。来自两个热塑件的熔化热塑性材料混合并填充整个孔242,以连接两个热塑件。对于底部热塑件162,我们认为超声焊极446的振动穿过整个系统,并且由于金属件240的孔,在底部热塑件162的顶表面中形成的应力增加。然而,不是将热塑性材料压入金属件240,而是将金属件240压入热塑件162。因此形成了压力梯度,使熔化的底部件160流入金属件240的孔中。冷却聚合物时,形成双重搭接接头,其中金属件夹在两个热塑件之间。尽管图6A未示出底切口特征件,但应当理解的是,金属件240中的孔可以是带或不带底切口特征件的通孔。
为了通过两个独立步骤形成双重搭接接头,钻出具有台阶几何形状的两组孔,在不同材料片材中一组孔间隔较近,另一组孔间隔较远。使用小焊接头和间隔较近的孔将第一热塑性片材连接到不同材料片材。接着将整个组件冷却并倒转,例如翻转,然后使用大焊接头和间隔较远的一组孔将第二热塑性片材连接到不同材料片材。例如,参照图6B,示出了夹在两个热塑件164和166之间并与两个热塑件连接的金属件的两步法的侧视图。金属件244夹在第一热塑件164和第二热塑件166之间,以形成组件60。金属件244的顶表面244a与第一热塑件164接触,底表面244b与第二热塑件166接触。图6B1示出了沿图6B的线1-1截取的金属件244的顶部剖视图。所示的件244具有第一组间隔较近的孔246以及第二组间隔较远的孔248。在第一步骤中,超声焊极448放置在第一热塑性件164上,正好在第一组孔246的上方,用于向第一热塑件164施加超声能量,以便用熔化热塑性材料填充第一组孔246。热塑性材料冷却并固化在孔246中之后,将组件60翻转180°,并将第二超声焊极450放置在第二热塑件166上,正好在第二组孔248的上方,用于向第二热塑件166施加超声能量,以便用熔化热塑性材料填充第二组孔248。第一组孔246间隔较近,而第二组孔248间隔较远。因此,超声焊极448的直径小于超声焊极450,使得在第一超声处理步骤过程中,间隔较近的孔246完全覆盖在超声焊极448下,而在第二超声处理步骤过程中,间隔较远的孔248完全覆盖在超声焊极450下。冷却聚合物时,形成双重搭接接头,其中金属件夹在两个热塑件之间。尽管图6B和6B1未示出底切口特征件,但应当理解的是,金属件240中的任何孔246,248可以是带或不带底切口特征件的通孔。
在预想的实施例中,孔还具有其他结构,例如在两个组246,248或其中一个组只有一个孔,或者孔被设置为除了间隔较近的孔246和间隔较远的孔248之外的形式。
在另一个预想的实施例中,第一组孔在一个方向上封闭(例如,在图6B的视图中具有底部),而第二组孔在相反方向上封闭(例如,在图6B的视图中具有顶部)。通过这种方式,可以在两个步骤中使用相同尺寸的超声焊极-例如焊接头450。孔可以具有底切口特征件,例如螺纹,以增强连接。
参照图7A,示出了带小孔292a和292b阵列的两个对接金属的两个半部290a,290b的顶视图。具体地,金属半部290a包括3×6小通孔292a阵列,金属半分290b包括3×6小通孔292b阵列。包含小孔阵列的金属两个半部的端部彼此对准并抵接,使得孔292a,292b一起形成阵列292。
参照图7B,示出了图7A的两个对接金属的两个半部290a,290b的剖视图,其中两个半部290a,290b在凹陷砧438上通过超声与热塑件180焊接在一起。超声焊极452直接放置在阵列292的上方并且覆盖阵列292,孔292a,292b由来自热塑性件180的热塑性材料填充,以形成焊接点182。焊接点阵列都具有连接所有焊接点182的蘑菇形帽184,从而向被连接的件提供额外的机械互锁强度。
实施例
以下实验装置仅仅是说明本技术特征的示例,本发明不限于示例的各个方面,除非另有明确说明。实验装置包括用于连接和测试具有短碳纤维增强型热塑性材料(CFRP)的铝6061的方法。使接头在搭接构造中重叠。接着使接头在剪切状态下,直至失效,并记录最大负载。最大负载用于计算每个接头的剪切强度。
