CN107415931A - 驾驶辅助设备 - Google Patents
驾驶辅助设备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107415931A CN107415931A CN201710224093.XA CN201710224093A CN107415931A CN 107415931 A CN107415931 A CN 107415931A CN 201710224093 A CN201710224093 A CN 201710224093A CN 107415931 A CN107415931 A CN 107415931A
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Classifications
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- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Instrument Panels (AREA)
- Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
一种用于混合动力车辆的驾驶辅助设备,该混合动力车辆包括引擎和马达,其中当指示混合动力车辆的状态的任一个参数达到针对该参数设置的引擎启动阈值时,引擎开始运行,驾驶辅助设备包括:当前值获取部,其获取参数的当前值;裕量计算部,其使用参数的当前值和引擎启动阈值来计算用于保持引擎停止的参数的当前值的裕量水平;和输出部分,其输出计算出裕量水平的最小裕量水平。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于辅助车辆驾驶的驾驶辅助设备。
背景技术
常规地,包括引擎和马达的混合动力车辆以EV行驶模式、串联行驶模式以及并联行驶模式行驶,其中在EV行驶模式中仅驱动马达以行驶,在串联行驶模式中车辆利用马达的驱动力而行驶,同时驱动引擎来发电,在并联行驶模式中车辆利用引擎和马达的驱动力而行驶。这些模式根据需要进行切换。
已经提出了一种技术,其能够通过驾驶员的操作来改变行驶模式的优先级。
例如,日本专利公报JP-A-2013-014219公开了如下技术:在为了减少燃料消耗量和废气排出量而执行用于保持引擎停止状态的设置(EV行驶优先模式)的情况下,即使电池的充电状态(SOC)短,引擎按照驾驶员的意图被停止,从而避免给驾驶员带来不适感。
通常,即使当设置为EV行驶优先模式时,引擎在车辆处于预定状态时被启动。预定状态是例如电池的充电状态低的情况,需求输出变的更大的情况,电池电压下降的情况,电池温度偏离预定范围的情况等。
在这些参数中,例如,充电状态被显示在车辆的仪表盘等上,并且需求输出与驾驶员的驾驶操作(加速器踏板的按压量)相关联。因此,驾驶员容易地掌握它们的状态和需求输出。当由于这些参数启动引擎时,驾驶员感到不适的可能性低。
另一方面,当由于驾驶员不能掌握诸如电池电压和电池温度的参数的状态而启动引擎时,驾驶员不能掌握启动引擎的原因并且可能感觉不适。
本发明是鉴于上述问题而完成的,其目的在于,使驾驶员能够掌握混合动力车中的引擎的启动时刻。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,一种用于混合动力车辆的驾驶辅助设备包括引擎和马达,其中当指示混合动力车辆的状态的任何一个参数达到为该参数设置的引擎启动阈值时,引擎开始运行,驾驶辅助设备包括:当前值获取部,其获取参数的当前值;裕量计算部,其使用参数的当前值和引擎启动阈值来计算用于保持引擎停止的参数的当前值的裕量水平;和输出部,其输出计算出裕量水平的最小裕量水平。
