CN107466516B - Method for improving deep soil of old orchard tree - Google Patents

Method for improving deep soil of old orchard tree Download PDF

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CN107466516B
CN107466516B CN201710727046.7A CN201710727046A CN107466516B CN 107466516 B CN107466516 B CN 107466516B CN 201710727046 A CN201710727046 A CN 201710727046A CN 107466516 B CN107466516 B CN 107466516B
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soil
fertilizer
drilled
space
hole
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CN107466516A (en
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李志军
王然
马春晖
李鼎立
宋健坤
杨英杰
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees comprises the following steps: (1) planning: planning scattered drilling holes, wherein the drilling holes are positioned in the vertical projection of the crown, and the distance from the drilling holes to the trunk of the old tree is not less than 80 cm; (2) drilling a hole: adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 15-20cm, drilling a drilled hole with the depth of 50-80cm according to the planned position, taking out all soil in the hole when the drill bit is lifted, and quickly inserting a fertilizing cylinder matched with the drilled hole into the hole to prevent the collapse of the inner wall of the drilled hole from influencing the depth of the drilled hole; (3) fertilizing: according to the requirement of soil improvement, the formula fertilizer which is stirred in advance is applied, and after the fertilizer is applied, the fertilizing cylinder is pulled out, and drilled holes are filled. The drill bit with the diameter of 15-20cm is the optimal diameter for ensuring the maximum fertilizing amount and the minimum root injury degree of a 40-80cm drilled hole; the drilling is light in the damage to the roots of big trees, the fertilizing depth is deep and adjustable, and by utilizing the characteristic, according to the sampling analysis of deep soil, the steps of fertilizing the soil formula year by year, restoring the ecological environment of the soil and adjusting the pH value of the soil are carried out.

Description

Method for improving deep soil of old orchard tree
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, particularly relates to a technology for improving deep soil in old trees in an orchard, and particularly relates to a technology for improving and repairing the deep soil environment in crown breadth of a fruit tree under the condition of not damaging the normal growth environment of the old trees so as to achieve the rejuvenation effect of the old trees.
Background
In order to obtain high yield and good economic benefit in fruit tree production, fruit growers can fertilize fruit trees according to different growing seasons, tree ages and yields. The traditional fertilization modes comprise furrow application, hole application, broadcast application and water flushing application, wherein the fertilization depth is mostly 0-20cm (surface layer) soil, and the fertilization depth of a small part of the fertilizer can reach 20-40cm (subsurface layer) soil. However, the shallow depth of the absorbed roots is determined by the shallow fertilization depth due to the poor mobility of the phosphate fertilizer and part of the medium trace elements in the soil. When the fruit tree seedlings are planted in new soil, the soil is rich in organic matters and medium trace elements, the soil in the soil environment is good in granular structure, high in air permeability and stable in microbial colony, a foundation for vigorous growth of fruit tree saplings is laid, and the roots of the fruit trees can be up to more than 2 meters in depth according to investigation of 5-year-old fruit trees. In the early stage of fruit bearing of fruit trees, the yield is high, the fruits are large and uniform, and the fruit quality is excellent, which benefits from high-quality soil.
