CN107439679A - 一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,属于魔芋加工技术领域。本抑制魔芋褐变的方法包括如下步骤:(1)魔芋的挑选;(2)护色剂的制备;(3)喷洒;(4)晾干;(5)保鲜膜包被;(6)装箱。本方法选择了最优的工艺条件,通过喷施专门研制的护色剂以及用保鲜膜包裹相结合的方式,能有效的抑制魔芋的褐变,并且在护色剂的制备过程中没有加入有害的溶剂或者添加剂,本护色剂是天然无毒的溶液,用作魔芋的抑制褐变上不仅效果好,而且无毒无害,可以放心使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及魔芋加工技术领域,具体涉及一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法。
背景技术
魔芋是我国传统的植物性食品,我国早在2000千多年前就开始栽培魔芋了,食用历史也相当悠久,在我国西晋大文学家左思的使洛阳纸贵的名著《蜀都赋》中就有“以灰汁煮即成冻,以苦酒淹食,蜀人珍之。”这样的记载。《本草纲目》和历代本草记载中记述:魔芋性寒、味辛,“块茎入药,有解毒、消肿、化痰、散结、行淤等功能”。常用作治疗咳嗽、疝气、乳痛、瘰疬、烧伤等。久煎内服兼有健胃、消化的作用,“捣碎,以灰汁煮成饼,五味调食,主消渴”。同时,魔芋也被联合国卫生组织确定为十大保健食品之一。
现代人生活节奏加快,许多人忙于工作,长期抗压,缺乏锻炼,作息不规律,饮食不合理,容易产生疲乏无力、食欲不振、免疫力低下等现象。而魔芋具有各种很好的保健作用,从营养的角度看,魔芋是一种低热能、低蛋白质、低维生素、高膳食纤维的食品。魔芋的营养保健作用就是发挥膳食纤维对营养不平衡的调节作用,其主要保健、医疗功能有以下几方面:1、预防和治疗便秘;2、调整脂质代谢,预防高血脂和冠心病;3、改善糖代谢,预防和治疗糖尿病,降低血糖水平;4、减肥,预防和治疗肥胖症;5、调节机体免疫功能,对肠癌、乳腺癌等有一定的预防作用,在被誉为“肠胃的清道夫”。所以,近年来魔芋越来越受消费者的喜爱。
然而,在魔芋的贮运过程中常常由于机械作用导致魔芋容易发生褐变而降低营养价值。据统计,每年约有30%的魔芋因为储运不当而不能用于销售和加工,属于残次品,随着市场对魔芋的需求量越来越大,因储运不当而产生的残次品越来越多,将严重影响销售企业或者加工企业的经济效益。
褐变是酚类化合物被氧化成有色多酚产物的结果,虽然也存在着自然氧化现象,但在多酚氧化酶催化作用下的酶促褐变是褐变的主要原因,由于酚类化合物和多酚氧化酶在植物体内都大量存在,它不仅破坏了产品原有的颜色,还经常会产生一些异味,因而严重影响了产品的质量,常用的控制褐变最有效的方法是添加一定浓度的亚硫酸盐。这一措施已经在实际生产中得到了广泛的应用。然而,最新研究结果表明,亚硫酸盐对人体健康有害,其使用受到了限制。
因此,目前缺少一种安全可靠的抑制魔芋褐变的方法,以及缺少一种安全无毒的抑制剂来抑制魔芋的褐变,以减少魔芋营养的进一步流失,保持其原有的维生素、魔芋多糖、植物纤维及黏液蛋白等含量不会因为褐变而降低,从而保持魔芋原有的保健作用和医疗作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了解决以上问题,提供一种经济方便、操作简单、安全有效的抑制魔芋褐变的方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)魔芋的挑选:挑选新鲜、表面无机械损伤、无病虫的魔芋;
(2)护色剂的制备:
A、将L-半胱氨酸加入的蒸馏水中,其中L-半胱氨酸与蒸馏水的质量比为1:50-60,混合均匀,制得L-半胱氨酸溶液;
B、将茶叶粉碎成茶叶粉末后用热水浸泡,热水与茶叶粉末的质量比为50-60:1,自然冷却后过滤,取滤渣继续用热水进行浸泡,热水与滤渣的质量比为40-50:1,自然冷却后过滤,取两次滤液混合均匀,得到茶叶浸提液;
C、取海螃蟹壳,除去残肉和杂质,晒干,粉碎成蟹壳粉,取蟹壳粉,用稀盐酸浸泡30-35h,其中蟹壳粉与稀盐酸的质量比为1:10-15,过滤,取滤液,得到蟹壳浸泡液;
