CN101274487A - 将聚合物工件联接至其它部件 - Google Patents

将聚合物工件联接至其它部件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101274487A
CN101274487A CNA2008100874236A CN200810087423A CN101274487A CN 101274487 A CN101274487 A CN 101274487A CN A2008100874236 A CNA2008100874236 A CN A2008100874236A CN 200810087423 A CN200810087423 A CN 200810087423A CN 101274487 A CN101274487 A CN 101274487A
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China
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workpiece
shape
polymer
workpieces
attached
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CNA2008100874236A
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CN101274487B (zh
Inventor
D·R·西格勒
Y·-L·陈
P·H·富斯
A·L·布劳恩
N·D·曼卡姆
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/66—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
    • B29C37/0078—Measures or configurations for obtaining anchoring effects in the contact areas between layers
    • B29C37/0082—Mechanical anchoring
    • B29C37/0085—Mechanical anchoring by means of openings in the layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/02—Thermal shrinking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/0004—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C63/0013—Removing old coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/44—Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/76—Making non-permanent or releasable joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034—Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342—Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/349—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot
    • B29C66/3494—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot while keeping the welding zone under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91443—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time following a temperature-time profile
    • B29C66/91445—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time following a temperature-time profile by steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B43/00—Operations specially adapted for layered products and not otherwise provided for, e.g. repairing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B43/006—Delaminating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0827—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using UV radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/103—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined direct heating both surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

一种形状记忆聚合物工件被附接到第二工件上。所述形状记忆聚合物工件的端面被置靠在所述第二工件的附接表面上。所述第二工件具有一个或多个附接孔。所述形状记忆聚合物工件被激活(例如被加热)至软化温度且一部分被挤出进入所述第二工件的面对表面的所述附接孔内。所述形状记忆聚合物工件在仍受到加热时被保持靠在所述第二工件上，材料由于形状记忆效应而进行流动从而形成附接。当形状记忆聚合物材料在仍处于载荷的状态下进行冷却时，其模量增加从而对附接几何形状进行固定。在不将附接的部件推置在一起的情况下对所述附接的部件进行重新加热使该工艺被逆转。

Description

将聚合物工件联接至其它部件
技术领域
本发明涉及将形状记忆聚合物工件的表面联接至第二工件的互补面对表面。
背景技术
存在许多制造出的物品，在其制造过程中会将聚合物部件联接至另一部件。例如，有时需要将塑料衬里、条带或面板附接到冲压金属面板上。在这种情况下，聚合物部件和金属面板被放置或组装成表面与表面接触并且实施附接或联接操作。
机械紧固件通常被用于这种联接工艺中。这就需要在附接操作中清查所述紧固件并对它们进行处理。在其它应用中，粘结剂已被用于将一个或多个聚合物部件附接到金属表面上。但粘结剂连结需要施加粘结剂剂型并且设置或连结所施加的粘结剂材料以便进行连结。对于许多这种聚合物-金属组件而言，机械或粘结剂附接的成本和加工复杂性是优选的或可被容忍的。但更简单且不那么昂贵的附接方法可使得能够进行其它产品应用，其中聚合物部件被联接至第二工件如板片或条带。
发明内容
本说明书披露了一种用于将聚合物部件或工件附接到第二工件上的联接工艺。所述聚合物部件具有适当的形状记忆性质，正如将要描述地那样，以便进行所述附接。这种聚合物组合物通常被称作形状记忆聚合物(SMP)。在对所述联接工艺做出说明之前，对适用于所述联接工艺中的形状记忆聚合物进行描述可能是有所帮助的。
形状记忆聚合物是那些聚合物分子的组合物，所述组合物在其温度升高至高于特征温度时其弹性模量会呈现出显著且可逆转的变化，所述特征温度已公知地被称作转变温度(Ts)。实现这种温度升高的手段有时被称作形状记忆材料的“激活”。当形状记忆聚合物的温度升高至高于其Ts时，其弹性模量通常显著降低十倍或百倍或更多倍。一种类型的形状记忆聚合物是包括相对较硬的晶体嵌段(crystallinesegment)(或微相(micro phase))和相对较软的非晶嵌段(或微相)的半晶体共聚物族。在这种情况下，共聚物的Ts是软的非晶相的玻璃转变温度(Tg)。软的非晶相嵌段是形状记忆聚合物的更低温度的软化相，且当材料的温度高于其Ts时，由于非晶相产生了从玻璃态向橡胶态的转变，因此使得共聚物的弹性模量急剧下降。已公知地还存在其它类型的形状记忆聚合物，其中Ts对应于聚合物的其中一个相的熔化。尽管本说明书中说明的实施例集中在上述类型的形状记忆聚合物上，但本发明可毫不费力地延伸保护其它类型的形状记忆聚合物。