With the growth of fruit trees, the increase of yield and the more serious crown connection phenomenon, the overground and underground growth range of the fruit trees can only grow within the range of plant row spacing. In order to ensure stable and high yield, the use amount of the fertilizer is only increased. The traditional fertilizing method is characterized in that: 1. the damage to roots is more during fertilization; 2. the fertilization depth is 0-30cm, and the fertilizer obtained from the soil below 30cm can only be transferred by the gradient of the fertilizer concentration of the soil above 30cm in a decreasing manner, so that the transfer effect is worse for some element fertilizers with poor mobility; 3. the absorbed roots are distributed in the soil layer of 0-40cm, the drought and waterlogging resistance of the fruit tree is weakened, and the three-dimensional space for the root growth is reduced; the soil layer of 4.0-40cm is reused year after year, the mineral nutrient elements in the soil are supplemented every year but have unbalance phenomenon, and the soil ecological environment is damaged to different degrees, such as soil granular structure, soil volume weight, microbial community, soil carbon/nitrogen ratio, microbial biomass carbon, catalase, invertase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and the like. For older fruit trees, such as 20 years old, the absorbing roots under the canopy continuously absorb soil mineral nutrients-grow-die-regrowth-die again, and so forth throughout the week to supply nutrients required for overground part growth. The soil with the depth of 30-40cm is transferred in a gradient decreasing mode to obtain partial nutrients and maintain the growth of a small amount of roots, the soil with the depth of 40-80cm cannot be supplemented with various nutrients, the nutrients in the soil can be absorbed year by year and are reduced year by year, and the mineral nutrients in the soil are exhausted year by year. The reason why the old people age the legs first and the trees die and die the roots first is that the deep roots are starved because the nutrition of the deep soil of the fruit trees cannot be supplemented. That is, in general, due to the growing general formula of fruit trees year by year, the three-dimensional space for root growth is gradually reduced; thereby leading to the death and the weakening of the absorption capacity of underground roots, further causing the nutrient shortage, the weakening of the growth, the reduction of the fruiting quantity of overground branches and the weakening of trees.
The invention patent of invention patent application 201610280517.X discloses a fruit tree drilling fertilization method, which solves the problems of heavy root injury, labor waste and slow fertilization mode of the traditional fertilization mode. The application describes that the fertilizing method has light root damage, but the method is used for applying base fertilizer, the applied base fertilizer is cylindrical base fertilizer formed by organic fertilizer such as livestock manure, the diameter of a fertilizing hole is 15-30cm, the depth of the fertilizing hole is 30-50cm, the diameter of the cylindrical base fertilizer forming body is 1-3cm smaller than that of the fertilizing hole, and the depth of the cylindrical base fertilizer forming body is 5-15cm shorter than that of the fertilizing hole; the step of forming the base fertilizer is added, thereby improving the cost. In addition, the invention omits the organic fertilizer composting that microorganisms decompose macromolecular organic matters into micromolecular organic matters, which is beneficial to the absorption of capillary roots; the organic fertilizer is extruded into the columnar organic fertilizer, and simultaneously, air in the organic fertilizer is extruded out to form oxygen deficiency, so that the decomposition of microorganisms on organic matters is delayed, and the fertilizer efficiency is not favorably exerted. The utility model ZL 201521018878.4 discloses "an integrated sleeve pipe fertilizer injection unit that fruit tree drilling fertilizied", this patent inserts the diameter 5-20cm, and the plastic tubing of length 50-80cm in the soil of tree owner root direction, requires that the plastic tubing wall has the aperture, and the contained angle that inserts the angle and become 60-70 with ground, fertilizes the deep hole interval 60-100cm, and life is 20 years, uses fertilizer to be liquid fertilizer. By adopting the fertilizing device, the roots can be guided to develop to the deep soil; however, the plastic pipes are inserted into the fixed positions under the trees, only liquid fertilizer can be used, the absorption roots are all around the fertilization sleeves, and the space utilization rate of other soil is still low.
The traditional fertilizing method has heavy damaged roots and shallow fertilizing depth, cannot fertilize and repair soil layers 40-80cm or even deeper below the crown width, and solves the problems of how to fertilize deep soil, adjust and repair soil ecological environment, culture microbial colonies and the like under the condition of ensuring normal growth of fruit trees.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees, which aims to solve the problems that the survival conditions of deep soil of old orchard trees are gradually worsened, so that the bodies of fruit trees are weakened and the yield is reduced. The method provided by the invention is used for fertilizing deep soil under the crown, restoring soil ecological environment and microbial colony, adjusting soil pH value, expanding the deep root growth space and the number of absorbed roots of the fruit tree, and providing guarantee for stable and high yield of the fruit tree and slowing down the aging of the tree body.