D、将新鲜的万年蒿切碎,用清水煎煮后过滤,反复煎煮三次,每次煎煮15-20分钟,每次加入的清水重量为万年蒿重量的7-8倍,合并三次滤液,得到万年蒿溶液;
E、将茶叶浸提液、蟹壳浸泡液和万年蒿溶液混合均匀,再加入L-半胱氨酸溶液和质量浓度为0.05%的抗坏血酸,上述组分的体积比为茶叶浸提液:蟹壳浸泡液:万年蒿溶液:L-半胱氨酸溶液:抗坏血酸=2-3:3-5:3-4:40-50:5-8,将各组分混合均匀即可得到护色剂;
(3)喷洒:将护色剂倒入喷雾器,均匀地喷洒于魔芋的表面,潮湿即可;
(4)晾干:将魔芋自然晾在通风处至魔芋的表面干燥;
(5)保鲜膜包被:用保鲜膜把晾干后的魔芋包裹完全;
(6)装箱:将已经包裹好的魔芋整齐装箱即可进行运输。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(2)的A中,所述L-半胱氨酸与蒸馏水的质量比为1:55。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(2)的B中,所述热水与茶叶粉末的质量比为56:1,所述热水与滤渣的质量比为47:1。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(2)的B中,所述茶叶为绿茶,所述热水的温度为80-90℃。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(2)的C中,所述稀盐酸的质量分数为8%-9%。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(2)的C中,所述蟹壳粉与稀盐酸的质量比为1:13。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(2)的D中,所述万年蒿为万年蒿的叶和茎。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(2)的D中,所述每次加入的清水重量为万年蒿重量的7.8倍。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(2)的E中,所述各组分的体积比为茶叶浸提液:蟹壳浸泡液:万年蒿溶液:L-半胱氨酸溶液:抗坏血酸=2.6:4:3.5:48:6。
有益效果:
1、本发明通过将专门配置的护色剂喷洒于魔芋表面后,能减少魔芋在贮运过程中由于机械作用导致魔芋损伤、容易发生褐变而降低其营养价值的问题。护色剂各组分的特点的作用原理如下:
茶叶浸提液,利用茶叶浸泡热水制成,其中能抑制褐变的有效成分是茶多酚,茶多酚具有较强的抗氧化性,而褐变的主要原因之一就是氧化,茶多酚是一种天然的抗氧化剂,而且安全无毒,能有效的防止魔芋氧化。茶多酚是形成茶叶品质的重要成分之一,是一类存在于茶树中的多羟基酚性化合物的混合物,简称茶多酚,俗称茶单宁、茶鞣质,其主要组分为儿茶素类(黄烷醇类)、黄酮、黄酮醇类、花青素类、花白素类和酚酸及缩酚酸类。不同品种的茶叶,茶多酚的含量多少亦不等。一般未发酵绿茶和花茶中含量较高,约17~19%,红茶则通常不超过10%,因此本发明选择了绿茶。茶多酚易溶于热水,因此在茶叶浸提液的制备中用热水在一定温度下将茶多酚从茶叶中提取出来。
蟹壳浸泡液,主要是提取壳聚糖,据分析,干蟹壳中壳聚糖含量为10-30%。壳聚糖是一种安全无毒、并有一定保健作用的天然提取物,它对加剧褐变的铜和铁等金属离子有很强的螯合作用,从而抑制褐变。壳聚糖含有氨基,呈碱性,能溶于弱酸中,所以本蟹壳浸泡液利用稀盐酸能将蟹壳中的壳聚糖浸出。另外,铁和铜能促进褐变,而钙可抑制褐变。蟹壳中含钙量高,浸泡出的钙离子对抑制褐变也有一定作用。
万年蒿溶液,主要的有效成分是肉桂酸类化合物,能有效抑制褐变。
本方法在护色剂的制备过程中没有加入有害的溶剂或者添加剂,本护色剂是天然无毒的溶液,用作魔芋的抑制褐变上不仅效果好,而且无毒无害,可以放心使用。
2、本方法操作过程简单,而且原料组分都是常规的物质,来源广,成本低廉。