在高于硬嵌段的熔点(Tm)的温度下通过热机械加工使得由上述形状记忆聚合物制成的部件获得了永久形状。随后冷却至低于Ts的温度导致产生了刚性的聚合物(例如，E＝800MPa，其中E是在相对较冷的温度下的聚合物材料的弹性模量)。材料在介于Ts与Tm之间的温度范围内作为软聚合物(例如E＝4MPa)存在，由此使得在该实例中弹性模量降低了两百倍。当材料在该温度范围内高于Ts的温度下时，其可易于变形为不同的暂时形状。典型的形状记忆聚合物在其软化状态下的弹性伸长率(或伸展范围)为约100％至300％，而不会产生永久变形。如果聚合物并未产生劣化(例如由于塑性屈服、加热超出其氧化温度等)，则可通过在没有外部载荷的情况下在高于软相的Ts的温度下对所述聚合物进行长时间均热处理(soaking)而回复原始的永久形状。通过这种方式可回复达200％-300％的应变。材料已公知地受到数百次加热循环而产生变形从而设定暂时形状和/或受到加热以便回复永久形状。
本发明的联接工艺利用了形状记忆聚合物的软聚合物状态的更低的弹性模量与刚性聚合物状态的更高的模量之间的适当差异，从而首先在所述聚合物工件与所述第二工件之间建立起软连接且随后保持坚固连接。一个或多个通孔或盲孔被用于所述第二工件中以便附接所述聚合物部件。所述第二部件可由具有适当刚度的任何材料制成以便完成联接工艺。在许多情况下，所述第二工件将为金属工件且将会结合将形状记忆聚合物部件联接至金属部件而对本发明的实施方式进行描述。
所述金属工件可例如是冲压板片金属汽车本体面板，所述冲压板片金属汽车本体面板需要在一侧上附接塑料衬里或塑料条带。在联接位置处在金属面板中形成了孔以便附接聚合物部件。所述孔可具有圆形、椭圆形、狭槽、狭缝或其它适当形状的形式以便接收挤压或变形的聚合物连结材料。根据所述金属部件的形状，一个或多个所述孔可延伸通过所述部件的薄的部分或在更厚的部件中延伸至适当深度(例如盲孔)。所述形状记忆聚合物部件可由适当的热塑性或热固性组合物形成，下面将会对所述热塑性或热固性组合物进行进一步描述。形状记忆聚合物部件被设置靠在所述金属面板上，以使其覆盖所述联接孔中的一个或多个联接孔。所述聚合物部件的表面可被成形以便适当地符合在要进行一处或多处附接的一个或多个区域处的所述金属部件的形状。但所述聚合物部件的表面不需要预成形的螺柱或其它预成形的凸部来实现面对表面之间的附接。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式，形状记忆聚合物部件被附接到第二部件例如金属面板上，所述附接是利用所述金属板片中的预成形附接孔来实现的。所述形状记忆聚合物部件具有相对平的或轮廓和缓的表面，所述相对平的或轮廓和缓的表面在覆盖所述一个或多个孔的区域中没有凸部。所述形状记忆聚合物部件的至少所述附接区域被激活(通常被加热)至高于其Ts的适当温度以便降低弹性模量。被激活的形状记忆聚合物部件被压靠在所述金属面板的所述附接孔上且来自所述聚合物部件起初具有的平表面的被软化的材料的一部分在所施加的应力下被挤压、变形或以其它方式适当地移置进入所述附接孔内。所述移置的材料仍处于激活状态并设法在所述形状记忆聚合物部件的所述表面中回复其原始形状。但由于所述移置的材料仍处于联接操作的压力下且所述移置的材料从自由弹性形状向其原始形状进行的回复受到了所述附接孔形状的限制，因此使得所述移置的材料在所述第二工件的所述附接孔内或周围流动从而与所述第二工件形成了机械互锁。例如，所述形状记忆聚合物材料可能已经变形通过了所述金属面板中的附接孔且随后在所述聚合物工件的所述表面中形成了铆钉头状的连接。回流的聚合物材料仍然承受了成形操作所施加的载荷且其仍然是温热且软性的。所述聚合物材料随后被冷却至低于其Ts以便对所述工件之间的金属附接进行强化，同时将施加的应力保持在用于形成联接处的水平或接近所述水平。随后，在材料已经被冷却至低于其Ts的温度T2之后可释放附接步骤的压力。在许多情况下，Ts-T2的差值越大，则联接处的强度越高。
所述聚合物部件可在被压靠在所述金属面板上之前或在被压靠在所述金属面板上时被加热(或以其它方式被激活)。加热或激活手段可被直接施加到所述聚合物工件上，或所述金属面板可在所述联接孔的区域中被加热，从而使得与被加热的金属进行的接触使所述聚合物部件的一个或多个面对表面受到加热。
随后将被附接的工件重新加热(或以其它方式重新激活)至高于所述工件的Ts温度将导致材料在没有变形载荷的情况下回复其起始的几何形状。这就允许获得了一种用于分离所述被联接的部件的简单的手段。形状记忆聚合物所具有的这种在足够高的温度下且在可忽略的施加载荷下时倾向于回复其模制成型形状的基于内部微观结构的倾向性以及因此使得在需要时可易于分离联接处的特性使得本发明的联接工艺被进一步特征化。