具体地,购买铝6061细棒,切成若干个尺寸为38.1mm×127mm×3.175mm(宽x长x高)的样品。将碳纤维增强型尼龙复合材料(尼龙66)注入到尺寸为38.1mm×127mm×3.175mm(宽x长x高)的模具中,以形成具有相同尺寸和组成的热塑件。然后对金属样品片进行加工,钻出用于连接方法的孔。制备具有1个孔、2个孔、3个孔和4个孔的金属样品,所有孔的尺寸和几何形状都相同。使用与金属件尺寸相同的四个相同的热塑件,按照下述方法连接金属件。
用4-孔金属件作为例子,图案中每个孔296与其他孔的中心对中心距离至少为12.7mm,每个图案距离金属件样品294一端的任一边缘为19mm,如图8A所示。每个孔296具有相同的底切口几何形状,如图8A1所示。具体地,图8A1示出了沿线的1-1截取的,图8A的剖视图的一部分。孔296的这种底切口几何形状是通过82°沉孔形成的。每个孔296由孔的单个直径部分构成,其直径尺寸为3.175mm。孔的这个部分延伸金属件样品294厚度的一半。孔的剩余厚度具有变化直径部分,其通过82°沉孔形成。因此,孔296具有直径为3.175mm的顶部开口296a以及直径为5.944mm的底部开口296b。
在金属件样品294中钻出四个孔296的阵列。然后将金属件样品294以搭接接头构造与复合材料样品190重叠,使得两个件之间有38.1mm×38.1mm的重叠区域。应当注意的是,复合材料190应当是组装好的系统的顶层,并且它应该与钻好的金属件样品的孔的顶部开口296a接触,如图8A1所示。接着将组装好的两个件夹紧在如图1所示的夹具内,然后用螺栓固定在直径为19mm的由硬化钢制成的超声焊接头的下方。
超声处理过程设有六个参数。这六个参数是超声波频率、焊接能量、触发力、保持时间、幅度%以及焊接速度。可以使用的一组参数的示例如表1所示。
表1:用于图8B所示的四孔图案的焊接参数。
焊接参数
超声波频率 15kHz-30kHz
焊接能量 1800J
触发力 50lb.
保持时间 5sec.
幅度% 100%
焊接速度 0.508mm/min
一旦参数设定完成后,连接过程立即开始。一旦接头形成,就对焊接件充分冷却2小时,以确保连接过程的多余热量不影响强度测试结果。一旦焊接件冷却,就将其夹紧在拉伸测试机中。焊接件的照片如图8B所示,其中金属件294与热塑件190连接,并且四个焊接点298与金属件的表面平齐。
间隔器用于将负载定位在界面的中心,减少由搭接接头产生的弯曲力矩造成的巨大影响。然后拉伸试验机以5mm/min的延伸速率将两个件剪切开。在这个过程中记录负载,并保存最大负载,用于下一步计算。使用孔296a的直径计算剪切面积,并乘以图案中的孔的数量。然后将最大负载除以计算得到的剪切面积,以计算接头的剪切强度。
重复上述过程,将1孔金属件、2孔金属件和3孔金属件与上述制造相同的热塑件连接,分别形成具有1个、2个和3个焊接点的焊接件。然后按照上述相同的测试程序测试焊接件,得到接头的最大负载和剪切强度。来自所有四个焊接件的最大负载数据如图9A所示,接头的剪切强度数据如图9B所示。
使用3mm厚的短碳纤维增强型热塑性材料(CFRP)和1mm或3mm的铝片进行类似的实验。结果如下表2所示。
表2
III.实施的优点
本技术的许多优点如上所述。一些优点将在本概述中进一步描述。
有益效果包括生产时间和成本减少。有益效果使不同材料片材的超声焊接更经济有效,使轻质零件和产品(例如,车辆)的制造更经济有效。
节省了时间和成本,例如,不再需要制作用于形成带凸台的热塑件的模具。
除了提供连接不同材料片材的替代方法之外,本文所公开的超声焊接方法还可对连接不同材料片材的现有方法进行补充。
IV.总结
本文公开了本发明的各种实施例。所公开的实施例仅仅是可以以各种变型和替代形式实施的示例及其组合。如本文所使用的,例如,“示例性”及类似术语广义地是指用作示意、示范、模型或模式的实施例。
附图不一定按比例绘制,并且有些特征可以被放大或缩小,例如用于示出具体部件的细节。在某些情况下,未详细描述公知的部件、系统、材料或方法,以避免对本发明造成干扰。因此,本文所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为是限制性的,而是仅仅作为技术主题(例如权利要求书)的原则,以及教导本领域技术人员的代表性原则。
