CN107484456B - Cultivation method for improving yield and quality of cistanche - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving yield and quality of cistanche Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of cistanche, which comprises the steps of selecting annual haloxylon seedlings to be planted in desertification loess in spring or autumn every year, applying 2000 g/plant of humus soil with the planting density of 100 + 350 plants/mu, watering in time after planting to ensure the survival rate, inoculating a cistanche seed mixture after the haloxylon seedlings grow to about 1.5 m, applying 2000 g/plant of humus soil again with the inoculation time of 3-5 months or 10-12 months every year, wherein the cistanche seed mixture comprises: the cistanche deserticola seed is soaked by seed soaking liquid, sucrose, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and mint powder, the seed soaking liquid is 3-5mg/L of fluopyridone solution, the seed soaking time is 12-36 hours, and the cistanche deserticola seed is soaked and dried in the shade to obtain the cistanche deserticola seed. According to the cultivation method, the inoculation method of the cistanche seeds is simple, the germination of the cistanche seeds can be effectively promoted, the yield of the cistanche artificially planted on the desertification loess is improved, and meanwhile, the content of active ingredients including echinacoside and verbascoside in the cistanche artificially planted is obviously improved by screening the composition of the cistanche seed mixture, the quality of the cistanche artificially planted is improved, and the drug effect and the economic benefit of the cistanche artificially planted are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gardening, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving yield and quality of cistanche.
Background
Cistanche deserticola (Herba Cistanches), also called Heishiking, Jiangxian, Cistanchis Herba, is a perennial parasitic tall herb of cistanche genus (Cistanches) of Orobanchaceae, with a height of 40-160cm, a flowering period of 5-6 months and a fruit period of 6-8 months, is a special famous and precious medicinal material in desert areas such as Xinjiang, inner Mongolia, Gansu and Ningxia in China, and is different with parasitic plants. Mainly includes Cistanche deserticola (Cistanche deseristoloa Y.C.Ma.), Cistanche tubulosa (Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R.Wight) and Cistanche salsa (Cistanche salsa (C.A.Mey.) G.Benk.). Cistanche deserticola is a famous tonifying traditional Chinese medicine, has the efficacies of tonifying kidney yang, benefiting essence and blood, and relaxing bowel, and has the reputation of desert ginseng. Modern pharmacological research shows that cistanche has the functions of improving sexual function, resisting senility, improving learning and memory ability, resisting senile dementia, improving immunologic function and the like, and is widely used for medicines and health-care products. With the improvement of the living standard of people and the aging of population, the market demand of the cistanche rapidly increases. However, due to the parasitic characteristics of cistanche, the natural breeding capability is very low, and a large amount of cistanche is unreasonably mined for a long time, so that wild cistanche resources are exhausted, the ecological environment of deserts and desert regions is seriously damaged, and the land desertification is aggravated together with the gradual deterioration of the global climate environment.
In order to relieve the contradiction between supply and demand of cistanche and improve the environment of desertification areas, the artificial planting of cistanche has been widely and effectively tested and researched in China, although people have clearly recognized the parasitic mechanism of cistanche, the artificial planting of cistanche still faces low inoculation efficiency, extremely unstable yield and quality of cistanche, greatly influences the drug effect of cistanche and the economic benefit of artificial planting of cistanche, leads the artificial planting of cistanche to face the embarrassment similar to artificial planting of ginseng, is not beneficial to keeping the drug effect of cistanche, is not beneficial to promoting the management of the environment of desertification areas and is not beneficial to maintaining the recognition of consumers on the artificial planting of cistanche.