所述第二工件(在上面的说明中为所述金属面板)的形状仅受到无论所述一个或多个联接孔为通孔或扩展的盲孔，其长度必须容纳在所述孔中的或通过所述孔的用于形成机械锁定表面的形状记忆聚合物材料的弹性流(即没有永久变形)这一需要的限制。并且所述聚合物部件的形状仅受限于其具有的容许材料从其表面和置靠在所述金属工件的所述联接孔区域上的相邻体积进行有限挤出的性能。本发明的实施方式可通常用于将形状记忆聚合物类型的聚合物条带或板片联接到金属条带或板片上。
所述聚合物材料的形状记忆特性通常意味着可通过将所述聚合物部件的连接部分加热至高于其Ts温度、使所述连接部分变形并且使所述部件分离开从而使所述塑料部件与所述金属部件分离。如上所述，有时仅在无载荷或轻载荷下加热至高于Ts可能就足以使联接处分离，即不需要做出外部努力。如果所述聚合物部件未受到所施加外力的加载而靠在所述金属部件上，则该分离会由于聚合物具有的形状记忆性质而自发发生，且如果所述聚合物部件在分离后仍然受到加热，则其将回复其原始的联接前的几何形状。换句话说，联接工艺是完全可逆的，且使得所述形状记忆聚合物所具有的用于进行多接合处成形和随后的分离的性质几乎没有或没有发生劣化。
从下面对某些特定实施例进行的详细描述中将易于理解本发明的其它目的和优点。
附图说明
图1是以面对表面-面对表面的方式被置靠在金属板上以便被附接到所述板上的形状记忆聚合物板片材料的局部剖视示意图。聚合物板片材料覆盖所述板中的附接孔。所述聚合物材料已经被加热至高于其Ts温度，由此大大降低了其模量，且来自形状记忆聚合物板片所起初具有的平表面的聚合物材料的一部分被推动且产生变形而进入金属板中的孔内并通过金属板中的孔；
图2是图1所示的形状记忆聚合物板片/金属板组件的局部剖视示意图，所述形状记忆聚合物板片/金属板组件均仍处于热的状态且处于从外部施加的载荷下。仍处于热的状态(高于其Ts)且被加载靠在金属板上的形状记忆聚合物材料的变形部分试图向外流动并向着其具有的平表面板片构型向回流动，结果使得形状记忆材料在塑料板片与金属板之间形成了铆钉头状的机械附接。在冷却之后，聚合物材料重新获得了其高弹性模量且形成了坚固的联接处；
图3是具有覆盖了形状记忆聚合物板片的附接孔的金属板的分解示意图。用于支承并施加压力的构件被放置在聚合物板片下面且电阻加热元件被放置在位于金属板片中的孔上面；和
图4示出了图3所示的电加热元件的一个不同的实施例。
具体实施方式
许多制造出的物品包括被附接到金属部件上的聚合物部件。例如，聚合物条带、板材或板片被附接到成形的金属板片如用于汽车车辆的本体面板上。当然，聚合物材料可被附接到非金属第二工件上，所述非金属第二工件具有适当刚度或硬度以便在附接孔中接收被加热且产生变形的形状记忆聚合物材料。在形成附接的过程中，本发明利用了某些聚合物组合物的形状记忆性质。结合附图示出了附接方法的实施方式。
图1是以被附接到金属面板12上的条带10的形式存在的形状记忆聚合物工件的一小部分的剖视图。形状记忆聚合物条带10起初具有相对的平表面。形状记忆聚合物不需要预成形的螺柱或突起部来与金属面板12接合或者供应附接材料以便进行联接操作。适当地，形状记忆聚合物条带10被制成一定尺寸或具有足够厚度以便提供用于形成与第二工件的附接的形状记忆材料。在被附接到金属面板12中的通孔的情况下，形状记忆聚合物条带10的厚度优选为通孔深度的至少约1.1倍。在被附接到第二工件中的盲孔的情况下，形状记忆聚合物条带10的厚度优选为孔的工作深度的至少约1.1倍。可例如通过将钢或铝合金的板片冲压成用于汽车门面板或相似件的形状而对金属面板12进行成形。这种类型的金属面板可具有处于约二分之一毫米至约三毫米范围内的厚度。图1和图2仅示出了金属面板12的一部分以便示出介于金属部件与形状记忆聚合物部件之间的一个附接点。且所示出的面板12的厚度在某种程度上被放大以便实现说明的目的。
图中示出了金属面板12和形状记忆聚合物板片条带10的剖面以便表明已经在金属面板12中形成了具有斜切上表面15的附接孔14。本发明的条件并非使得必须在第二工件的上表面上设置斜切部来实现联接。形状记忆聚合物条带10是由显示出形状记忆性质的任何适当的聚合物组合物形成的。
