CN107400177A - 葵籽粕生物提取工艺 - Google Patents
葵籽粕生物提取工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107400177A CN107400177A CN201710784217.XA CN201710784217A CN107400177A CN 107400177 A CN107400177 A CN 107400177A CN 201710784217 A CN201710784217 A CN 201710784217A CN 107400177 A CN107400177 A CN 107400177A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/52—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/56—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
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- C07C67/58—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by liquid-liquid treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/145—Extraction; Separation; Purification by extraction or solubilisation
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/34—Extraction; Separation; Purification by filtration, ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/06—Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种葵籽粕生物提取工艺,该提取工艺分为四个步骤,第一步骤为提取水解蛋白;第二步骤为提取绿原酸;第三步骤为提取多糖;第四步骤为进行环保处理。本发明提取工艺相对现行工艺的优点为:一同步提取水解蛋白、绿原酸、多糖,能够物尽其用,属于资源节约型技术,其中以碱性水替代乙醇提取,既解决了收率较低,也消除了易燃易爆的隐患;二较好的抑制了绿原酸易发生酶促褐变和非酶促褐变的反应,并大大减少了绿原酸易流失的环节,强化了绿原酸纯化的措施;三废水经过处理可实现零排放,仅有固态废物排放至垃圾场,符合环保要求,属于环境友好型生产工艺技术。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,特别涉及一种葵籽粕生物提取工艺。
背景技术
向日葵分为食葵和油葵两种,葵籽粕即油葵脱皮提取油脂后的副产品,因富含蛋白本应是很好的饲料,但是因为含有“毒素”绿原酸,不仅易氧化呈深绿色甚至深褐色,而且生成的邻醌易与蛋白结合,致使蛋白成为难以消化的成分。
而绿原酸实质是一种生物活性很高的有机物,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗艾滋病、抗菌、抗病毒、消炎、抗衰老、提升白细胞、保胎、补肾、利胆、等功效,可作为医药、保健品、化妆品原料,在国际市场上被公认为“植物黄金”。以前,国内外多以金银花、山银花、杜仲叶、咖啡豆等为原料提取绿原酸,但近年来以葵籽粕为原料提取绿原酸的研发报道也越来越多,其优势是原料易获取且成本低,采用葵籽粕为原料提取绿原酸的提取方法主要有水法、有机溶剂法及衍生的超声、微波、酶解辅助法等,例如采用乙醇提取法和水法的工艺为:
1、乙醇提取法
采用乙醇提取工艺存在如下问题:
(1)、大量使用乙醇存在易燃易爆隐患,而且有20%乙醇难以回收;
(2)、等电点+热变性脱除蛋白、萃取脱除多糖过程绿原酸流失较多;
(3)、缺少抑制绿原酸褐变的措施,甚至有的过程加热还助长了氧化;
(4)、单一提取绿原酸,资源利用率较低,废水排放难以达标,污染环境。