根据上述构造,具有以下优点:因为计算了关于引擎启动的多个参数的每一个的裕量水平,并将最小的裕量水平被提供给驾驶员,使得驾驶员容易地知道用于保持EV行驶而不启动引擎的裕量水平。应当认为,在具有由于驾驶员通常能够知道的、包括充电状态和需求输出的参数以外的参数而启动引擎的可能性的情况下,驾驶员能够掌握启动引擎的原因,从而提高便利性。
裕量计算部能够被构造成:通过将参数中的一个当前值和对应的引擎启动阈值之间的差值除以该一个当前值的可能值范围内离对应的引擎启动阈值最远的值与对应的引擎启动阈值之间的差值,而计算出一个裕量水平。
驾驶辅助设备能够进一步包括显示单元,显示单元包括显示区域,对应于最小裕量水平的区域以与其他区域不同的颜色显示在该显示区域中。
当最小裕量水平为最大值时,区域能够具有最大面积,并且当最小裕量水平为最小值时,面积能够基本为零。
当对应于最小裕量水平的参数在行驶期间改变时,输出单元能够向混合动力车辆的驾驶员输出通知。
参数能够包括混合动力车辆的电池的充电状态、混合动力车辆需求输出的值、电池的电压、电池的温度中的至少一个。
附图说明
图1是表示根据本实施例的混合动力车辆12的构造的说明性示图。
图2是表示驾驶辅助设备的周边构造的框图。
图3(A)至图3(C)是示意性地示出裕量计算部704的裕量计算方法的示图。
图4(A)和图4(B)是示出在显示单元上显示裕量水平的方法的示例的示图。
图5是表示驾驶辅助设备的处理过程的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图详细描述根据本发明的驾驶辅助设备的优选实施例。
图1是表示配备了根据本实施例的驾驶辅助设备10的混合动力车辆12的构造的说明性示图。图2是表示驾驶辅助设备10的周边构造的框图。如图1所示,混合动力车辆12包括行驶系统20、发电系统30和ECU 70。行驶系统20是混合动力车辆12的驱动机构,并且包括前轮21、后轮22、马达23、逆变器24、引擎25、传动机构26、燃料箱40和电池50,传动机构26用于传输将马达23的输出轴23A旋转以及传输引擎25的输出轴25A的旋转传输至前轮21。
前轮21和后轮22分别由在车辆宽度方向上的两对轮子子构成。在本实施方式中,前轮21是马达23和引擎25的驱动轮。
马达23通过使用积蓄在电池50中的电力来驱动,并且从输出轴23A输出旋转力(扭矩)。马达23能够在混合动力车辆12减速时(例如,当加速器踏板被释放时)执行再发电操作并且执行再发电。由再发电产生的电力经由逆变器24供给至电池50以对电池50充电。
逆变器24根据驾驶员的请求调节电池50的电力,并将其供给至马达23。驾驶员的请求包括例如加速器踏板、制动器踏板、变速杆(未示出)等的操作,以及由车辆速度传感器测量的车辆速度等。稍后描述的ECU 70计算根据驾驶员的请求的需求输出,并且基于计算出的需求输出控制逆变器24。
引擎25通过在燃烧室中燃烧从燃料箱40供给的燃料而被驱动。作为示例,引擎25是使用汽油作为燃料的往复式引擎。引擎25的驱动由后述的ECU 70控制。
传动机构26将马达23的输出轴23A的旋转传输至前轮21,并且将引擎25的输出轴25A的旋转传输至前轮21。传动机构26包括离合器装置27。离合器装置27包括一对离合器片27A和27B以及驱动部27C,离合器片27A和27B通过该驱动部27C彼此接触并且释放接触状态。
离合器片27A与引擎25的输出轴25A一体地旋转。离合器片27B与马达23的输出轴23A一体地旋转。当离合器片27A和27B通过驱动部27C彼此接触时,离合器片27A,27B彼此一体地旋转。由此,引擎25的输出轴25A的旋转被传输至前轮21。当离合器片27A和27B通过驱动部27C彼此分离时,引擎25的输出轴25A的旋转不被传输至前轮21。驱动单元27C由后述的ECU 70控制。
燃料箱40存储作为引擎25的动力源的燃料(例如汽油)。电池50蓄积作为马达23的动力源的电力。能够由发电机31的发电、由马达23的再发电、从设置在混合动力车辆12的车身中的充电连接器(未示出)供给的外部电力而执行对电池50的充电。BMU(电池监控单元)50A连接到电池50。BMU 50A检测电池50的电压和温度、电池50的输入/输出电流等,并且检测包括充电状态(SOC)的电池50的状态。BMU 50A将电池50的状态(充电状态、电池电压、电池温度等)传输至ECU 70。