3、本方法选择了最优的工艺条件,通过喷施护色剂以及用保鲜膜包裹相结合的方式,能有效的抑制魔芋的褐变。采用本发明的方法抑制魔芋褐变,经褐变试验表明,魔芋经7天保存后进行切片,烘干后的魔芋片仍能保持白色,说明使用本发明的方法能有效抑制魔芋褐变。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)魔芋的挑选:挑选新鲜、表面无机械损伤、无病虫的魔芋,所述魔芋为云南曲靖花魔芋;
(2)护色剂的制备:
A、将10g L-半胱氨酸加入的550mL蒸馏水中,混合均匀,制得L-半胱氨酸溶液;
B、将10g绿茶茶叶粉碎成茶叶粉末后用温度为90℃的560mL热水浸泡,自然冷却后过滤,取滤渣继续用90℃的460mL热水进行浸泡,自然冷却后过滤,取两次滤液混合均匀,得到茶叶浸提液;
C、取海螃蟹壳,除去残肉和杂质,晒干,粉碎成蟹壳粉,取蟹壳粉20g,用质量分数为9%的260g稀盐酸浸泡30h,过滤,取滤液,得到蟹壳浸泡液;
D、将新鲜的万年蒿的茎和叶切碎,取切碎后的万年蒿的茎和叶共200g,用清水煎煮后过滤,反复煎煮三次,每次文火煎煮15分钟,每次加入的清水为1560mL,合并三次滤液,得到万年蒿溶液;
E、将茶叶浸提液、蟹壳浸泡液和万年蒿溶液混合均匀,再加入L-半胱氨酸溶液和质量浓度为0.05%的抗坏血酸,上述组分的体积为茶叶浸提液26mL,蟹壳浸泡液40mL,万年蒿溶液35mL,L-半胱氨酸溶液480mL,抗坏血酸60mL,将各组分混合均匀即可得到护色剂;
(3)喷洒:将护色剂倒入喷雾器,均匀地喷洒于魔芋的表面,潮湿即可;
(4)晾干:将魔芋自然晾在通风处至魔芋的表面干燥;
(5)保鲜膜包被:用保鲜膜把晾干后的魔芋包裹完全;
(6)装箱:将已经包裹好的魔芋整齐装箱即可进行运输。
实施例2
一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)魔芋的挑选:挑选新鲜、表面无机械损伤、无病虫的魔芋;
(2)护色剂的制备:
A、将L-半胱氨酸加入的蒸馏水中,其中L-半胱氨酸与蒸馏水的质量比为1:60,混合均匀,制得L-半胱氨酸溶液;
B、将绿茶茶叶粉碎成茶叶粉末后用温度为80℃的热水浸泡,热水与茶叶粉末的质量比为50:1,自然冷却后过滤,取滤渣继续用90℃热水进行浸泡,热水与滤渣的质量比为50:1,自然冷却后过滤,取两次滤液混合均匀,得到茶叶浸提液;
C、取海螃蟹壳,除去残肉和杂质,晒干,粉碎成蟹壳粉,取蟹壳粉,用质量分数为8%的稀盐酸浸泡35h,其中蟹壳粉与稀盐酸的质量比为1:10,过滤,取滤液,得到蟹壳浸泡液;
D、将新鲜的万年蒿的茎和叶切碎,用清水煎煮后过滤,反复煎煮三次,每次文火煎煮20分钟,每次加入的清水重量为万年蒿重量的8倍,合并三次滤液,得到万年蒿溶液;
E、将茶叶浸提液、蟹壳浸泡液和万年蒿溶液混合均匀,再加入L-半胱氨酸溶液和质量浓度为0.05%的抗坏血酸,上述组分的体积比为茶叶浸提液:蟹壳浸泡液:万年蒿溶液:L-半胱氨酸溶液:抗坏血酸=3:5:4:50:8,将各组分混合均匀即可得到护色剂;
(3)喷洒:将护色剂倒入喷雾器,均匀地喷洒于魔芋的表面,潮湿即可;
(4)晾干:将魔芋自然晾在通风处至魔芋的表面干燥;
(5)保鲜膜包被:用保鲜膜把晾干后的魔芋包裹完全;
(6)装箱:将已经包裹好的魔芋整齐装箱即可进行运输。
用魔芋做褐变试验,按照实施例1的方法,将护色剂喷洒在新鲜魔芋表皮,然后包裹保鲜膜在常温存放,按照1、3、5、7天的保存时间进行试验(同时做对比试验,将喷洒了护色剂的魔芋分别贮存在冰箱4℃、常温保存),达到保存时间后将对应的魔芋切片,于60℃烘箱中烘干12h,观察干魔芋片的色泽度,并以分数值来比较:90~100为纯白,80~89为白色,70~79为浅白,60~69为暗红。
测试魔芋褐变的结果,具体数据详见表1。
表1
表1中的对照组除了不喷洒护色剂,其他条件同喷洒护色剂组。