2、水提取法
采用水取提取工艺存在如下缺点:
(1)、酸性热水提取,虽然溶剂成本比较低,但溶解度低影响收率;
(2)、缺少抑制绿原酸褐变的措施,甚至有的过程加热还助长了氧化;
(3)、两次减压蒸馏浓缩脱溶,多加热一次,绿原酸多流失一次;
(4)、单一提取绿原酸,资源利用率较低,废水排放难以达标,污染环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种成本低廉且安全稳定的葵籽粕生物提取工艺。
一种葵籽粕生物提取工艺,其具体步骤为:
第一步骤:提取水解蛋白
a、葵籽粕加入1.5倍量纯水,按照液量溶入2%亚硫酸钠,调PH=8~10,常温高压均浆30min,以不锈钢质材压榨收取滤液,压渣两次,合并两次均浆提取滤液,滤渣备用制备饲料;
b、提取滤液搅拌加入KBT-ZTC澄清剂B组分1%浓度溶液,至出现絮凝,再加入KBT-ZTC澄清剂A组分1%浓度溶液,至出现凝聚,静置30min,离心过滤收取沉淀,滤液备用提取绿原酸;
c、沉淀加入10倍量水均浆溶解,按照液量加入3%的蛋白水解复合酶,控制温度35~40℃,PH=5,酶解≥4h,然后按照液量1~3%溶入次氯酸钠,复调PH=5,氧化≥60min,再加入2~3%的活性炭,50℃搅拌30min,离心收取滤液;
d、离心滤液调PH=6~6.5,经过纳滤,脱盐至≤0.2%,浓缩至≤20~30%,浓缩液直接喷干或者滚筒干燥,即得水解蛋白干粉;
第二步骤:提取绿原酸
a、提取蛋白滤液速调PH=5,以0.2um微滤至澄清,控制流速5BV/h,流经ADS-21大孔吸附树脂柱至终点,再控制流速2BV/h,以PH=5的去离子水3BV洗涤,再以15%乙醇3BV洗脱,其中吸附废液备用提取多糖;
b、洗脱液溶入0.1%的亚硫酸钠,经过200Da纳滤回收乙醇,并浓缩至体积≤20%,调PH=4,加入1.5倍量乙酸乙酯萃取,如有不溶物滤除,反复萃取3次,合并乙酸乙酯相萃取液,水相与微滤澄清液合并重新吸附;
c、乙酸乙酯相萃取液经过减压蒸馏回收乙酸乙酯,并浓缩至体积≤20%,加乙醚至浑浊,静置至结晶分层,滤取结晶,冻干即得绿原酸干粉,结晶母液分馏回收乙醚和乙酸乙酯,底液与浑浊液合并再结晶;
第三步骤:提取多糖
a、 ADS-7树脂吸附余液复合去离子水稀释,反复经过10KD超滤,脱除至亚硫酸钠无检出,并浓缩至≤15%;
b、浓缩液复调PH=5,加入3%的活性炭,粗细各50%,控制≧50℃,搅拌60min,离心收取滤液,调PH=7,直接喷干或者滚筒干燥即得多糖干粉;
第四步骤:环保处理
a、所有营养性废水合并,调PH=7,流经反渗透膜滤器,透析液为纯水,可循环使用,浓缩液与滤渣及含有营养的其它废渣混合,调控水分≤50%;
b、混合物经过制粒机,可一次性半熟化、挤压成颗粒,再经过自然降温,使水分降至≤20%,即得到颗粒饲料,检测合格后称重、包装;
c、所有酸碱盐废水合并,调PH=7,流经反渗透膜滤器,透析液为纯水,可循环使用,浓缩液与废活性炭混合,经过自然风干,得到的固废干粉与垃圾混合,排放至垃圾场。
工艺技术既是企业发展的“瓶颈“,也是企业竞争力的核心,本发明提取工艺相对现行工艺具有以下竞争优势:
(1)、同步提取水解蛋白、绿原酸、多糖,能够物尽其用,属于资源节约型技术,其中以碱性水替代乙醇提取,既解决了收率较低,也消除了易燃易爆的隐患;
(2)、较好的抑制了绿原酸易发生酶促褐变和非酶促褐变的反应,并大大减少了绿原酸易流失的环节,强化了绿原酸纯化的措施;
(3)、废水经过处理可实现零排放,仅有固态废物排放至垃圾场,符合环保要求,属于环境友好型生产工艺技术。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的技术方案进行详细描述。
本发明提取工艺是“变废为宝”,以葵籽粕为原料提取绿原酸,不仅可使附加值增加数十倍,还可以得到“脱毒”的蛋白饲料,是一举两得的好办法。
一、设计依据
1、葵籽粕
(1)、绿原酸在植物中分布比较广泛,但是含量比较丰富的并不多,至今仅发现金银花、山银花、向日葵籽、咖啡豆、杜仲叶、甘草、茶叶的绿原酸含量比较丰富,其中以葵籽粕和杜仲叶的成本较低;
(2)、葵籽粕的主要成分随品种不同、产地不同、工艺不同而有差异,大体为:油脂残留0.7~1.2%,水分8~12%,蛋白48~55%(其中可溶性蛋白45.5~51 %),碳水化合物30~35%,灰分6.8~7.4%,绿原酸1.4~4.5%(为总多酚的70%);