The method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees comprises the following steps: (1) planning: planning scattered drilling holes, wherein the drilling holes are positioned in the vertical projection of the crown, and the distance from the drilling holes to the trunk of the old tree is not less than 80 cm; (2) drilling a hole: adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 15-20cm, drilling a drilled hole with the depth of 50-80cm according to the planned position, taking out all soil in the hole when the drill bit is lifted, and quickly inserting a fertilizing cylinder matched with the drilled hole into the hole to prevent the collapse of the inner wall of the drilled hole from influencing the depth of the drilled hole; (3) fertilizing: according to the requirement of soil improvement, the formula fertilizer which is stirred in advance is applied, and after the fertilizer is applied, the fertilizing cylinder is pulled out, and drilled holes are filled. The drill bit with the diameter of 15-20cm is the optimal diameter for ensuring the maximum fertilizing amount and the minimum root injury degree of a 40-80cm drilled hole; the drilling is light in the damage to the roots of big trees, the fertilizing depth is deep and adjustable, and by utilizing the characteristic, according to the sampling analysis of deep soil, the steps of fertilizing the soil formula year by year, restoring the ecological environment of the soil and adjusting the pH value of the soil are carried out.
The drilling holes distributed in a point-scattered manner in the step (1) are specifically distributed as follows: the number of the drilled holes is 0.8-1.2m per ground area21-2 holes are drilled every year. Wherein, the drilling of 1 hole every year means that one hole is drilled every spring or autumn; the 2 holes drilled every year mean that one hole is drilled in spring and autumn respectively.
Wherein, the drilled holes in the step (2) are drilled in batches year by year, the drilled holes are continuously drilled for 4 to 5 years, and the density of the drilled holes reaches 0.8 to 1.2m per ground area per year21-2 holes are drilled each year, and the positions of all the drilled holes are not coincident. Therefore, the comprehensive improvement of the deep soil under the crown is realized, the fruit tree yield is ensured, and the economic benefit is improved.
The fertilization method in the step (3) is specifically as follows: filling and fertilizing all drilled spaces; fertilizing a space A drilled with a hole far away from the ground surface, and filling soil into a space B close to the ground surface, wherein the minimum distance between the space A and the ground surface is 40cm, and the depth of the space A is 10-40 cm; thereby achieving the purpose of deep application of the fertilizer to a certain depth. Thirdly, applying a formula fertilizer to a space A drilled with a hole far away from the ground surface, and filling a space B close to the ground surface with B fertilizers; a certain interval is arranged between the space A and the space B. The minimum distance between the space A and the earth surface is 40cm, and the depth of the space A is 10-40 cm; the depth of the space B is 30-40cm, the interval between the formula fertilizer and the fertilizer B is 0-10cm, and the interval is filled with soil, broken grass or straw powder.
The formula fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 30-60 parts of organic fertilizer, 1-10 parts of beneficial bacteria and 20-40 parts of soil. The inorganic fertilizer is one or two or three of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and one or more of calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and iron fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is one or more of soybean meal, plant straw powder mixed with beneficial bacteria, seaweed residues, furfural residues and livestock and poultry manure fermented by the beneficial bacteria. The consumption of the beneficial strains is not more than 10 percent; the beneficial bacteria are selected from lactic acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, gram-positive actinomycete, fermentative filamentous bacteria and Bacillus subtilis. The proportion of the soil is not less than 20 percent, and the soil has the function of eliminating the overhigh osmotic pressure of the fertilizer and is beneficial to the absorption of roots to the fertilizer. The fertilizer formula can supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium trace elements to soil, increase organic matters, adjust the pH value of the soil, improve the granular structure of the soil and increase the microbial community of the soil.