Aiming at the difficult problem of unstable yield and quality of artificially planted cistanche deserticola, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of artificially planted cistanche deserticola.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the yield and the quality of artificially planted cistanche, which comprises the following steps:
(1) planting a host: selecting annual haloxylon ammodendron seedlings to be planted on the desertified loess in spring or autumn every year, applying 1000-2000g of humus soil per plant, and planting density of 100-350 plants per mu, and watering the plants in time to ensure the survival rate of the haloxylon ammodendron seedlings;
(2) inoculating cistanche salsa: inoculating the cistanche seed mixture after the spindle tree seedlings grow to about 1.5 m, wherein the inoculation time is 3-5 months or 10-12 months per year, ditching or digging is carried out at a position 50-100cm away from the roots of the spindle tree, the depth of the ditch or the pit is 30-90cm, 40-100g of the cistanche seed mixture is applied to each plant, and 2000g of humus soil is applied again;
preferably, the planting density of the haloxylon ammodendron seedlings is 300 plants/mu;
the cistanche deserticola seed mixture comprises: seed of herba cistanches, sucrose, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and herba Menthae powder;
the seed soaking liquid is 3-5mg/L of a fluazinone solution;
the seed soaking treatment comprises the following steps: screening cistanche seeds with the diameter of more than or equal to 0.6mm, soaking the seeds for 12-36 hours by using a 3-5mg/L fluopyridone solution, and drying in the shade to obtain the cistanche seeds subjected to seed soaking treatment by the seed soaking solution;
the cistanche deserticola seed mixture comprises: 30-100 cistanche seeds treated by seed soaking with seed soaking liquid, 30-50g of sucrose, 10-50g of L-tyrosine and 10-50g of L-phenylalanine, and adding mint powder to 500 g;
more preferably, the cistanche seed mixture comprises: 50 cistanche seeds treated by seed soaking with seed soaking liquid, 30g of cane sugar, 30g of L-tyrosine and 40g of L-phenylalanine, and mint powder is added to 500 g.
The distance between the ditch or the pit and the root of the halaxylon ammodendron seedling is 60cm, and the depth of the ditch or the pit is 70 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the planting density and the planting time of the halaxylon ammodendron seedlings, the cistanche seed treatment method, the inoculation time and the composition of the cistanche seed mixture are optimized, so that the inoculation steps are simplified, the germination proportion of the cistanche seeds is increased, the success rate of inoculation is increased, the ecological environment of a desertification area is improved, and the yield of cistanche is obviously increased.
According to the method, the components of a cistanche seed mixture are screened and optimized, the sucrose, the L-tyrosine, the L-phenylalanine and the mint powder are added, nutrient substances required by the germination and growth of cistanche are guaranteed, the contents of echinacoside and verbascoside in cistanche can be obviously improved, particularly the mint powder is added, the contents of echinacoside and verbascoside in cistanche decoction pieces planted manually are respectively improved by 10 times and 8 times, so that the quality of the cistanche planted manually is obviously improved, the contents of echinacoside and verbascoside in the corresponding cistanche decoction pieces are even higher than those of wild cistanche, the drug effect and the economic benefit of the cistanche planted manually can be effectively improved, and the approval degree of consumers for the cistanche planted manually is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in more detail below to facilitate an understanding of the present invention.
It should be understood that the terms or words used in the specification and claims should not be construed as having meanings defined in dictionaries, but should be interpreted as having meanings that are consistent with their meanings in the context of the present invention on the basis of the following principles: the concept of terms may be defined appropriately by the inventors for the best explanation of the invention.
Example 1: the influence of different cultivation methods on germination rate of cistanche seeds, cistanche yield and echinacoside and verbascoside content in cistanche
1.1, a cultivation method:
(1) planting a host: selecting annual haloxylon ammodendron seedlings to be planted on the desertified loess in spring every year, planting 3 mu of haloxylon ammodendron seedlings into three groups, namely an experimental group, a control group 1 and a control group 2 in sequence, applying 1000g of humus to each seedling, planting the haloxylon ammodendron seedlings with the planting density of 300 seedlings per mu, and watering the seedlings in time to ensure the survival rate of the haloxylon ammodendron seedlings;
(2) inoculating cistanche salsa: inoculating the cistanche seed mixture after the halaxylon ammodendron seedlings grow to about 1.5 m, wherein the inoculation time is 3 months, ditching is carried out at a position 60cm away from the roots of the halaxylon ammodendron seedlings, the depth of the ditch is 70cm, 100g of the cistanche seed mixture is applied to each halaxylon ammodendron seedling, and 1000g of humus soil is applied again;
the seed soaking liquid is 5mg/L of a fluopyridone solution;
the seed soaking treatment comprises the following steps: screening cistanche seeds with the diameter of more than or equal to 0.6mm, soaking seeds for 24 hours by using 5mg/L of fluopyridone solution, and drying in the shade to obtain the cistanche seeds subjected to seed soaking treatment by the seed soaking solution;
the cistanche deserticola seed mixture consists of the following components:
experimental groups: 50 cistanche seeds which are treated by seed soaking through seed soaking liquid, 30g of cane sugar, 30g of L-tyrosine and 40g of L-phenylalanine are added with mint powder to 500g and evenly mixed to obtain the feed additive;
control group 1: 50 cistanche seeds which are treated by seed soaking by a seed soaking solution, 30g of cane sugar, 30g of L-tyrosine and 40g of L-phenylalanine are added with humus to 500g and are evenly mixed to obtain the feed additive;
control group 2: 50 cistanche seeds which are treated by seed soaking by the seed soaking liquid are added with humus soil to 500g and evenly mixed to obtain the cistanche seed soaking liquid.
