CN107484556B - The cultivation of six younger sister hickory chicks and field management method - Google Patents

The cultivation of six younger sister hickory chicks and field management method Download PDF

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CN107484556B
CN107484556B CN201710911436.XA CN201710911436A CN107484556B CN 107484556 B CN107484556 B CN 107484556B CN 201710911436 A CN201710911436 A CN 201710911436A CN 107484556 B CN107484556 B CN 107484556B
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soil moisture
mushroom
cultivation
management method
field management
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CN107484556A (en
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赵琪
杨祝良
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Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS
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Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms

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Abstract

The cultivation of six younger sister hickory chicks (Morchella sextelata) and field management method apply phosphoric acid dihydro amine, humic acid and potash fertilizer mixed liquor 1~3 time this method comprises: 1) the cultural hypha stage per acre;2) former base differential period carries out 1~3 spun lacing and swashs;3) mushroom flower bud manages and protects the stage, and each canopy (film) opaco ventilation opening of opening is divulged information 3~5 times sooner or later, and the control soil moisture is lower than 15 DEG C, soil moisture 50~60%, air humidity 60~85%, 350~600ppm of gas concentration lwevel;4) young mushroom management phase opens canopy (film) opaco ventilation opening daytime, and control temperature of shed is no more than 25 DEG C, until first batch of mushroom harvesting terminates;5) compound fertilizer is sprayed after the harvesting of first batch of mushroom per acre, sugar and potash fertilizer mixed liquor 1~3 time, 5~7 days primary, continues the 2nd batch of former base of stimulation and breaks up.This method can promote six younger sister's hickory chick former bases to generate, and improve former base and young mushroom resistance, to improve six younger sister's hickory chick yield and qualities.

