CN107442144B - 一种带隙可调的黑磷量子点光催化剂以及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种带隙可调的黑磷量子点光催化剂以及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种带隙可调的黑磷量子点光催化剂以及其制备方法和应用。本发明的黑磷量子点光催化剂通过简单的加热反应方法制备,通过改变反应溶剂来调控黑磷量子点的尺寸和带隙,进而增强黑磷量子点光催化剂的光催化性能。所研制的黑磷量子点可以有效地应用于光催化降解罗丹明B等有机污染物。本发明的黑磷量子点光催化剂具有绿色,低成本,稳定和制备工艺简单等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境友好材料领域,尤其是涉及一种带隙可调的黑磷量子点光催化剂以及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
全球经济的快速发展导致了严重的环境污染问题,环境污染也成为社会可持续发展面临的一个严重挑战。近年来,以有机物为污染物的水污染日益加剧,开发低成本,绿色的处理方法已经成为人类社会发展的一个巨大挑战。光催化降解有机污染物,利用丰富的太阳能为驱动力,在光催化剂表面将有机物分解,是处理水体中有机污染物最理想的方式之一。
在光催化降解有机污染物研究领域中,基于金属氧化物、硫化物和氮化物的半导体光催化剂已经成为主流的光催化剂材料。但这些传统的光催化剂受到带隙宽,稳定性差,制备工艺复杂等缺点的限制,这也是光催化降解有机污染物研究领域发展面临的一个关键科学难题。因此,设计制备可见光响应,稳定和制备工艺简单的光催化剂具有重要的研究意义。
最近几年,胶体量子点光催化剂因其可调的带隙和较高的光催化性能在光催化领域引起了广泛的关注。由于量子尺寸效应,低尺寸的半导体量子点材料的带隙随着它的粒径增大而减少,它们对光的捕获能力也随着粒径的增大而增强。目前,被广泛应用于光催化降解有机污染物的量子点光催化剂主要有CdS,CdSe和AgInS2等硫化物量子点材料。然而,CdS和CdSe含有高毒性的Cd元素,限制了它们的广泛使用。另一方面,AgInS2等量子点材料也受到制备成本高等缺点的限制。因此,设计绿色,低成本,制备工艺简单的量子点光催化剂,对发展高效的光催化降解有机污染物技术具有重要的研究意义。
基于此,本发明提出一种带隙可调的黑磷量子点光催化剂以及其制备方法和应用。本发明的黑磷量子点光催化剂,是一种可见光响应、绿色、稳定和低成本,可应用于光催化降解有机污染物的材料。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是针对现有量子点光催化剂毒性强、成本高、制备工艺复杂等不足,提出一种新型黑磷量子点光催化剂。该催化剂具有典型的低维结构,尺寸在2-3nm。本发明的黑磷量子点光催化剂,通过改变反应溶剂可以有效地改变黑磷量子点光催化剂的尺寸和带隙。
本发明通过如下技术方案实现:
一种黑磷量子点光催化剂,具有低维结构,尺寸在2-3nm,其化学通式如下:Px;
Px,其中x为黑磷原子的个数,x的取值范围在20-100。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种黑磷量子点光催化剂的制备方法,在较低反应温度通过液体剥离方法制备。
该方法具体是以黑磷晶体粉末为原料,以N-甲基吡咯烷酮和油酸的混合溶液为反应溶剂,在加热下可以制备得到黑磷量子点材料,通过离心即得本发明所需的黑磷量子点溶液。
根据本发明,需加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮和油酸作为反应溶剂,黑磷粉末质量浓度为0.1mg/ml。
根据本发明,加热反应之前,先将原料超声分散均匀。
根据本发明,在反应瓶加热到150-200℃,保温6-24小时,生成黑磷量子点光催化剂。
本发明的第三个目的是涉及上述黑磷量子点光催化剂的应用。该黑磷量子点光催化剂可用于光催化降解有机污染物。
将本发明的黑磷量子点光催化剂分散在乙醇和水溶液中,可见光照射下可分解罗丹明B等有机污染物。
本发明的黑磷量子点是一种绿色、稳定、带隙可调、制备工艺简单以及光催化降解罗丹明B性能优异的光催化剂。
本发明通过调控黑磷量子点光催化剂的尺寸和带隙,进而改变黑磷量子点光催化剂的光催化性能。
附图说明
图1为在3:2N-甲基吡咯烷酮/油酸(a)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(b)溶液中制备的黑磷量子点光催化剂透射电镜图。
图2为不同溶剂中制备的黑磷量子点光催化剂吸收光谱和发射光谱,其中实线为在N-甲基吡咯烷酮/油酸(v/v,3/2)为溶剂制备的黑磷量子点;虚线为在N-甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂制备的黑磷量子点。
图3为不同溶剂中制备的黑磷量子点光催化剂光催化降解罗丹明B性能。
图4为黑磷量子点光催化剂浓度对光催化降解罗丹明B的性能影响。
具体实施方式
以下将通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述,但本领域技术人员了解,下述实施例不是对本发明保护范围的限制,任何在本发明基础上做出的改进和变化都在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1-1:
在100ml N-甲基吡咯烷酮-油酸(v/v,3/2)的混合溶液中加入10mg黑磷晶体粉末,超声20分钟后在150℃温度下反应6h。待反应溶液却至室温后,在7000rpm/min转速下离心去除未反应的黑磷粉末,收集离心溶液,得到棕色的黑磷量子点溶液。黑磷量子点平均尺寸为2.9nm,如图1所示。黑磷量子点在可见光具有较强的吸收,在345nm激发下,发蓝光,如图2所示。
实施例1-2:
在100ml N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中加入10mg黑磷晶体粉末,超声20分钟后在150℃温度下反应6h。待反应溶液却至室温后,在7000rpm/min转速下离心去除未反应的黑磷粉末,收集离心溶液,得到绿色的黑磷量子点溶液。黑磷量子点平均尺寸为2.2nm,如图1所示。黑磷量子点在可见光具有较弱的吸收,在345nm激发下,发射绿光,如图2所示。
实施例1-3至1-10如表1所示对实施例1溶剂,加热温度,反应时间做更改的基础上制备得到不同尺寸和带隙的黑磷量子点催化剂。
表1
实施例2-1:
以实施例1-1制备得到的棕色量子点为光催化剂,在容量为350ml的玻璃反应器中倒入150ml乙醇,50ml去离子水,10ml浓度为400uM的罗丹明B和40ml质量浓度为0.1mg/ml的黑磷量子点光催化剂,以300W的氙灯为光源,在可见照射下(λ>420nm)测试光催化剂的性能。每隔30分钟将体系中的溶液取出(4ml),通过分光光度计测量罗丹明B的浓度。如图3所示,光照3小时后,91%的罗丹明B被降解,降解速率常数为0.81h-1。
实施例2-2:
以实施例1-1制备得到的棕色量子点为光催化剂,在容量为350ml的玻璃反应器中倒入150ml乙醇,50ml去离子水,10ml浓度为400uM的罗丹明B和30ml质量浓度为0.1mg/ml的黑磷量子点光催化剂,以300W的氙灯为光源,在可见照射下(λ>420nm)测试光催化剂的性能。每隔30分钟将体系中的溶液取出(4ml),通过分光光度计测量罗丹明B的浓度。如图3所示,光照3小时后,62%的罗丹明B被降解,降解速率常数为0.45h-1。
实施例2-3:
以实施例1-1制备得到的棕色量子点为光催化剂,在容量为350ml的玻璃反应器中倒入150ml乙醇,50ml去离子水,10ml浓度为400uM的罗丹明B和20ml质量浓度为0.1mg/ml的黑磷量子点光催化剂,以300W的氙灯为光源,在可见照射下(λ>420nm)测试光催化剂的性能。每隔30分钟将体系中的溶液取出(4ml),通过分光光度计测量罗丹明B的浓度。如图4所示,光照3小时后,35%的罗丹明B被降解,降解速率常数为0.22h-1。
实施例2-4:
以实施例1-1制备得到的棕色量子点为光催化剂,在容量为350ml的玻璃反应器中倒入150ml乙醇,50ml去离子水,10ml浓度为400uM的罗丹明B和10ml质量浓度为0.1mg/ml的黑磷量子点光催化剂,以300W的氙灯为光源,在可见照射下(λ>420nm)测试光催化剂的性能。每隔30分钟将体系中的溶液取出(4ml),通过分光光度计测量罗丹明B的浓度。如图4所示,光照3小时后,26%的罗丹明B被降解,降解速率常数为0.13h-1。
实施例2-5:
以实施例1-2制备得到的绿色量子点为光催化剂,在容量为350ml的玻璃反应器中倒入150ml乙醇,50ml去离子水,10ml浓度为400uM的罗丹明B和40ml质量浓度为0.1mg/ml的黑磷量子点光催化剂,以300W的氙灯为光源,在可见照射下(λ>420nm)测试光催化剂的性能。每隔30分钟将体系中的溶液取出(4ml),通过分光光度计测量罗丹明B的浓度。如图4所示,光照3小时后,24%的罗丹明B被降解,降解速率常数为0.11h-1。
实施例2-6至2-13如表2所示对实施例2-1使用的量子点做更改的基础上,即使用不同带隙的黑磷量子点为光催化剂,光催化降解罗丹明B性能如表2所示。
表2
Claims (8)
1.一种带隙可调的黑磷量子点光催化剂,具有低维结构,尺寸在2-3nm,其化学通式如下:Px;其中x为黑磷原子的个数,x的取值范围在20-100;其特征在于该光催化剂是以黑磷晶体粉末为前驱体,以N-甲基吡咯烷酮和油酸的混合溶液为反应溶剂,在加热下制备得到。
2.如权利要求1所述的光催化剂,其特征在于加热温度为150-200℃,保温时间为6-24小时。
3.如权利要求1所述的光催化剂,其特征在于通过调控N-甲基吡咯烷酮和油酸的比例,制备出不同尺寸和带隙的黑磷量子点光催化剂。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种带隙可调的黑磷量子点光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于该方法具体是以黑磷晶体粉末为前驱体,以N-甲基吡咯烷酮和油酸的混合溶液为反应溶剂,在加热下制备得到。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于加热温度为150-200℃,保温时间为6-24小时。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于通过调控N-甲基吡咯烷酮和油酸的比例,制备出不同尺寸和带隙的黑磷量子点光催化剂。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种带隙可调的黑磷量子点光催化剂在构建光催化降解有机污染物体系中的应用。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于将黑磷量子点光催化剂分散在乙醇和水混合溶液中,在可见光光照下降解有机污染物罗丹明B。
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