更具体地,电池50通过多个电池单元串联连接而构成。每个电池单元单元设置有电压表和温度计,并且测量每个电池单元的单元电压和单元温度。能够为由预定数量的电池单元组成的每个电池单元提供电压表和温度计。电压表和温度计的测量值被输入到BMU50A。
另外,电流表设置在电池50和在电池50供给电力下进行操作的装置(本实施例中的马达23)之间,并且测量来自电池50的输出电流。电流表的测量值被输入到BMU 50A。
发电系统30是用于对电池50充电的机构,并且包括引擎25、发电机31和逆变器24。
引擎25的输出轴25A的旋转经由第二传动机构32传输至发电机31的旋转轴31A。当发电机31在ECU 70的控制下准备发电时,旋转轴31A通过接收引擎25的输出轴25A的旋转而旋转,并且发电机31发电。发电机31与逆变器24连接,发电机31产生的AC功率由逆变器24转换为DC功率并蓄积在电池50中。
另外,在后述的串联行驶模式中,由发电机31产生的AC功率被直接用于驱动马达23。在这种情况下,发电机31产生的电力在由逆变器24适当地转换频率之后被提供给马达23。
在启动引擎25时,发电机31也用作电动马达(启动器)。当启动引擎25时,ECU 70控制逆变器24以驱动发电机31。随着发电机31被驱动,旋转轴31A旋转。由于旋转轴31A经由第二传动机构32连接至引擎25的输出轴25A,所以当发电机31被驱动并且旋转轴31A旋转时,能够使引擎25的输出轴25A旋转。
显示单元76显示指示混合动力车辆12的状态的各种信息,使得驾驶员能够在视觉上识别混合动力车辆12的状态。在本实施方式中,在后述的EV行驶优先模式期间,显示用于在不启动引擎的情况下保持EV行驶的裕量水平。
显示单元76例如设置在驾驶座的仪表盘上,除了取决于上述引擎启动的裕量以外,显示单元76还显示电池50的充电状态、混合动力车辆12的行驶速度等。
操作单元77接收与混合动力车辆12的行驶相关的各种设置。操作单元77例如包括设置在驾驶座的仪表盘或方向盘的周边的开关等。
在本实施方式中,操作单元77接收转变为EV行驶优先模式的设置操作。EV行驶优先模式是尽可能保持以后述的EV行驶模式行驶的模式。由于在EV行驶模式中引擎25停止,因此例如能够有效地使燃料消耗最小化,或者有效地控制废气排放。
此外,由于操作单元77能够设置其他优先模式,能够提供例如电池50的充电状态被保持为接近100%的SOC优先模式,主动地对电池50充电以增加充电状态的充电优先模式等。
ECU 70是整体控制混合动力车辆12的控制单元。
ECU 70包括CPU、用于存储控制程序等的ROM、作为控制程序的操作区域的RAM、用于可重写地保持各种数据的EEPROM、用于与外围电路通信的接口单元等。
通过由CPU执行控制程序,ECU 70执行作为当前值获取部700、驱动控制部702、裕量计算部704和输出部706的功能。
当前值获取部700获取在后述的三种驱动模式之间切换时使用的参数组的当前值。
由当前值获取部700获取的参数组包括混合动力车辆12的电池50的充电状态、混合动力车辆12的需求输出和电池50的电池电压等中的至少一个。除此之外,例如,电池50的电池温度能够包括在参数组中。
例如,通过获取表示加速器踏板的操作量的加速器开度传感器71的检测值,获取混合动力车辆12的需求输出。
此外,能够从BMU 50A获取电池50的充电状态、电池电压、电池温度等。能够分别从构成电池50的所有电池单元获取电池电压和电池温度,或者能够是这些电池单元的值的平均值。
基于由当前值获取部700获取的参数组,驱动控制部702控制混合动力车辆12的各个单元,例如马达23、引擎25、发电机31、离合器装置27的驱动单元27C等。