(3)、提取油脂的工艺不同,绿原酸的褐变反应程度不同,其褐变程度的次序为超(亚)临界萃取工艺≤直接浸取工艺≤预压冷浸工艺≤预热压榨工艺,为此原料以超(亚)临界萃取、直接浸取工艺的脱皮葵籽粕为宜;
(4)、当然,若直接以脱壳葵籽为原料,先以石油醚或者己烷脱除油脂,再按照本工艺进行生物提取,则绿原酸产量最高,即使原料成本较高,但是回报的附加值更高,可谓是一种相当不错的选择。
2、水解蛋白
(1)、蛋白指具有功能性、可溶性的蛋白,等电点多为4~-5,少数偏碱性,不溶于乙醇、丙酮、乙醚等有机溶剂,具有两性性质,可盐溶又能盐析,可为蛋白酶水解,可与还原糖发生非酶促的美拉德反应;
(2)、高F值低聚肽是当今世界倍受欢迎的水解蛋白,所谓F值即支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸的比值,这是因为蛋白酶解为低聚肽的过程中,不可避免的有越来越多的芳香族氨基酸残基被“切割”下来,往往带有苦味,所以必须脱除;
(3)、目前尚无国家标准,企业标准中一般规定蛋白含量25~90%不等,水分≤7%。
3、多糖
(1)、多糖属于≥10个单糖聚合的糖,包括中性、碱性、酸性多糖,有杂糖与均糖之分,本工艺指易溶于水、分子量 20000~60000的多糖,而不包括纤维、淀粉、果胶等大分子多糖;
(2)、多糖易与蛋白共价结合,形成如肽聚糖、糖蛋白、蛋白聚糖等,经过糖苷酶、强酸强碱作用,可水解为低聚糖、单糖及其衍生物;
(3)、多糖与蛋白、肽等结合后,具有亲水性,其溶解度与分子量成反比,与温度成正比,其粘度与直链数量成正比,与温度成反比;
(4)、多糖在≥50~80%的乙醇、丙酮中能够分级沉淀,与季铵盐、铜、钙、铅、钡离子可生成沉淀,可盐析,多糖没有还原性,不会发生拉美德反应;
(5)、目前尚无国家标准,企业标准中规定多糖含量20~80%不等。
4、绿原酸
(1)、绿原酸也称咖啡单宁酸、咖啡鞣酸或者咖啡酰奎尼酸,属于多酚类中咖啡酸和奎尼酸缩合而成的酚酸,分子量354.3,因为含有羟基和酚羧基,所以呈酸性,极性较强,常温水中溶解度为4%;
(2)、绿原酸在水中溶解度随PH降低而降低、随温度提高而增加,易溶于乙醇、丙酮、甲醇、乙酸乙酯等极性溶剂,更易溶于碱性水,难溶于乙醚、氯仿、石油醚等弱极性溶剂,在酸性条件下比较稳定,能与钙、铅离子发生可逆性沉淀;
(3)、植物内含有自溶酚酶,易被铁铜铝离子激活,在有氧、中性条件下,易催化绿原酸生成具有颜色的醌类,发生酶促褐变反应,另外绿原酸含有不稳定的酯键、不饱和双键及酚羧基,所以也易氧化缩合,发生非酶促褐变反应;
(4)、目前尚无国家标准,企业标准中规定绿原酸含量10~-99%不等,其中含量低的仅能称为提取物。
本发明针对现行工艺存在的问题,自行研制出一种新的提取工艺,该工艺的优化目标为:一是附加值较高的成分尽量予以提取,以提高资源利用率;二是不用或者少用有机溶剂,以降低易燃易爆的风险;三是减少产品流失环节,强化产品质量保;四是污染达到零排放,生产变为环境友好型。
一种葵籽粕生物提取工艺,其具体步骤为:
1、水解蛋白
(1)、葵籽粕加入1.5倍量纯水,按照液量溶入2%亚硫酸钠,调PH=8~10,常温高压均浆30min,以不锈钢质材压榨收取滤液,压渣再重复一次,合并两次均浆提取滤液,滤渣备用制备饲料;
(2)、提取滤液搅拌加入KBT-ZTC澄清剂B组分1%浓度溶液,至出现絮凝,再加入KBT-ZTC澄清剂A组分1%浓度溶液,至出现凝聚,静置30min,离心过滤收取沉淀,滤液备用提取绿原酸;
(3)、沉淀(含微滤截留液)加入10倍量水均浆溶解,按照液量加入3%的蛋白水解复合酶,控制温度35~40℃,PH=5,酶解≥4h,然后按照液量1~3%溶入次氯酸钠,复调PH=5,氧化≥60min,再加入2-3%的活性炭,50℃搅拌30min,离心收取滤液;
(4)、离心滤液调PH=6~6.5,经过纳滤,脱盐至≤0.2%,浓缩至≤20-30%,浓缩液直接喷干或者滚筒干燥,即得水解蛋白干粉。
2、提取绿原酸
(1)、提取蛋白滤液速调PH=5,以0.2um微滤至澄清,控制流速5BV/h,流经ADS-21大孔吸附树脂柱至终点,再控制流速2BV/h,以PH=5的去离子水3BV洗涤,再以15%乙醇3BV洗脱,其中吸附废液备用提取多糖;