The formula fertilizer also comprises a compound microbial organic fertilizer, and the proportion of the compound microbial organic fertilizer is not more than 50% in parts by weight. The formula fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4.5-30 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 15-60 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.5-8 parts of beneficial bacteria, 10-40 parts of compound microbial organic fertilizer and 20-40 parts of soil. The compound microbial organic fertilizer is a compound microbial organic fertilizer sold in the market (a manufacturer: sunshine Yikang organic agriculture science and technology development limited company; a trade name: Haishengbao brand compound microbial organic fertilizer). The fertilizer contains high-quality organic matters, compound beneficial bacteria, fulvic acid, amino acid, plant endogenous enzyme and natural medium and trace elements required by the growth of calcium, silicon, iron and magnesium plants, is chelated by an advanced production process, and is quick-acting and slow-acting combined, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the stress resistance of a root system is increased, the pH value of soil is adjusted, the granular structure of the soil is improved, and the water retention and air permeability are improved.
The fertilizer with the formula aims at improving the content of organic matters in soil, increasing the number of microbial colonies, improving the soil fertility, loosening soil, increasing air permeability, adjusting the pH value of the soil, increasing the granular structure of the soil, and increasing the growth space of deep roots and the total amount of absorbed roots of tree bodies. Depending on the soil conditions, certain fertilizers may be deleted or added. The formula and the method can be adopted no matter base fertilizer or additional fertilizer is applied. The formula fertilizer is suitable for a space A far away from the ground surface in the fertilization method I or the fertilization method II/III; and (c) filling the space B close to the ground surface with soil or using B fertilizers as required, wherein the B fertilizers are nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, compound microbial organic fertilizers or special fertilizers for fruit trees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for improving the deep soil of the old orchard tree provided by the invention is used for fertilizing the deep soil below the crown of the tree, restoring the ecological environment of the soil and microbial colonies, adjusting the pH value of the soil, expanding the growth space of the deep roots of the fruit tree and the number of absorbed roots, increasing the drought and waterlogging resistance of the tree body, and providing guarantee for stable and high yield of the fruit tree and slowing down the aging of the tree body.
(2) The invention adopts the drill bit with the diameter of 15-20cm, and ensures the maximum fertilizing amount and the minimum root injury degree of the drilled hole with the depth of 40-80 cm; the drilling is light to the big tree root damage, the fertilizing depth is deep and adjustable, and by utilizing the characteristic, according to the sampling analysis of the deep soil, the steps of fertilizing the soil formula year by year, restoring the soil ecological environment, adjusting the soil pH value, loosening the deep soil and increasing the soil air permeability are carried out;
(3) the invention adopts a batch year-by-year drilling method, thereby realizing the comprehensive improvement of the deep soil under the crown in 4-5 years, ensuring the fruit tree yield and improving the economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
And drawing 7 test fields by using an orchard of 50-year-old Laiyang pears, wherein 6 test fields are respectively fertilized by the formulas of examples 1 to 6, and the rest test fields are reserved as blank control groups. The row spacing is 5 multiplied by 6, each 0.8-1.2 square meter is drilled with a depth of 50-80 cm.
Example 1:
the method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees comprises the following steps:
(1) planning: planning scattered drilling holes, wherein the drilling holes are positioned in the vertical projection of the crown, and the distance from the drilling holes to the trunk of the old tree is not less than 80 cm; the number of the drilled holes is 1.0m of the ground area21 hole is drilled each year. .
(2) Drilling a hole: drilling a drilled hole with the depth of 50cm by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 20cm according to the planned position, taking out all soil in the hole when the drill bit is lifted, and quickly inserting a fertilizing cylinder matched with the drilled hole into the hole to prevent the collapse of the inner wall of the drilled hole from influencing the depth of the drilled hole; drilling holes in batches year by year for 4-5 years, wherein the hole drilling density reaches 1.0m per ground area per year21 hole is drilled in each of spring and autumn every year, and the positions of all the drilled holes are not coincident.