形状记忆聚合物条带10已经被置靠在金属面板12的一侧上，以使得形状记忆聚合物条带10起初具有的平表面的一部分覆盖附接孔14。形状记忆聚合物条带10与金属板片的附接需要使来自所述起初具有的平表面的形状记忆材料16被挤出(推动、挤压或以其它方式变形)通过如图1所示的附接孔14。位于附接孔14的区域18中的形状记忆聚合物条带10的至少一部分必须被加热(或以其它方式被适当激活)至条带材料的适当软化温度(即高于形状记忆聚合物组合物的Ts温度或以其它方式被软化)以便使得可能进行上面的变形。可以多种不同方式中的任何方式实现加热或激活。例如，一些形状记忆聚合物可能通过暴露于适当的紫外(UV)辐射而被激活。紫外激活可使这种材料软化，而不会显著提高其宏观温度。
整个形状记忆聚合物条带10，或者一个或多个附接区域18，可在被设置成在附接孔14上具有侧部对侧部的面对关系之前被加热至高于聚合物条带10的材料的Ts温度。在另一种实施方式中，聚合物条带10可被组装靠在金属面板12上且随后被加热。这种平面内加热可通过对附接孔14周围的金属面板进行加热并且借助于通过金属面板12且从所述金属面板进行的传导热传递而至少对聚合物条带10的区域18进行加热来实现。图3和图4示出了用于对金属面板12和形状记忆聚合物条带10的一个或多个附接区域进行加热的电阻加热块，且本说明书中将在下面对所述电阻加热块进行进一步地描述。在至少将聚合物条带10的区域18加热至软化条件的情况下，力被施加到背侧20上(如图1中的箭头所示的向上的力)以便将聚合物条带10的软化的形状记忆材料16挤出通过金属面板12中的预成形附接孔14。
由于被激活且软化的材料16保持处于高于Ts的温度下，且聚合物条带10保持被压靠在金属面板12上，因此软化的形状记忆材料试图回复至聚合物条带10的表面形状，所述软化的形状记忆材料是从所述表面被挤压或进行移置的。由于被挤出通过附接孔14的形状记忆聚合物材料16的上部部分(如图1所示)中的表面张力平衡了由于所施加的用来形成联接处的力而导致产生的应力，因此软化的材料16在某种程度上变平并靠在斜切的表面15上从而形成了凸头-平头构件(convexto flat-head member)22，其可能类似于铆钉头。在仍被压靠在金属板上时，形状记忆聚合物材料随后被冷却(或允许其在周围环境中冷却)，这使得其回复了其更高模量的状态。到目前为止所施加的已经将聚合物压置到金属板上的压力现在可被去除，且该新的几何构型现在由于模量的显著增加而被锁定在适当位置处直至试样重新受到加热时。仍被保持在金属面板的孔14中的平头-凸头(flat to convex head)聚合物部分22和被挤出的形状几何聚合物材料16使得在聚合物条带10与金属面板12的所示出的部分之间提供了一体的附接。
在图1和图2所示的本发明的实施例中，形成了通过金属面板12的附接孔。然而，在一些金属部件中，附接孔可被成形为延伸进入但并未通过该部件(有时被称作盲孔)。在这种情况下，附接孔将在其表面入口尺度下面被放大，以使得形状记忆聚合物材料可在孔中形成用于联接部件的放大本体。
上面在本说明书中已经对适当的形状记忆聚合物所具有的重要的热加工特性进行了描述。这些形状记忆聚合物材料还可要不然被表征为热塑性聚合物、热固性聚合物、或者具有穿插网络、半穿插网络或混合网络的热塑性聚合物或热固性聚合物。所述聚合物可以是单一聚合物或者是聚合物的混合物。所述聚合物可以是线型聚合物弹性体或具有侧链或树枝状结构单元的支化聚合物弹性体。形状记忆材料的特征在于存在两相，非晶相或玻璃相(或嵌段)以及半晶体或晶体相(或嵌段)。形状记忆聚合物由氨基甲酸脂共聚物、氨基甲酸脂-二醇共聚物、环氧-氰酸酯共聚物的适当的组合物以及许多其它共聚物组合物形成。形状记忆聚合物材料可用于多种应用中。将它们用于本发明的实施方式中很大程度上是基于它们可产生适当变形从而进行联接步骤且它们在被附接工件的所需运行温度下具有适当的坚固性。
根据本发明，形状记忆聚合物工件的Ts优选是可获得的以便进行联接操作并高于所联接工件的预期运行温度。在该联接工艺中，未激活的形状记忆聚合物工件的弹性模量Einactive与被激活的工件的模量Eactive之间的差异是很重要的。Einactive/Eactive之比优选为合理的高比率以使得形状记忆材料易于有效地移置从而进行联接工艺，同时保持所形成的联接处的高强度。至少为10的比率是适当的，而优选的比率为五十至约200。
实现永久的形状回复所需的温度可通常被设置在介于约-63℃与约120℃之间的任何温度下，或高于该温度。对聚合物本身的成分和结构进行设计可使得允许选择用于所需应用的特定温度。用于进行形状回复的优选温度大于约120℃。