Description

The cultivation of six younger sister hickory chicks and field management method
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural biological technical fields, and in particular to the rare food of one kind, medicinal fungus field management method.
Background technique
Six younger sister hickory chicks (Morchella sextelata M.Kuo), trade name hickory chick or baked wheaten cake hickory chick.It is subordinate to In Ascomycota (Ascomycota), discomycete (Discomycetes), Pezizale (Pezizales), Morchellaceae (Morchellaceae), morchella (Morchella).For China's one of successful morchella species of domesticating and cultivating in recent years. Wild species are mainly distributed on the soil burnt on the ground such as Yunnan Province of China, Sichuan, Tibet, Gansu and Los Angeles,U.S.2013 Year so far, the vast hickory chick fan of western China start to have carried out six younger sister hickory chicks a large amount of artificial growths attempt and Industrialization development.However, due to the influence of climate condition and field planting management technology, yield low, quotient unstable always Product value level is uneven.It is therefore proposed that a kind of six younger sister hickory chicks cultivation field management method for obtaining high yield and high-quality, is One of the problem of urgently being researched and solved during current six younger sisters hickory chick industrialization development.
For this purpose, the present inventor is according to seminar for many years to the resource investigation of six younger sister hickory chicks, domesticating and cultivating research and complete Ball hickory chick species diversity and Phylogenetic Analysis (Zhao Qi etc., 2009, Du et al.2012a, b, 2014,2016a, b), It is proposed the present invention.Six younger sister's hickory chick former bases can be promoted to produce using the field management method that six younger sisters hickory chick of the present invention is cultivated It is raw, former base and young mushroom resistance are improved, to improve six younger sister's hickory chick yield and qualities.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the field management methods of six younger sister hickory chicks cultivation.Using this method to cultivation after Six younger sister hickory chicks are managed, and solve soil moisture in field management process and keep difficult, oxygen supply deficiency, former base generation Less, the problems such as former base and young mushroom resistance are poor, finished product mushroom appearance is plain, poor quality, improves the economic benefit of the producer.
Above-mentioned purpose of the invention is realized by following technical solutions:
The cultivation of six younger sister hickory chicks and field management method, in this method comprises:
1) the cultural hypha stage applies 2~5kg of phosphoric acid dihydro amine, 5~15kg of humic acid and 1~5kg of potash fertilizer mixing per acre Liquid 1~3 time, the control soil moisture is lower than 20 DEG C, soil moisture 55~65%, air humidity 60~85%, gas concentration lwevel 350~600ppm, 50~100LX of intensity of illumination.
2) former base differential period carries out 2~4 spun lacings and swashs, presses 0.5~2kg/h ˙ m with trickle irrigation every time2Continuous pouring 10~ 40h, every 7~10 days primary, and the control soil moisture is 8~15 DEG C, soil moisture 45~55%, air humidity 60~85%, two Aoxidize 350~600ppm of concentration of carbon, 100~200LX of intensity of illumination.
3) mushroom flower bud manages and protects the stage, and each canopy (film) opaco ventilation opening of opening is divulged information 3~5 times sooner or later, every time 10~50min, Control the soil moisture be lower than 15 DEG C, soil moisture 50~60%, air humidity 60~85%, gas concentration lwevel 350~ 600ppm, 100~250LX of intensity of illumination.
4) young mushroom management phase, daytime open canopy (film) opaco ventilation opening, keep in canopy air themperature at 15~22 DEG C, The soil moisture is lower than 15 DEG C, soil moisture 60~65%, air humidity 80~95%, 400~700ppm of gas concentration lwevel, light It according to 400~5000LX of intensity, controls temperature of shed and is no more than 25 DEG C, until first batch of mushroom harvesting terminates.
5) compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=15:15:15) 5~10kg, 1~5kg of sugar is sprayed per acre after first batch of mushroom harvesting With 1~5kg of potash fertilizer mixed liquor 1~3 time, every 5~10 days are primary.
The present invention provides a kind of field management method for the six younger sister hickory chicks cultivation that repeatability is high, is easily managed, this method Six younger sister's hickory chick former bases can be promoted to generate, improve its former base and young mushroom resistance, and finished product mushroom appearance and quality can be improved.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, invention is further explained, but embodiment is merely to illustrate, and can not limit The scope of the invention processed.
Embodiment 1:
It sequentially includes the following steps:
1) the cultural hypha stage has cultivated in the soil of six younger sister hickory chicks per acre and has applied humic acid 5kg, phosphoric acid dihydro amine 2kg and potassium chloride 1kg mixed liquor 3 times, the control soil moisture are 18~20 DEG C, soil moisture 45~55%, air humidity 60~ 85%, 350~600ppm of gas concentration lwevel, 50~100LX of intensity of illumination.
2) former base differential period carries out 3 spun lacings and swashs, presses 0.5kg/h ˙ m with trickle irrigation every time2Continuous pouring 20h, every 10 days Once, the control soil moisture is 8~15 DEG C, soil moisture 45~55%, air humidity 60~85%, gas concentration lwevel 350 ~600ppm, 100~200LX of intensity of illumination.
3) mushroom flower bud manages and protects the stage, and each canopy (film) opaco ventilation opening of opening is divulged information 3 times, each 40min sooner or later, controls soil Temperature is lower than 15 DEG C, soil moisture 50~60%, air humidity 60~85%, 350~600ppm of gas concentration lwevel, and illumination is strong Spend 100~250LX.
4) young mushroom management phase, daytime open canopy (film) opaco ventilation opening, keep in canopy air themperature at 15~22 DEG C, The soil moisture is lower than 15 DEG C, soil moisture 60~65%, air humidity 80~95%, 400~700ppm of gas concentration lwevel, light It according to 400~5000LX of intensity, controls temperature of shed and is no more than 25 DEG C, until first batch of mushroom harvesting terminates.
5) compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=15:15:15) 5kg, glucose 1kg and chlorine is sprayed per acre after first batch of mushroom harvesting Change potassium 2kg mixed liquor 2 times, every 10 days primary.
Embodiment 2:
It sequentially includes the following steps:
1) the cultural hypha stage has cultivated in the soil of six younger sister hickory chicks per acre and has applied humic acid 5kg, phosphoric acid dihydro amine 5kg and potassium chloride 1kg mixed liquor 1 time;And controlling the soil moisture is 18~20 DEG C, soil moisture 45~55%, air humidity 60 ~85%, 350~600ppm of gas concentration lwevel, 50~100LX of intensity of illumination.
2) former base differential period carries out 3 spun lacings and swashs, presses 1kg/h ˙ m with trickle irrigation every time2Continuous pouring 19h, every 10 days one It is secondary;Controlling the soil moisture is 8~15 DEG C, soil moisture 45~55%, air humidity 60~85%, gas concentration lwevel 350~ 600ppm, 100~200LX of intensity of illumination.
3) mushroom flower bud manages and protects the stage, and each canopy (film) opaco ventilation opening of opening is divulged information 5 times, each 30min sooner or later, controls soil Temperature is lower than 15 DEG C, soil moisture 50~60%, air humidity 60~85%, 350~600ppm of gas concentration lwevel, and illumination is strong Spend 100~250LX.
4) young mushroom management phase, daytime open canopy (film) opaco ventilation opening, keep in canopy air themperature at 15~22 DEG C, The soil moisture is lower than 15 DEG C, soil moisture 60~65%, air humidity 80~95%, 400~700ppm of gas concentration lwevel, light It according to 400~5000LX of intensity, controls temperature of shed and is no more than 25 DEG C, until first batch of mushroom harvesting terminates.
5) compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=15:15:15) 5kg, sucrose 2kg and chlorination is sprayed per acre after first batch of mushroom harvesting Potassium 1kg mixed liquor 2 times, every 7 days primary.
Embodiment 3:
It sequentially includes the following steps:
1) the cultural hypha stage has cultivated in the soil of six younger sister hickory chicks per acre and has applied humic acid 10kg, phosphoric acid dihydro amine 5kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1kg mixed liquor 1 time;Controlling the soil moisture is 18~20 DEG C, soil moisture 45~55%, air humidity 60~85%, 350~600ppm of gas concentration lwevel, 50~100LX of intensity of illumination.
2) former base differential period carries out 2 spun lacings and swashs, presses 2kg/h ˙ m with trickle irrigation every time2Continuous pouring 12h, every 10 days one It is secondary;Controlling the soil moisture is 8~15 DEG C, soil moisture 45~55%, air humidity 60~85%, gas concentration lwevel 350~ 600ppm, 100~200LX of intensity of illumination.
3) mushroom flower bud manages and protects the stage, and each canopy (film) opaco ventilation opening of opening is divulged information 5 times, each 20min sooner or later, controls soil Temperature is lower than 15 DEG C, soil moisture 50~60%, air humidity 60~85%, 350~600ppm of gas concentration lwevel, and illumination is strong Spend 100~250LX.
4) young mushroom management phase, daytime open canopy (film) opaco ventilation opening, keep in canopy air themperature at 15~22 DEG C, The soil moisture is lower than 15 DEG C, soil moisture 60~65%, air humidity 80~95%, 400~600ppm of gas concentration lwevel, light It according to 400~5000LX of intensity, controls temperature of shed and is no more than 25 DEG C, until first batch of mushroom harvesting terminates.
5) compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=15:15:15) 5kg, sucrose 1kg and phosphoric acid is sprayed per acre after first batch of mushroom harvesting Potassium dihydrogen 2kg mixed liquor 3 times, every 5 days primary.