法律不要求说明和教导本技术主题(例如权利要求书)的每个可能的实施例,而且从经济性上来说是不允许的。因此,上述实施例仅仅是为了清楚地理解本发明的原理而提出的实施方式的示例性说明。在不脱离本技术主题范围(例如权利要求书)的情况下,可以对上述实施例进行变型、修改和其组合。本文中所有这些变型、修改和其组合都在本发明及以下技术主题(例如权利要求书)的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种焊接部件,其通过超声焊接与不同材料件结合在一起,包括:
热塑性件,以及
较高熔化温度(HMT)件,其具有至少一个孔,并且通过焊接点连接到所述热塑件,所述焊接点包括来自填充所述孔的热塑性件的材料,
其中所述孔具有至少一个底切口特征件,其填充有来自所述热塑件的材料以形成所述焊接点的一部分。
2.如权利要求1所述的焊接部件,其中所述至少一个孔是通孔或盲孔,并且所述至少一个底切口特征件包括台阶、内螺纹或其组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的焊接部件,其中所述热塑件和所述HMT件相连接以形成搭接接头或层压接头。
4.如权利要求1所述的焊接部件,其中所述孔是所述HMT的多个孔中的一个,每个所述孔都填充有来自所述热塑件的材料,以形成多个焊接点。
5.如权利要求4所述的焊接部件,其中,
所述焊接点包括所述热塑件材料的下凸头,其连接填充所述多个孔中的每个的热塑件的材料,并且
所述下凸头与所述HMT件的下表面的一部分重叠。
6.一种通过超声焊接形成不同材料件的焊接部件的方法,包括
将热塑件放置在较高熔化温度(HMT)件的顶上,其中所述HMT件包括至少一个孔,以覆盖所述HMT件中的孔,并且
使用超声焊接头向位于所述HMT件的孔上的热塑件施加超声能量,以熔化所述热塑件的材料,使得熔化的材料填充所述HMT件的孔,以形成焊接接头,所述焊接接头连接所述热塑件与所述HMT件,以形成所述焊接部件。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,进一步包括
在施加超声能量之前将所述HMT件放置在砧上,
其中
所述砧具有顶表面以及顶表面中的凹腔,
所述凹腔比所述HMT件的孔宽,从而当所述HMT件放置在所述砧上时形成底件特征件,并且
当所述热塑件的材料被超声能量熔化时,熔化的材料填充所述孔和所述砧的凹腔,包括所述底件特征件的下部,从而形成所述焊接点与所述HMT件的底表面重叠的凸底部。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中执行所述方法以形成用于连接所述焊接部件的热塑件和HMT件的双重搭接接头来,其中:
超声焊接头是第一超声焊接头,并且
使用第二超声焊接头向所述第二热塑件施加超声能量,所述第二超声焊接头的直径大于所述第一超声焊接头。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中:
所述HMT件是第一个HMT件,并且
所述HMT件的至少一个孔是第一组孔,所述方法还包括将包括第二组孔的第二HMT件与所述第一HMT件堆叠在一起,在向所述第一和第二HMT件的孔上方的所述热塑件施加超声能量之前,将所述第一组孔与所述第二组孔对准,以便用所述热塑件熔化的材料填充所有的孔,从而将所述第一和第二HMT件连接到所述热塑件。
10.一种用于连接不同材料工件的方法,包括:
将较高熔化温度(HMT)件定位为邻近砧切割设备,
将所述设备的切割器移动到所述HMT件的孔中,
使所述切割器的的切割嵌入件延伸并旋转所述切割嵌入件,以便在所述孔的侧壁中形成空隙,
使所述切割嵌入件缩回,
使所述刀具从所述孔缩回,
将热塑件定位在所述HMT件的顶上,并且
向所述热塑件施加超声能量,使所述热塑件的材料熔化并移动到所述孔中,直至熔化的材料与砧-切割器结构的切割器的顶部接触,从而填充所述孔和所形成的空隙。
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