形状记忆聚合物工件的最常用的激活手段是热量。但是，根据特定的形状记忆聚合物材料，可通过例如电、光或具有适当频率的其它电磁辐射、压力、振动、pH的变化和/或潮湿的手段来激活工件以便进行联接。
如文中所述，通常通过对形状记忆聚合物工件进行加热来实现激活。图3是示出了一种在将具有平表面的形状记忆聚合物条带110放置并压靠在金属面板112的一侧上从而覆盖了金属面板112中的预成形附接孔114时对所述具有平表面的形状记忆聚合物条带进行局部加热的方法的分解视图。砧座构件117可被用来将形状记忆聚合物条带110支承并推靠在金属面板112的底侧122上。利用电导线118、120对电阻加热块116(图中示出了所述电阻加热块的剖面)进行加热，且所述电阻加热块被压靠在金属面板112的上侧124上而覆盖附接孔114。电流通过导线118、120且通过电阻加热块116以便将所述电阻加热块加热至一定温度来对金属面板112进行加热。根据上面结合图1和图2所述的联接工艺，热量被传导通过金属面板112进入形状记忆聚合物条带110内，从而使得形状记忆聚合物面板的至少一部分被加热至其软化相以便将附接部分挤出通过附接孔114。
图4示出了电阻加热块116的另一实施例。在图4中，利用电导线218、220对加热块116(图中示出了所述加热块的剖面)进行加热。但加热块216具有位于其加热面中的缓和部分222以便允许挤出如图1中被标记为16的形状记忆聚合物材料。
图3和图4所示出的平面内加热实施方式适用于对形状记忆聚合物材料进行迅速加热以便形成根据本发明的形状记忆聚合物工件至第二工件的附接。目前，这些实施方式通常使得既需要接近要被附接的组件中的第二工件侧又需要接近所述组件中的形状记忆聚合物工件侧。有时，有必要或希望通过仅在面对面的聚合物部件与第二工件的组件中的聚合物部件侧上进行操作来形成一处或多处附接。无论选择怎样的方法来激活聚合物部件，都应该意识到，对于形状记忆聚合物的情况而言，可仅从组件的聚合物部件侧实施附接工艺。假设金属部件足有足够的强度和刚度来承受单侧联接的应力，则被激活的聚合物材料从聚合物部件侧被挤压或产生变形而进入或通过金属部件中的一个或多个附接孔，以便提供一个或多个附接材料柱。由于位于金属板(或其它第二工件)的远侧上的形状记忆聚合物头上的表面张力平衡了由于施加用于形成联接处的力而使得产生的应力，因此被挤出的形状记忆聚合物材料形成了某种程度上类似于铆钉头的球形头。被挤出进入盲孔内的形状记忆聚合物材料将根据孔的形状而呈现出球形形状。随后在仍处于载荷下时进行的冷却使得锁定了该变形形状。
已经结合被施加到要被联接的组件的金属板片侧上的电阻加热块的使用来对本发明的实施方式进行了描述。正如所述，在本发明的许多应用中，可优选对形状记忆聚合物工件进行直接加热。且可优选利用其它手段来加热形状记忆聚合物工件。例如，焦耳/电导/电感/热电加热器可被构建入压制设备内以便被施加到形状记忆聚合物工件上。这种布置允许对形状记忆聚合物材料进行加热以便将其挤出进入第二工件中的附接孔内。随后，通过使通往装置的电流反向，可使得形状记忆聚合物工件被冷却以便增强成形的附接形状。在另一加热器实施例中，可利用激光加热器或辐射加热器来对形状记忆聚合物工件-第二工件的组件的一侧或两侧进行加热。在又一加热实施例中，热流体(例如空气)流可冲击在组装的形状记忆聚合物和第二工件的一侧或两侧上。可用冷却流体流代替热流体流以便对挤出的形状记忆聚合物附接部分进行形状设定。在许多实施例中，加热和/或冷却手段可被包括在装置内以便将压力施加到形状记忆聚合物工件上从而将被激活的材料挤出进入第二工件中的附接孔内。
还应该意识到：附接可被撤销，且如果有必要，可迅速且容易地重新进行附接。附接的形状记忆聚合物工件的附接材料被再次加热(激活)至其软化温度，且如果未处于载荷下，则被激活的材料进行流动以便回复其原始形状。且通过这样做，使得被激活的材料或者完全从附接孔中自发缩回，或者允许在施加最小的分离力的情况下实现附接的脱离。
可利用适当的固定装置来实施本发明的方法以便例如将相对较大的金属面板联接至相对较大的聚合物支承板片。可在就要开始附接步骤之前，在金属部件中的预定位置处形成多个附接孔。该工艺的优点在于，形状记忆聚合物工件起初具有平的面对表面来进行附接，且通过使材料从形状记忆聚合物部件的本体产生变形来获得附接材料。
已经通过本发明的优选实施例的一些实例对本发明的实施方式进行了描述。该描述涉及金属面板和聚合物条带，但该方法显然可在其它工件和聚合物部件形状上实施。部件形状主要受到所能够使聚合物材料流入第二工件中的附接孔内的距离的限制。进一步地，应该意识到：仅有聚合物部件的附接区域需要由形状记忆材料形成。因此，本说明书中进行的特定描述并不旨在限制本发明的适当范围。