And (4) carrying out conventional field management on the three groups of inoculated cistanche deserticola, wherein the field management comprises pest control, timely water supplement and unsuccessful timely seedling and inoculation of the halaxylon ammodendron, and the steps of seedling and inoculation are the same as those of the planting and inoculation method.
1.2 harvesting and processing
And (3) calculating the number of the remaining haloxylon ammodendron trees in each group after three years of inoculation, harvesting cistanche, calculating the yield of the cistanche in the experimental group, the control group 1 and the control group 2 in the third year after inoculation, cutting the harvested cistanche into 4mm thick slices, killing enzyme at 70 ℃ for 6 minutes, and drying in the sun to obtain the cistanche decoction pieces.
1.3 determination of echinacoside and verbascoside content in Cistanchis herba decoction pieces
The contents of echinacoside and verbascoside of cistanche decoction pieces in the three groups are simultaneously measured by using HPLC, and the measuring method comprises the following steps:
preparation of control solutions:
the echinacoside and verbascoside reference substances are precisely weighed and added with a mobile phase to respectively prepare 0.12mg/mL echinacoside solution and 0.18mg/mL verbascoside solution.
Preparing a cistanche solution:
respectively taking 1g of cistanche deserticola beverage of an experimental group, a control group 1 and a control group 2, crushing, sieving by a No. 6 sieve, adding 50mL of mobile phase, weighing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, soaking for 1 hour, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes again, weighing again, supplementing the reduced weight by using the mobile phase, shaking up, centrifuging, taking supernatant, and filtering by using a 0.45 mu m microporous filter membrane to obtain the cistanche deserticola solution of the experimental group, the control group 1 and the control group 2.
Chromatographic conditions for HPLC detection:
a YMC-Pack ODS-A (4.6 mm. times.250 mm,5 μm, YMC Co, Ltd, Japan) column was used with A mobile phase of 10:15:75 CH3CN-MeOH-1% HAc, detection wavelength of 334nm, flow rate of 0.7mL/min, column temperature of 30 ℃, theoretical plate number calculated according to echinacoside and verbascoside peaks of no less than 5000.
1.4 results of the experiment
1.4.1 Effect of cultivation method on Cistanchis herba yield
The number of live tatarinow trees and the yield of cistanche deserticola in the third year after inoculation in the experimental group, the control group 1 and the control group 2 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different cultivation methods on Cistanchis herba yield
| Group of | Quantity of shuttlecock trees | Yield (Kg) of cistanche |
| Experimental group | 215 | 31.8 |
| Control group 1 | 230 | 34.6 |
| Control group 2 | 210 | 32.8 |
The experimental results in table 1 show that the haloxylon ammodendron trees planted on the desertification loess in the three groups of cultivation methods all obtain higher survival rate, and the acre yield of the three groups of cistanche in the third year after inoculation all exceeds 30Kg, which indicates that the cultivation method of the invention effectively improves the yield of the cistanche deserticola in the desertification loess soil, the survival rate of the haloxylon ammodendron trees in the three groups is higher, and the difference is not large, while the yield of the cistanche deserticola is highest in the control group 1 because the survival rate of the haloxylon ammodendron trees is higher than that of the other two groups.
1.4.2 Effect of different cultivation methods on echinacoside and verbascoside content in Cistanchis herba
The results of different cultivation methods on the effect of echinacoside and verbascoside contents in cistanche are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of different cultivation methods on echinacoside and verbascoside contents in Cistanchis herba
| Group of | Echinacoside content (%) | Verbascoside content (%) |
| Experimental group | 11.249 | 2.157 |
| Control group 1 | 5.424 | 0.792 |
| Control group 2 | 0.956 | 0.221 |
The experimental results in table 2 show that the composition of the cistanche seed mixture has significant influence on the contents of echinacoside and verbascoside in cistanche, and the control group 2 only adding humus soil in cistanche seeds has low contents of echinacoside and verbascoside in cistanche decoction pieces obtained by the cultivation method and poor quality of the obtained cistanche decoction pieces although the final yield of cistanche is not greatly different from other groups.
