CN107379703A - 一种控释型活性包装薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种控释型活性包装薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种控释型活性包装薄膜及其制备方法，其特征在于：薄膜为3层复合结构，包括内层、中间层和外层；所述的内层为聚乙烯或聚丙烯微孔薄膜，所述的中间层为加有活性物质的聚乙烯醇薄膜，所述的外层为聚丙烯、尼龙、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等薄膜；所述的内层、中间层和外层经过复合制备得到复合薄膜。以PVA活性膜层为中间层，以疏水性微孔薄膜为内层材料，制得多层复合薄膜，可以通过调节内层微孔薄膜的微孔孔径大小及数量来调控抗菌剂/抗氧化剂等活性物质的释放，达到缓释的效果，应用于食品包装，更好地保护食品，延长食品货架期。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控释型活性包装薄膜及其制备方法，尤其是一种基于内层微孔薄膜调控的多层复合控释型活性包装薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料薄膜是食品包装的主要材料之一，释放型活性包装薄膜是将抗菌剂、抗氧化剂等活性物质加入到塑料薄膜中，在食品储存过程中能从薄膜内向食品中释放出活性物质，能够延长食品货架寿命、改进感官品质、提高食品安全性，从而维持食品质量。通过活性包装技术，可以减少甚至避免食品加工过程中抗菌剂、抗氧化剂等防腐剂的直接加入，同时提高了食品贮藏稳定性。
聚乙烯醇（Poly-(vinyl alcohol)，PVA）是一种可生物降解、水溶性合成高分子聚合物，因其生物降解性、优异的成膜性、粘结性、气体阻隔性等优点，被广泛应用于工业、医药及食品接触包装材料领域，已被美国农业部（United States Department ofAgriculture，USDA）批准用于肉、家禽类产品的包装。国内外较多研究将抗菌剂、抗氧化剂（如）加入到PVA中，制备得到具有抗菌、抗氧化功能的PVA活性薄膜。但是PVA亲水性强，包装含水食品（尤其是水分含量较高的食品）时，因薄膜易吸水溶胀，加入其中的活性物质很快被释放出来，不能达到很好的缓释效果，而作为食品活性包装材料则被希望能够在整个储藏过程中进行长期释放。本发明针对这一问题，以PVA活性膜层为中间层，以疏水性微孔薄膜为内层材料，制得多层复合薄膜，可以通过调节内层微孔薄膜的微孔孔径大小来调控抗菌剂/抗氧化剂等活性物质的释放，达到缓释的效果，应用于食品包装，更好地保护食品，延长食品货架期。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种控释型活性包装薄膜及其制备方法，以PVA活性膜层为中间层，以疏水性微孔薄膜为内层材料，制得多层复合薄膜，可以通过调节内层微孔薄膜的微孔孔径大小及数量来调控抗菌剂/抗氧化剂等活性物质的释放。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
薄膜为3层复合结构，包括内层、中间层和外层；所述的内层为聚乙烯或聚丙烯微孔薄膜，所述的中间层为加有活性物质的聚乙烯醇薄膜，聚乙烯醇薄膜组成物的质量比例为：聚乙烯醇71.7～90.5%，聚醋酸乙烯-乙烯乳液3.6～4.5%，丙三醇3.2～4.1%，抗菌剂或抗氧化剂0.9～21.5%；所述的外层为聚丙烯、尼龙、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等薄膜；所述的内层、中间层和外层经过复合制备得到复合薄膜。