Claims (20)

1、一种将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中所述工件具有用于进行附接的面对表面，所述方法包括：
在所述第二工件的所述面对表面中形成附接孔；
将所述聚合物工件的所述面对表面放置成覆盖所述第二工件的所述附接孔，所述聚合物工件的所述面对表面不具有用于进入所述附接孔内的预成形突起部；
将所述形状记忆聚合物工件的至少面对表面区域激活至软化状态；
施加力以便使来自所述形状记忆聚合物工件的所述表面区域的软化的形状记忆材料被推动且产生变形而进入所述附接孔内；
当所述变形的软化形状记忆材料在试图回复其原始形状的过程中进行流动以便与所述第二工件形成机械附接时，保持作用在所述软化的聚合物材料上的力；并且
在保持所述软化的材料上的外力时对所述软化的材料进行冷却以便对介于所述聚合物工件与所述第二工件之间的所述机械附接进行强化。
2、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中通过在将所述聚合物工件放置成覆盖所述第二工件的所述附接孔之前将所述聚合物工件加热至软化状态从而激活所述聚合物工件。
3、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中通过将热量直接施加到所述聚合物工件上而将所述聚合物工件加热至软化状态从而激活所述聚合物工件。
4、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中所述聚合物工件在其面对表面的区域中的厚度大于所述第二工件中的所述附接孔的深度。
5、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中所述聚合物工件是具有平的相对端面的板片或条带且所述第二工件是金属板片或面板。
6、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，包括：
将所述聚合物工件的所述面对表面放置成覆盖作为所述第二工件的金属工件的所述附接孔；并且
对所述金属工件进行加热以便将所述聚合物工件加热至软化状态。
7、根据权利要求6所述的将聚合物工件附接到金属工件上的方法，包括：
将所述聚合物工件的所述面对表面放置成覆盖所述金属工件的所述附接孔；并且
通过覆盖所述附接孔的加热块对所述金属工件进行加热以便将位于下面的所述聚合物工件的附接区域加热至软化状态。
8、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中所述第二工件是具有约二分之一毫米至约3毫米的厚度的金属板片。
9、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中所述聚合物工件具有约2毫米或更大的厚度。
10、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中通过使所述聚合物工件与加热本体接触而将所述聚合物工件加热至软化状态从而激活所述聚合物工件，所述加热本体还被用来施加用于将软化的形状记忆材料推动进入所述附接孔内的力。
11、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中通过使所述聚合物工件与起初被加热的本体接触而将所述聚合物工件加热至软化状态从而激活所述聚合物工件，且所述本体还被用来施加用于将软化的形状记忆材料推动进入所述附接孔内的力，所述本体随后被冷却且通过与所述聚合物工件持续接触而用来对所述软化的材料进行冷却。
12、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中通过将加热流体流引导在所述聚合物工件上而将所述聚合物工件加热至软化状态从而激活所述聚合物工件。
13、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中通过将冷却流体流引导在所述聚合物工件上而对所述软化的材料进行冷却。
14、根据权利要求1所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到第二工件上的方法，其中通过将加热流体流引导在所述聚合物工件上而将所述聚合物工件加热至软化状态从而激活所述聚合物工件且随后通过将冷却流体流引导在所述聚合物工件上而对软化的材料进行冷却。