(2)、洗脱液溶入0.1%的亚硫酸钠(水溶投加),经过200Da纳滤回收乙醇,并浓缩至体积≤20%,调PH=4,加入1.5倍量乙酸乙酯萃取,如有不溶物滤除,反复萃取3次,合并乙酸乙酯相萃取液,水相与微滤澄清液合并重新吸附;
(3)、乙酸乙酯相萃取液经过减压蒸馏回收乙酸乙酯,并浓缩至体积≤20%,加乙醚至“浑浊”,静置至结晶分层,滤取结晶,冻干即得绿原酸干粉,结晶母液分馏回收乙醚和乙酸乙酯,厎液与“浑浊”液合并再结晶。
3、提取多糖
(1)、 ADS-7树脂吸附余液复合去离子水稀释,反复经过10KD超滤,脱除至亚硫酸钠无检出,并浓缩至≤15%;
(2)、浓缩液复调PH=5,加入3%的活性炭(粗细各50%),控制≧50℃,搅拌60min,离心收取滤液,调PH=7,直接喷干或者滚筒干燥即得多糖干粉。
4、环保处理
(1)、所有营养性废水合并,调PH=7,流经反渗透膜滤器,透析液为纯水,可循环使用,浓缩液与滤渣及含有营养的其它废渣混合,调控水分≤50%;
(2)、混合物经过制粒机,可一次性半熟化、挤压成颗粒,再经过自然降温,使水分降至≤20%,即得到颗粒饲料,检测合格后称重、包装;
(3)、所有酸碱盐废水合并,调PH=7,流经反渗透膜滤器,透析液为纯水,可循环使用,浓缩液与废活性炭混合,经过自然风干,得到的固废干粉与垃圾混合,排放至垃圾场。
市场竞争中,技术竞争优势必然可以转换为经济竞争优势,以全年300个生产日,生产规模以处理葵籽粕2.5t/d计,本发明提取工艺与现行工艺的经济效益对比如下:
Claims (1)
1. 一种葵籽粕生物提取工艺,其特征在于:所述提取工艺的具体步骤为:
第一步骤:提取水解蛋白
a、葵籽粕加入1.5倍量纯水,按照液量溶入2%亚硫酸钠,调PH=8~10,常温高压均浆30min,以不锈钢质材压榨收取滤液,压渣两次,合并两次均浆提取滤液,滤渣备用制备饲料;
b、提取滤液搅拌加入KBT-ZTC澄清剂B组分1%浓度溶液,至出现絮凝,再加入KBT-ZTC澄清剂A组分1%浓度溶液,至出现凝聚,静置30min,离心过滤收取沉淀,滤液备用提取绿原酸;
c、沉淀加入10倍量水均浆溶解,按照液量加入3%的蛋白水解复合酶,控制温度35~40℃,PH=5,酶解≥4h,然后按照液量1~3%溶入次氯酸钠,复调PH=5,氧化≥60min,再加入2~3%的活性炭,50℃搅拌30min,离心收取滤液;
d、离心滤液调PH=6~6.5,经过纳滤,脱盐至≤0.2%,浓缩至≤20~30%,浓缩液直接喷干或者滚筒干燥,即得水解蛋白干粉;
第二步骤:提取绿原酸
a、提取蛋白滤液速调PH=5,以0.2um微滤至澄清,控制流速5BV/h,流经ADS-21大孔吸附树脂柱至终点,再控制流速2BV/h,以PH=5的去离子水3BV洗涤,再以15%乙醇3BV洗脱,其中吸附废液备用提取多糖;
b、洗脱液溶入0.1%的亚硫酸钠,经过200Da纳滤回收乙醇,并浓缩至体积≤20%,调PH=4,加入1.5倍量乙酸乙酯萃取,如有不溶物滤除,反复萃取3次,合并乙酸乙酯相萃取液,水相与微滤澄清液合并重新吸附;
c、乙酸乙酯相萃取液经过减压蒸馏回收乙酸乙酯,并浓缩至体积≤20%,加乙醚至浑浊,静置至结晶分层,滤取结晶,冻干即得绿原酸干粉,结晶母液分馏回收乙醚和乙酸乙酯,底液与浑浊液合并再结晶;
第三步骤:提取多糖
a、 ADS-7树脂吸附余液复合去离子水稀释,反复经过10KD超滤,脱除至亚硫酸钠无检出,并浓缩至≤15%;
b、浓缩液复调PH=5,加入3%的活性炭,粗细各50%,控制≧50℃,搅拌60min,离心收取滤液,调PH=7,直接喷干或者滚筒干燥即得多糖干粉;
第四步骤:环保处理
a、所有营养性废水合并,调PH=7,流经反渗透膜滤器,透析液为纯水,可循环使用,浓缩液与滤渣及含有营养的其它废渣混合,调控水分≤50%;
b、混合物经过制粒机,可一次性半熟化、挤压成颗粒,再经过自然降温,使水分降至≤20%,即得到颗粒饲料,检测合格后称重、包装;
c、所有酸碱盐废水合并,调PH=7,流经反渗透膜滤器,透析液为纯水,可循环使用,浓缩液与废活性炭混合,经过自然风干,得到的固废干粉与垃圾混合,排放至垃圾场。
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