驱动控制部702适当切换混合动力车辆12的三个驾驶模式,包括:
EV行驶模式;
串联行驶模式;
并联行驶模式,
从而驱动混合动力车辆12。
1.EV(电动车辆)行驶模式
在EV行驶模式中,引擎25停止,并且车辆通过马达23的驱动力使车轴旋转而行驶。在EV行驶模式下供给至马达23的电力是蓄积在电池50中的电力。
2.串联行驶模式
在串联行驶模式中,在利用引擎25驱动发电机31的同时,通过利用马达23的驱动力使车轴旋转来驱动车辆。在串联行驶模式中供给至马达23的电力是蓄积在电池50中的电力和由发电机31产生的电力。
例如,当电池50的充电状态减小时或者当在低速时需求输出变为等于或大于预定值时,车辆能够转变为串联行驶模式。
3.并联行驶模式
在并联行驶模式中,通过利用引擎25的驱动力和马达23的驱动力使车轴旋转来驱动车辆。
特别地,当由引擎25驱动车轴的效率高,例如高速时,车辆能够转变为并联行驶模式。在并联行驶模式中,能够将引擎25的驱动力传输至发电机31以发电。也就是说,引擎25的驱动力能够同时被分配至行驶和发电。
在EV行驶模式下,只有马达23被驱动。在串联行驶模式和并联行驶模式中,马达23和引擎25被驱动。通常,混合动力车辆12以EV行驶模式开始行驶,此后,当表示混合动力车辆12的状态的参数组中的任一个达到为参数设定的引擎启动阈值时,引擎25被启动并转换为串联行驶模式或并联行驶模式。
驱动控制部702根据操作单元77的设置操作,而改变为每个参数设定的引擎启动阈值。
例如,当设置为EV行驶优先模式时,针对电池50的充电状态的引擎启动阈值被降低,以便在充电状态达到降低的引擎启动阈值之前不启动引擎25。此外,针对需求输出的引擎启动阈值被升高,以便在更大的请求输出之前不启动引擎25。类似地,针对其他参数的其他引擎启动阈值被改变,使得引擎25难以启动。
通过使用在混合动力车辆12行驶而不运行引擎的EV行驶模式期间的每个参数的当前值和引擎启动阈值,裕量计算部704计算用于保持EV行驶而不启动引擎25的裕量水平。裕量越大,引擎25启动越困难。裕量越小,引擎25启动越容易。
通过将每个参数的当前值和引擎启动阈值之间的差值除以在可能值范围内离引擎启动阈值最远的值与引擎启动阈值之间的差值,裕量计算部704计算出裕量水平。
也就是说,通过以下等式1计算针对每个参数的启动引擎的裕量水平。
裕量水平=(当前值-引擎启动阈值)/(在可能值范围内离引擎启动阈值最远的值-引擎启动阈值)…(1)
图3(A)至图3(C)是示意性地表示裕量计算部704的余量计算方法的示图。
图3(A)示出了参数是电池50的充电状态的情况。在这种情况下,假设充电状态在0%至100%的范围内,并且引擎启动阈值为25%。当充电状态达到25%以下时,引擎25启动以开始发电。在这种情况下,在可能值范围内离引擎启动阈值最远的值是“充电状态100%”。
假设充电状态的当前值为30%,则使用公式(1)计算裕量水平如下:
(30-25)/(100-25)=0.066
裕量水平约为7%。
图3(B)示出了参数是需求输出的情况。在本实施例中,加速器开度传感器71的检测值被用作需求输出。假定加速器开度传感器的值在1V到5V之间,并且加速器操作量越大,电压值变得越大。也就是说,需求输出越大,电压值变得越大。此外,假定引擎启动阈值为3.5V。当电压值变为3.5V以上,引擎25启动,并且开始发电或驱动轮子。在这种情况下,在可能值范围内离引擎启动阈值最远的值是“加速器开度传感器值1V”。
假设需求输出的当前值为3V,则使用公式(1)计算裕量水平如下:
(3-3.5)/(1-3.5)=0.2
裕量水平是20%。
图3(C)示出了参数是电池50的电池电压的情况。假设电池电压的值在2.0V至4.0V之间,并且引擎启动阈值为2.5V。当电池电压变为2.5V以下时,引擎25启动并开始发电。在这种情况下,在可能值范围内离引擎启动阈值最远的值是“电池电压4.0V”。
假设需求输出的当前值为2.56V,则使用公式(1)计算裕量水平如下:
(2.56-2.5)/(4.0-2.5)=0.04
裕量水平为4%。
返回到图2,输出部706输出针对各个参数计算的裕量水平中的最小值。在图3(A)至图3(C)的示例中,因为与电池电压相关的裕量水平的4%是最小值,输出部706输出“4%”作为用于保持EV行驶而不启动引擎25的裕量水平。
输出裕量水平的最小值的原因在于,当任一参数达到引擎启动阈值时启动引擎25。也就是说,用于在不启动混合动力车辆12的引擎25的情况下保持EV行驶的裕量水平是由针对多个参数计算的裕量水平中的最小值表示的。
在本实施例中,输出部706通过在显示单元76上显示裕量水平以将裕量水平通知驾驶员。输出部706上的裕量水平的输出形式不限于显示,而是能够使用各种模式,例如能够应用包括声音通知的常规方式。
图4(A)和图4(B)是示出在显示单元76上显示裕量水平的方法的示例的图。
图4(A)示出了当裕量水平为约70%时的显示,并且图4(B)示出了当裕量水平为约10%时的显示。
显示单元76能够包括裕量水平显示80,行驶速度显示,马达转数显示,充电状态指示(未示出)等。
图4(A)和图4(B)示出了经由操作单元77设置的优先模式。优先模式显示由指示能够经由操作单元77选择的优先模式的图标构成。在图4(A)的示例中,EV行驶优先模式被选择,从而标记为“EV”的图标C亮起。
裕量水平显示80能够仅在EV行驶优先模式被选择时显示,或者能够始终显示,而与优先模式的设置无关。
在图4(A)和图4(B)的裕量水平显示80中,对应于裕量水平的区域806由与其它区域不同的颜色显示。在图4(A)和图4(B)中,区域806由阴影线指示。当裕量水平为最大值时,区域806最大化,并且当裕量水平为最小值时,区域806最小化,其面积基本为零。也就是说,垂直伸长的矩形指示器的上端802对应于“裕量水平100%”,下端804对应于“裕量水平0%”。从指示器的下端804开始的区域806的高度对应于裕量水平。从下端804开始的区域806的高度在图4(A)中为大约十分之七,在图4(B)中为大约十分之一。
随着区域806的面积减小,用于保持EV行驶而不启动引擎的裕量减小。应当认为能够通过裕量水平显示80的显示而直观地通知驾驶员引擎启动的时刻。
裕量水平不仅能够使用如图4(A)和图4(B)所示的矩形指示器显示,而且能够使用圆形或扇形指示器(例如燃料计)来显示。
能够显示用于计算显示为裕量水平显示80中的区域806的裕量水平的参数。也就是说,能够显示具有最小裕量水平的参数。在这种情况下,驾驶员能够在执行驾驶操作的同时关注该参数,并且应当认为这能够避免裕量水平的减小。
存在这样的情形:具有最小裕量水平的参数的种类在行驶期间可能改变。这种情形可能发生在例如,当在充电状态的裕量水平为最低值并且充电状态的裕量水平被显示、加速器踏板的操作量增加、需求输出的裕量水平降低、以及需求输出的裕量水平变为所有参数中的最低值时。在该情形下能够通过语音、显示等向驾驶员通知具有最小余量的参数种类的改变。这能够促使驾驶员抑制引擎启动。也就是说,根据上述示例,为了不启动引擎,驾驶员能够采取措施,例如抑制加速器踏板的操作量并增加需求输出的裕量水平。
图5是表示驾驶辅助设备10的处理过程的流程图。
在图5的流程图中,假设仅在设置为EV行驶优先模式时显示用于保持EV行驶而不启动引擎的裕量水平。假设在初始状态下,引擎25不运行,并且混合动力车辆12以EV行驶模式行驶。
当执行对操作部77的设置操作以设置EV行驶优先模式(步骤S500)时,驱动控制部702改变参数组的引擎启动阈值。随着阈值的改变,引擎25变得难以启动(步骤S502)。
当前值获取部700获取参数组的当前值,参数组包括混合动力车辆12中的电池50的充电状态、混合动力车辆12的需求输出和电池50的电池电压(步骤S504)。
裕量计算部704使用每个参数的当前值和引擎启动阈值来针对每个参数计算用于保持EV行驶而不启动引擎25的裕量水平(步骤S506)。