15、一种使已经通过根据权利要求1所述的方法附接的形状记忆聚合物工件与第二工件分离的方法，所述分离方法包括：
将所述形状记忆聚合物工件的至少所述附接部分加热至软化状态，且不限制所述附接部分中的材料流；并且
使所述形状记忆聚合物工件的所述软化的附接部分从所述第二工件的所述附接孔中缩回。
16、一种将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到金属工件上的方法，其中所述工件具有用于进行附接的面对表面，所述方法包括：
在所述金属工件的所述面对表面中形成附接孔；
将所述聚合物工件的所述面对表面放置成使其附接部分覆盖所述金属工件的所述附接孔，所述聚合物工件的所述面对表面不具有用于与所述附接孔接合的预成形突起部；
将所述聚合物部件的至少预期进行附接的区域加热至形状记忆软化状态；
将软化的附接部分材料推动进入所述附接孔内；
当所述被推动的部分在试图回复其原始形状的过程中进行流动以便在所述孔处与所述金属部件形成机械附接时，保持作用在所述聚合物工件的所述加热区域上的推动载荷；并且
在保持挤出的软化材料上的外力时对所述挤出的软化材料进行冷却以便对与所述金属部件的所述机械附接进行固定和强化。
17、根据权利要求16所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到金属工件上的方法，其中所述聚合物工件在其面对表面的区域中的厚度大于所述金属工件中的所述附接孔的深度。
18、根据权利要求16所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到金属工件上的方法，其中所述聚合物工件是具有平的相对端面的板片或条带且所述金属工件是板片或面板。
19、根据权利要求16所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到金属工件上的方法，其中通过将热量直接施加到所述聚合物工件上而将所述聚合物工件加热至软化状态从而激活所述聚合物工件。
20、根据权利要求16所述的将形状记忆聚合物工件附接到金属工件上的方法，其中通过使所述聚合物工件与加热本体接触而将所述聚合物工件加热至软化状态从而激活所述聚合物工件，所述加热本体还被用来施加用于将软化的形状记忆材料推动进入所述附接孔内的力。
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CN103203864A (zh) * 2012-01-12 2013-07-17 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 使用可折叠结构和活性材料致动的表面纹理化
CN103203864B (zh) * 2012-01-12 2016-04-20 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 使用可折叠结构和活性材料致动的表面纹理化
CN103302432A (zh) * 2012-03-08 2013-09-18 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用形状记忆聚合物激活来帮助对准和保持的工件组装方法
WO2017020301A1 (zh) * 2015-08-06 2017-02-09 瑞奇外科器械(中国)有限公司 一种结构件及该结构件的组装方法
CN107709801A (zh) * 2015-08-06 2018-02-16 天津瑞奇外科器械股份有限公司 一种结构件及该结构件的组装方法
CN107521112A (zh) * 2016-06-16 2017-12-29 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 不同材料片材的超声焊接
CN114734649A (zh) * 2017-01-11 2022-07-12 多种材料焊接股份公司 将物体结合在一起

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US8250725B2 (en) 2012-08-28
US20080236720A1 (en) 2008-10-02

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