聚乙烯或聚丙烯微孔薄膜的微孔孔径为5-50um。
聚乙烯或聚丙烯微孔薄膜的微孔孔径为10um。
聚乙烯醇薄膜组成物的质量比例为：聚乙烯醇80～90%，聚醋酸乙烯-乙烯乳液4%，丙三醇3.5%，抗菌剂或抗氧化剂7.5～12.5%。
所述的一种控释型活性包装薄膜的制备方法为：
（1）聚乙烯醇膜液配置：称取一定质量的PVA树脂置于一定量的蒸馏水中，加入一定量的甘油作为增塑剂于95℃条件下搅拌至PVA树脂完全溶解得到PVA胶液，再向其中加入一定量的聚醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液，继续搅拌至混合均匀，然后冷却至45℃，向其中加入一定量的抗菌剂、抗氧化剂等活性物质，搅拌至混合均匀，得到含抗菌/抗氧化活性物质的聚乙烯醇膜液，并将其保温在45℃条件下待用；
（2）复合薄膜制备：
a.外层薄膜表面处理：将薄膜表面进行电晕处理，使得薄膜表面临界张力达到45～50mN/m，电晕处理工艺条件如下：电压10～20KV；功率300～400W；电极间隙1～2mm；
b.聚乙烯醇膜液涂布：将步骤（1）中制得的聚乙烯醇膜液均匀涂布在电晕处理过的薄膜表面，将薄膜放入60℃的烘箱中干燥5分钟，制备得到涂有聚乙烯醇膜液的薄膜，薄膜在烘箱中须保持张紧状态；
c.薄膜复合：先将表面涂有粘合剂的聚乙烯或聚丙烯薄膜通过激光打孔设备制得不同孔径大小的微孔薄膜，再将步骤（b）中制得的涂有聚乙烯醇膜液的薄膜与微孔薄膜通过热压复合工艺，制备得到复合薄膜材料。
本发明提供了一种控释型活性包装薄膜及其制备方法，以PVA活性膜层为中间层，以疏水性微孔薄膜为内层材料，制得多层复合薄膜，可以通过调节内层微孔薄膜的微孔孔径大小及数量来调控抗菌剂/抗氧化剂等活性物质的释放，达到缓释的效果，应用于食品包装，更好地保护食品，延长食品货架期。
附图说明
图1为薄膜中的山梨酸钾从薄膜释放到食品模拟液（水）中的释放量随时间变化曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述，但本发明的保护范围并不仅于此：
实施例1
（1）聚乙烯醇膜液配置：称取11gPVA树脂置于100mL蒸馏水中，加入0.5g甘油作为增塑剂于95℃条件下搅拌至PVA树脂完全溶解得到PVA胶液，再向其中加入1g聚醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液（固含量55%），继续搅拌至混合均匀，然后冷却至45℃，向其中加入0.55g山梨酸钾，搅拌至混合均匀，得到聚乙烯醇膜液，并将其保温在45℃条件下待用。
（2）复合薄膜制备：
a.外层薄膜表面处理：将尼龙薄膜表面进行电晕处理，使得薄膜表面临界张力达到45mN/m,电晕处理工艺条件如下：电压15KV；功率300W；电极间隙1mm。
b.聚乙烯醇膜液涂布：将步骤（1）中制得的聚乙烯醇膜液均匀涂布在电晕处理过的尼龙薄膜表面，将薄膜放入60℃的烘箱中干燥5分钟，制备得到涂有聚乙烯醇膜液的尼龙薄膜，薄膜在烘箱中须保持张紧状态。
c.薄膜复合：先将表面涂有粘合剂的聚乙烯薄膜通过激光打孔设备制得孔径大小为10μm的微孔薄膜，再将步骤（b）中制得的涂有聚乙烯醇膜液的尼龙薄膜与聚乙烯微孔薄膜通过热压复合工艺，制备得到复合薄膜材料。
实施例2
（1）聚乙烯醇膜液配置：称取11gPVA树脂置于100mL蒸馏水中，加入0.5g甘油作为增塑剂于95℃条件下搅拌至PVA树脂完全溶解得到PVA胶液，再向其中加入1g聚醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液（固含量55%），继续搅拌至混合均匀，然后冷却至45℃，向其中加入0.55g山梨酸钾，搅拌至混合均匀，得到聚乙烯醇膜液，并将其保温在45℃条件下待用；