Claims (8)

1. cultivation and the field management method of six younger sister hickory chicks, it is characterised in that this method comprises: 1) the cultural hypha stage, per acre 2~5kg of phosphoric acid dihydro amine, 5~15kg of humic acid and 1~5kg of potash fertilizer mixed liquor 1~3 time are applied, the control soil moisture is lower than 20 DEG C, soil moisture 55~65%, air humidity 60~85%, 350~600ppm of gas concentration lwevel, intensity of illumination 50~ 100LX;2) former base differential period carries out 1~4 spun lacing and swashs, and the control soil moisture is 8~15 DEG C, soil moisture 45~55%, Air humidity 60~85%, 350~600ppm of gas concentration lwevel, 100~200LX of intensity of illumination;3) mushroom flower bud manages and protects the stage, early Late respectively to open canopy or the ventilation of film opaco ventilation opening 3~5 times, the control soil moisture is lower than 15 DEG C, soil moisture 50~60%, sky Air humidity degree 60~85%, 350~600ppm of gas concentration lwevel, 100~250LX of intensity of illumination;4) young mushroom management phase, daytime Canopy or film opaco ventilation opening are opened, air themperature is at 15~22 DEG C in holding canopy, and the soil moisture is lower than 15 DEG C, soil moisture 60 ~65%, air humidity 80~95%, 400~700ppm of gas concentration lwevel, 400~5000LX of intensity of illumination, until first Stubble mushroom harvesting terminates;5) compound fertilizer, sugar and potash fertilizer mixed liquor 1~3 time are sprayed after the harvesting of first batch of mushroom.
2. cultivation and the field management method of six younger sisters hickory chick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mycelia training The stage of supporting, mixed humic acid, phosphoric acid dihydro amine and the potash fertilizer mixed liquor applied was 7~10 days primary.
3. cultivation and the field management method of six younger sisters hickory chick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the spun lacing The method of swashing are as follows: press 0.5~2kg/h ˙ m with trickle irrigation every time210~40h of continuous pouring.
4. cultivation and the field management method of six younger sisters hickory chick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mushroom flower bud pipe The shield stage, each unlatching canopy or film opaco ventilation opening were divulged information 3~5 times sooner or later, every time 10~40min.
5. cultivation and the field management method of six younger sisters hickory chick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described first batch 5~10kg of compound fertilizer, 1~5kg of sugar and potash fertilizer 1~5kg mixed liquor are sprayed after mushroom harvesting per acre, every 5~7 days primary.
6. cultivation and the field management method of six younger sisters hickory chick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the potash fertilizer is Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
7. cultivation and the field management method of six younger sisters hickory chick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sugar is Portugal Grape sugar, barley-sugar or sucrose.
8. cultivation and the field management method of six younger sisters hickory chick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the compound fertilizer Middle nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=15: 15: 15.
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CN109496682A (en) * 2018-11-28 2019-03-22 湖南金芙农业科技有限公司 A kind of production method of hickory chick
CN110612855A (en) * 2019-04-26 2019-12-27 管俊林 Technology for promoting growth of morchella through high-voltage static electricity
CN112997801A (en) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-22 上海市农业科学院 Yield increasing agent for increasing yield of morchella and application thereof
CN113615476A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-09 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 Cultivation method of morchella

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