然后,输出部706输出针对每个参数计算出的裕量水平中的最小值,作为混合动力车辆保持EV行驶而不启动引擎25的裕量水平(步骤S508)。当在步骤S508中的裕量水平为0%时,即,引擎25立即启动时,显示0%的裕量水平。
如果参数组中的任一个均未达到引擎启动阈值(步骤S510:否),则保持EV模式而不启动引擎25(步骤S512),处理返回到步骤S500,并且重复进行步骤S500。
另外,如果参数组中的任一个达到引擎启动阈值(步骤S510:是),则驱动控制部702启动引擎25并且进行向串联行驶模式或并联行驶模式的模式转变(步骤S514)。
驱动控制部702继续引擎25的运行(步骤S518),直到在步骤S510中达到引擎启动阈值的参数达到引擎停止阈值(步骤S516:否)。当参数达到引擎停止阈值(步骤S516:是)时,引擎25被停止,并且混合动力车辆转变为到EV行驶模式(步骤S520)。然后,处理返回到步骤S500,以重复步骤S500之后的处理。
如上所述,根据本实施方式的驾驶辅助设备10具有以下优点:因为计算了与引擎25启动相关的多个参数,并将最小的裕量水平提供给驾驶员,使得驾驶员容易地知道用于保持EV行驶而不启动引擎25的裕量水平。应当认为,在具有由于包括充电状态和需求输出的参数以外的、驾驶员通常能够知道的参数而启动引擎25的可能性的情况下,驾驶员也能够掌握启动引擎25的原因,从而提高便利性。
根据驾驶辅助设备10,具有不同数值范围和不同的引擎启动阈值的多种参数以相同的量级互相比。优点在于,驾驶员能够快速知道裕量水平。
此外,根据驾驶辅助设备10,驾驶员能够在驾驶操作期间直观地知道裕量水平,从而提高了便利性。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于混合动力车辆的驾驶辅助设备,其特征在于,所述混合动力车辆包括引擎和马达,其中当指示所述混合动力车辆的状态的任何一个参数达到针对所述参数所设定的引擎启动阈值时,所述引擎开始运行,所述驾驶辅助设备包括:
当前值获取部,所述当前值获取部获取所述参数的当前值;
裕量计算部,所述裕量计算部使用所述参数的所述当前值和所述引擎启动阈值,计算用于保持所述引擎停止的所述参数的所述当前值的裕量水平;和
输出部,所述输出部输出计算出的所述裕量水平的最小裕量水平。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驾驶辅助设备,其特征在于,通过将所述参数的一个当前值和对应的引擎启动阈值之间的差值除以在所述一个当前值的可能值范围内离所述对应的引擎启动阈值最远的值与所述对应的引擎启动阈值之间的差值,所述裕量计算部计算出一个裕量水平。
3.根据权利要求1所述的驾驶辅助设备,其特征在于,进一步包括:
显示单元,所述显示单元包括显示区域,对应于所述最小裕量水平的区域以与其他区域不同的颜色被显示在所述显示区域中。
4.根据权利要求2所述的驾驶辅助设备,其特征在于,进一步包括:
显示单元,所述显示单元包括显示区域,对应于所述最小裕量水平的区域以与其他区域不同的颜色被显示在所述显示区域中。
5.根据权利要求3所述的驾驶辅助设备,其特征在于,当所述最小裕量水平为最大值时,所述区域具有最大面积,并且
当所述最小裕量水平为最小值时,所述面积基本上为零。
6.根据权利要求4所述的驾驶辅助设备,其特征在于,当所述最小裕量水平为最大值时,所述区域具有最大面积,并且
当所述最小裕量水平为最小值时,所述面积基本上为零。
7.根据权利要求1所述的驾驶辅助设备,其特征在于,所述参数包括所述混合动力车辆的电池的充电状态、所述混合动力车辆的需求输出的值,所述电池的电压,所述电池的温度中的至少一个。
8.根据权利要求1所述的驾驶辅助设备,其特征在于,当对应于所述最小裕量水平的所述参数在行驶期间改变时,所述输出单元向所述混合动力车辆的驾驶员输出通知。
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