(3) Fertilizing: applying a formula fertilizer which is stirred in advance, pulling out the fertilizing cylinder after applying the fertilizer, and filling the drilled hole; the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: fertilizing a space A drilled with a hole far away from the ground surface, filling soil into a space B close to the ground surface, wherein the depth of the space B is 40cm, and the depth of the space A is 10 cm.
The formula fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 45 parts of organic fertilizer, 10 parts of beneficial bacteria and 40 parts of soil. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 2kg of urea, 2kg of calcium fertilizer, 1k of magnesium fertilizer, 20kg of soybean meal, 25kg of straw powder, 10kg of beneficial bacteria and 40kg of soil, diluting the bacteria by 6 times of mother liquor, uniformly stirring with the organic fertilizer and the soil, and then uniformly stirring with other fertilizers.
Example 2:
different from the embodiment 1, the method for improving the deep soil of the old orchard tree comprises the following steps:
(1) planning: the number of the drilled holes is 1.2m per ground area21 hole is drilled in spring every year.
(2) Drilling a hole: drilling a drill hole with the depth of 60cm by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 15cm according to the planned position; drilling holes year by year according to batches,
(3) fertilizing: the fertilizing method specifically comprises the following steps: filling and fertilizing all the drilled space. The formula fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4.5 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 15 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.5 part of beneficial bacteria, 40 parts of compound microbial organic fertilizer and 40 parts of soil. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 2.5kg of diammonium phosphate, 1kg of zinc fertilizer, 1kg of boron fertilizer, 5kg of seaweed residues, 10kg of livestock manure, 0.5 of beneficial bacteria, 40kg of compound microbial organic fertilizer and 40kg of soil, diluting the mother liquor by 30 times, uniformly stirring with the organic fertilizer and the soil, and uniformly stirring with other fertilizers.
Example 3:
different from the embodiment 1, the method for improving the deep soil of the old orchard tree comprises the following steps:
(1) planning: the number of the drilled holes is 0.8m per ground area21 hole is drilled in autumn every year.
(2) Drilling a hole: drilling a drill hole with the depth of 70cm by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 18cm according to the planned position; the drilled holes are drilled year by year according to batches.
(3) Fertilizing: the fertilizing method specifically comprises the following steps: fertilizing a space A drilled with a hole far away from the ground surface, filling soil into a space B close to the ground surface, wherein the depth of the space B is 40cm, and the depth of the space A is 30 cm.
The formula fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 5 parts of beneficial bacteria and 35 parts of soil. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 20kg of NPK compound fertilizer, 10kg of medium trace element fertilizer, 10kg of soybean meal, 10kg of furfural residue, 10kg of livestock manure, 5kg of beneficial strain and 35kg of soil, diluting the strain by 10 times of mother liquor, uniformly stirring with organic fertilizer and soil, and then uniformly stirring with other fertilizers.
Example 4:
different from the embodiment 1, the method for improving the deep soil of the old orchard tree comprises the following steps:
(1) planning: the number of the drilled holes is 0.9m per ground area21 hole is drilled in each of spring and autumn every year.
(2) Drilling a hole: drilling a hole with the depth of 80cm by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 20cm according to the planned position; the drilled holes are drilled year by year according to batches.
(3) Fertilizing: the fertilizing method specifically comprises the following steps: thirdly, applying a formula fertilizer to a space A drilled with a hole far away from the ground surface, and filling a space B close to the ground surface with B fertilizers; a certain interval is arranged between the space A and the space B. The depth of the space A is 40 cm; the depth of the space B is 30cm, the interval between the formula fertilizer and the fertilizer B is 10cm, and the interval is filled with soil, broken grass or straw powder.