The control group 1 of sucrose, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and humus soil is added into the cistanche seed mixture, the yield of cistanche is not obviously influenced, the contents of echinacoside and verbascoside in the cistanche beverage are obviously improved, wherein the content of echinacoside is improved by more than 4 times, and the content of verbascoside is also improved by more than 2 times, which shows that the contents of echinacoside and verbascoside in the artificially planted cistanche beverage can be obviously improved after the mixture of sucrose, L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine is added into the cistanche seed mixture, and the quality of the artificially planted cistanche is improved.
The cistanche yield of an experimental group added with sucrose, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and mint powder in a cistanche seed mixture is slightly lower than that of a control group 1 and a control group 2, but the contents of echinacoside and verbascoside in cistanche decoction pieces obtained by the method are unexpectedly and remarkably improved, wherein the content of echinacoside is improved by more than 10 times compared with the control group 2 only added with humus soil in the cistanche seed mixture, the content of echinacoside is also improved by more than 1 time compared with the control group 1 added with sucrose, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and humus soil in the cistanche seed mixture, and the content of verbascoside is respectively improved by more than 8 times and more than 1 time compared with the control group 2 and the control group 1.
The experimental results in table 2 fully show that echinacoside and verbascoside in the cistanche decoction pieces obtained by the cultivation method are unexpectedly and remarkably improved, and the content of corresponding components is even higher than that of wild cistanche, so that the cultivation method remarkably improves the quality of artificially planted cistanche while improving the yield of the artificially planted cistanche, has huge social and economic benefits, is beneficial to improving the drug effect of the artificially planted cistanche, improves the acceptance of consumers on the artificially planted cistanche, and is suitable for wide popularization in deserts and desertification areas.
The foregoing describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the invention thereto. Modifications and variations of the embodiments disclosed herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method for improving the yield and the quality of cistanche deserticola is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) planting a host: selecting annual haloxylon ammodendron seedlings to be planted on the desertified loess in spring or autumn every year, applying 1000-2000g of humus soil per plant, and planting density of 100-350 plants per mu, and watering the plants in time to ensure the survival rate of the haloxylon ammodendron seedlings;
(2) inoculating cistanche salsa: inoculating the cistanche seed mixture after the spindle tree seedlings grow to about 1.5 m, wherein the inoculation time is 3-5 months or 10-12 months per year, ditching or digging is carried out at a position 50-100cm away from the roots of the spindle tree, the depth of the ditch or the pit is 30-90cm, 40-100g of the cistanche seed mixture is applied to each plant, and 2000g of humus soil is applied again;
the cistanche deserticola seed mixture comprises: cistanche seeds, cane sugar, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and mint powder which are subjected to seed soaking treatment by a seed soaking liquid, wherein the seed soaking liquid is a 3-5mg/L fluopyridone solution.
2. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of cistanche deserticola as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cistanche deserticola seed mixture comprises: 30-100 cistanche seeds treated by seed soaking with seed soaking liquid, 30-50g of cane sugar, 10-50g of L-tyrosine and 10-50g of L-phenylalanine, and adding mint powder to 500 g.
3. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of cistanche deserticola as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the cistanche deserticola seed mixture comprises: 50 cistanche seeds treated by seed soaking with seed soaking liquid, 30g of cane sugar, 30g of L-tyrosine and 40g of L-phenylalanine, and mint powder is added to 500 g.
4. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of cistanche deserticola as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the planting density of the halaxylon ammodendron seedlings is 300 plants/mu.
5. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of cistanche deserticola as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed soaking solution is 5mg/L of fluopyridone solution.
6. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of cistanche deserticola as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed soaking treatment comprises the following steps: screening cistanche seeds with the diameter of more than or equal to 0.6mm, soaking the seeds for 12-36 hours by using a 3-5mg/L fluopyridone solution, and drying in the shade to obtain the cistanche seeds subjected to seed soaking treatment by the seed soaking solution.
7. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of cistanche deserticola as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (1), 1000g of humus soil is applied per plant; in the step (2), 100g of cistanche seed mixture is applied to each plant, and 1000g of humus soil is applied to each plant again.
8. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of cistanche deserticola as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the groove or pit is 60cm from the root of the halaxylon ammodendron seedlings, and the depth of the groove or pit is 70 cm.
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| CN109526615A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-03-29 | 甘肃瀚海奇珍农业开发有限公司 | A kind of Herba Cistanches high-yield disease resisting cultural method |
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| 不同影响因素下肉苁蓉中3种活性成分的定量分析;蔡鸿，等;《中草药》;20131130;第44卷(第22期);第3223-3230页 * |
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