从表1数据分析可知,在常温保存、包裹保鲜膜常温保存、4℃保存中,魔芋最适合的贮存环境是4℃,其次是保鲜膜常温保存,在适宜温度范围内和封闭的环境中,细胞呼吸作用比较弱,代谢作用降低,魔芋球茎内的营养物质消耗少,有利于贮存。但是考虑4℃的低温环境较难保持,因此选择包被保鲜膜的方法,既方便又能延长保存时间。从喷洒护色剂组和对照组的抑制结果分数值的对比得出,喷洒了护色剂的魔芋在各阶段的保存时间内褐变程度小,而且保存7天后魔芋切片烘干,干魔芋片的色泽度分数值仍达80以上,而用护色剂和保鲜膜相结合的方式的魔芋片分数值达82,说明本方法能有效的抑制魔芋的褐变。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上,然其并非用以限制本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可做些许的修改和完善,因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (9)
1.一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)魔芋的挑选:挑选新鲜、表面无机械损伤、无病虫的魔芋;
(2)护色剂的制备:
A、将L-半胱氨酸加入的蒸馏水中,其中L-半胱氨酸与蒸馏水的质量比为1:50-60,混合均匀,制得L-半胱氨酸溶液;
B、将茶叶粉碎成茶叶粉末后用热水浸泡,热水与茶叶粉末的质量比为50-60:1,自然冷却后过滤,取滤渣继续用热水进行浸泡,热水与滤渣的质量比为40-50:1,自然冷却后过滤,取两次滤液混合均匀,得到茶叶浸提液;
C、取海螃蟹壳,除去残肉和杂质,晒干,粉碎成蟹壳粉,取蟹壳粉,用稀盐酸浸泡30-35h,其中蟹壳粉与稀盐酸的质量比为1:10-15,过滤,取滤液,得到蟹壳浸泡液;
D、将新鲜的万年蒿切碎,用清水煎煮后过滤,反复煎煮三次,每次煎煮15-20分钟,每次加入的清水重量为万年蒿重量的7-8倍,合并三次滤液,得到万年蒿溶液;
E、将茶叶浸提液、蟹壳浸泡液和万年蒿溶液混合均匀,再加入L-半胱氨酸溶液和质量浓度为0.05%的抗坏血酸,上述组分的体积比为茶叶浸提液:蟹壳浸泡液:万年蒿溶液:L-半胱氨酸溶液:抗坏血酸=2-3:3-5:3-4:40-50:5-8,将各组分混合均匀即可得到护色剂;
(3)喷洒:将护色剂倒入喷雾器,均匀地喷洒于魔芋的表面,潮湿即可;
(4)晾干:将魔芋自然晾在通风处至魔芋的表面干燥;
(5)保鲜膜包被:用保鲜膜把晾干后的魔芋包裹完全;
(6)装箱:将已经包裹好的魔芋整齐装箱即可进行运输。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)的A中,所述L-半胱氨酸与蒸馏水的质量比为1:55。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)的B中,所述热水与茶叶粉末的质量比为56:1,所述热水与滤渣的质量比为47:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)的B中,所述茶叶为绿茶,所述热水的温度为80-90℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)的C中,所述稀盐酸的质量分数为8%-9%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)的C中,所述蟹壳粉与稀盐酸的质量比为1:13。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)的D中,所述万年蒿为万年蒿的叶和茎。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)的D中,所述每次加入的清水重量为万年蒿重量的7.8倍。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制魔芋褐变的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)的E中,所述各组分的体积比为茶叶浸提液:蟹壳浸泡液:万年蒿溶液:L-半胱氨酸溶液:抗坏血酸=2.6:4:3.5:48:6。
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