The formula fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 60 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of beneficial bacteria, 10 parts of compound microbial organic fertilizer and 20 parts of soil. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 4kg of urea, 1kg of magnesium fertilizer, 1kg of zinc fertilizer, 1kg of boron fertilizer, 15kg of soybean meal, 20kg of seaweed residues, 15kg of plant straws, 10kg of livestock manure, 3kg of beneficial strains, 10kg of compound microbial organic fertilizer and 20kg of soil, diluting the strains by 10 times of mother liquor, uniformly stirring the mother liquor, the organic fertilizer and the soil, and then uniformly stirring the mixture with other fertilizers. The B fertilizer is a compound microbial organic fertilizer sold in the market.
Example 5:
different from the embodiment 1, the method for improving the deep soil of the old orchard tree comprises the following steps:
(1) planning: the number of the drilled holes is 1.1m per ground area21 hole is drilled in spring every year.
(2) Drilling a hole: drilling a hole with the depth of 80cm by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 20cm according to the planned position; the drilled holes are drilled year by year according to batches.
(3) Fertilizing: the fertilizing method specifically comprises the following steps: thirdly, applying a formula fertilizer to a space A drilled with a hole far away from the ground surface, and filling a space B close to the ground surface with B fertilizers; a certain interval is arranged between the space A and the space B. The depth of the space A is 40 cm; the depth of the space B is 40 cm.
The formula fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 60 parts of organic fertilizer, 1 part of beneficial bacteria and 20 parts of soil. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 12kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 7kg of medium trace element fertilizer, 10kg of seaweed residue, 10kg of furfural residue, 10kg of plant straw, 30kg of livestock manure, 1kg of beneficial strain and 20kg of soil, diluting the strain by 30 times, uniformly stirring the mother liquor, the organic fertilizer and the soil, and then uniformly stirring the mixture with other fertilizers. The B fertilizer is a commercial nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
Example 6:
different from the embodiment 1, the method for improving the deep soil of the old orchard tree comprises the following steps:
(1) planning: the number of the drilled holes is 1.0m of the ground area21 hole is drilled in autumn every year.
(2) Drilling a hole: drilling a hole with the depth of 80cm by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 20cm according to the planned position; the drilled holes are drilled year by year according to batches.
(3) Fertilizing: the fertilizing method specifically comprises the following steps: thirdly, applying a formula fertilizer to a space A drilled with a hole far away from the ground surface, and filling a space B close to the ground surface with B fertilizers; a certain interval is arranged between the space A and the space B. The depth of the space A is 40 cm; the depth of the space B is 35cm, the interval between the formula fertilizer and the fertilizer B is 5cm, and the interval is filled with soil, broken grass or straw powder.
The formula fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 17 parts of organic fertilizer, 8 parts of beneficial bacteria, 15 parts of compound microbial organic fertilizer and 30 parts of soil. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 20kg of diammonium phosphate, 4kg of calcium fertilizer, 2kg of boron fertilizer, 1kg of zinc fertilizer, 1kg of magnesium fertilizer, 2kg of iron fertilizer, 10kg of plant straws, 7kg of livestock manure, 8kg of beneficial bacteria, 15kg of compound microbial organic fertilizer and 30kg of soil, diluting the bacteria by 5 times of mother liquor, uniformly stirring the mother liquor, the organic fertilizer and the soil, and then uniformly stirring the mixture with other fertilizers. The B fertilizer is a special fertilizer for fruit trees sold in the market.
New tip increase times
TABLE 1 comparison of various growth indicators and soil indicators for old trees after soil improvement
Figure BDA0001386231690000071
As can be seen from Table 1, the increase in soluble solids was increased by 1.8-2.7 degrees and the mouthfeel was better than the control. In the young shoot increase multiple, the long shoot multiple is improved by 1.5-2.3 times, the middle shoot multiple is improved by 1.7-2.0 times, and the short shoot multiple is reduced by 1.5-2.0 times; therefore, the tree is sufficient in nutrition, the branches are fully developed and robust, the photosynthetic value is high, the flower buds are formed more, the flower bodies are full, and therefore the flowers bloom early next year, the flower bodies are large, and the fruits are also large. The organic matter in the soil is improved by 15.3 to 18.5 times, urease is improved by 5.1 to 6.4 times, catalase is improved by 1.1 to 16 times, and carbon content of humic acid is improved by 11.5 to 15.1 times, which shows that after the method is adopted to improve the soil of the old trees in the orchard, the fertility of the soil is greatly recovered, not only sufficient organic matter and nitrogen are provided for fruit trees, but also the total amount of humic acid in humus is increased, cation exchange capacity is improved, the formation of aggregates in the soil is facilitated, and further the soil forms a good structure.

Claims (9)

1. The deep soil improvement method for the old orchard tree is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: (1) planning: planning scattered drilling holes, wherein the drilling holes are positioned in the vertical projection of the crown, and the distance from the drilling holes to the trunk of the old tree is not less than 80 cm; the drilling holes distributed in a point-scattered manner in the step (1) are specifically distributed as follows: the number of the drilled holes is 0.8-1.2m per ground area21-2 holes are drilled every year; (2) drilling a hole: adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 15-20cm, drilling a drilled hole with the depth of 50-80cm according to the planned position, taking out all soil in the hole when the drill bit is lifted, and quickly inserting a fertilizing cylinder matched with the drilled hole into the hole; (3) fertilizing: according to the requirement of soil improvement, the formula fertilizer which is stirred in advance is applied, and after the fertilizer is applied, the fertilizing cylinder is pulled out, and drilled holes are filled.
2. The method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: drilling the drilled holes in the step (2) year by year according to batches until the soil improvement is finished, wherein the density of the drilled holes reaches 0.8-1.2m per ground area every year21-2 holes are drilled each year, and the positions of all the drilled holes are not coincident.
3. The method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fertilization method in the step (3) is specifically as follows: filling and fertilizing all drilled spaces; fertilizing a space A drilled with a hole far away from the ground surface, and filling soil in a space B close to the ground surface; thirdly, applying a formula fertilizer to a space A drilled with a hole far away from the ground surface, and filling a space B close to the ground surface with B fertilizers; the space A and the space B are spaced from each other.
4. The method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees according to claim 3, wherein: the minimum distance between the space A and the earth surface is 40cm, and the depth of the space A is 10-40 cm; the minimum distance between the space A and the earth surface is 40cm, and the depth of the space A is 10-40 cm; the depth of the space B is 30-40cm, the interval between the formula fertilizer and the fertilizer B is 0-10cm, and the interval is filled with soil, broken grass or straw powder.
5. The method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the formula fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 30-60 parts of organic fertilizer, 1-10 parts of beneficial bacteria and 20-40 parts of soil; the amount of beneficial bacteria is not more than 10%.
6. The method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees according to claim 5, wherein: the inorganic fertilizer is one or more of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and iron fertilizer; the organic fertilizer is one or more of soybean meal, plant straw powder mixed with beneficial strains, seaweed residues, furfural residues and livestock and poultry manure fermented by beneficial bacteria; the beneficial bacteria are selected from lactic acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, gram-positive actinomycete, fermentative filamentous bacteria and Bacillus subtilis.
7. The method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees according to claim 6, wherein: the formula fertilizer also comprises a compound microbial organic fertilizer, and the proportion of the compound microbial organic fertilizer is not more than 50% in parts by weight.
8. The method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees according to claim 7, wherein: the formula fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4.5-30 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 15-60 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.5-8 parts of beneficial bacteria, 10-40 parts of compound microbial organic fertilizer and 20-40 parts of soil.
9. The method for improving deep soil of old orchard trees according to claim 6 or 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the formula fertilizer is suitable for a space A far away from the ground surface in the fertilization method I or the fertilization method II/III; and (c) filling the space B close to the ground surface with soil or using B fertilizers as required, wherein the B fertilizers are nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, compound microbial organic fertilizers or special fertilizers for fruit trees.
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