（2）复合薄膜制备：
a.外层薄膜表面处理：将尼龙薄膜表面进行电晕处理，使得薄膜表面临界张力达到45mN/m,电晕处理工艺条件如下：电压15KV；功率300W；电极间隙1mm。
b.聚乙烯醇膜液涂布：将步骤（1）中制得的聚乙烯醇膜液均匀涂布在电晕处理过的尼龙薄膜表面，将薄膜放入60℃的烘箱中干燥5分钟，制备得到涂有聚乙烯醇膜液的尼龙薄膜，薄膜在烘箱中须保持张紧状态。
c.薄膜复合：先将表面涂有粘合剂的聚乙烯薄膜通过激光打孔设备制得孔径大小为50μm的微孔薄膜，再将步骤（b）中制得的涂有聚乙烯醇膜液的尼龙薄膜与聚乙烯微孔薄膜通过热压复合工艺，制备得到复合薄膜材料。
实施例3
（1）聚乙烯醇膜液配置：称取11gPVA树脂置于100mL蒸馏水中，加入0.5g甘油作为增塑剂于95℃条件下搅拌至PVA树脂完全溶解得到PVA胶液，再向其中加入1g聚醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液（固含量55%），继续搅拌至混合均匀，然后冷却至45℃，向其中加入0.11g山梨酸钾，搅拌至混合均匀，得到聚乙烯醇膜液，并将其保温在45℃条件下待用。
（2）复合薄膜制备：
a.外层薄膜表面处理：将尼龙薄膜表面进行电晕处理，使得薄膜表面临界张力达到45mN/m，电晕处理工艺条件如下：电压15KV；功率300W；电极间隙1mm。
b.聚乙烯醇膜液涂布：将步骤（1）中制得的聚乙烯醇膜液均匀涂布在电晕处理过的尼龙薄膜表面，将薄膜放入60℃条件下的烘箱中干燥5分钟，制备得到涂有聚乙烯醇膜液的尼龙薄膜，薄膜在烘箱中须保持张紧状态。
c.薄膜复合：先将表面涂有粘合剂的聚乙烯薄膜通过激光打孔设备制得孔径大小为100μm的微孔薄膜，再将步骤（b）中制得的涂有聚乙烯醇膜液的尼龙薄膜与聚乙烯微孔薄膜通过热压复合工艺，制备得到复合薄膜材料。
实施例4
（1）聚乙烯醇膜液配置：称取11gPVA树脂置于100mL蒸馏水中，加入0.5g甘油作为增塑剂于95℃条件下搅拌至PVA树脂完全溶解得到PVA胶液，再向其中加入1g聚醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液（固含量55%），继续搅拌至混合均匀，然后冷却至45℃，向其中加入0.11g山梨酸钾，搅拌至混合均匀，得到聚乙烯醇膜液，并将其保温在45℃条件下待用；
（2）复合薄膜制备：
a.外层薄膜表面处理：将尼龙薄膜表面进行电晕处理，使得薄膜表面临界张力达到45mN/m,电晕处理工艺条件如下：电压15KV；功率300W；电极间隙1mm。
b.聚乙烯醇膜液涂布：将步骤（1）中制得的聚乙烯醇膜液均匀涂布在电晕处理过的尼龙薄膜表面，将薄膜放入60℃条件下的烘箱中干燥5分钟，制备得到涂有聚乙烯醇膜液的尼龙薄膜，薄膜在烘箱中须保持张紧状态。
本发明的申请人依据提出的上述技术方案，对采用上述技术方法制得的这种包装薄膜进行释放性能实验：以蒸馏水为食品模拟液（模拟水性食品），通过释放（迁移）实验，定期对薄膜释放至食品模拟液中的活性物质（山梨酸钾）进行测量，附图1为薄膜中的山梨酸钾从薄膜释放到食品模拟液中的释放量随时间的变化情况，纵坐标为薄膜中的山梨酸钾释放到食品模拟液中的量与薄膜中原始山梨酸钾含量的比值。其实验结果如下：
由附图1可以看出，4种薄膜的山梨酸钾释放量都随着时间延长而逐渐增加。对比4种薄膜，释放达到平衡状态的速率快慢依次为：实施例4﹥实施例3﹥实施例2﹥实施例1。由此可以看出，首先复合结构延缓了薄膜中山梨酸钾向食品模拟液中的释放，其次山梨酸钾释放速率随着内层薄膜微孔直径的增加而增加。其原因是，实施例4的薄膜没有内层薄膜，进行释放性能实验时，聚乙烯醇薄膜直接与食品模拟液接触，水分子进入到聚乙烯醇薄膜中导致薄膜溶胀，薄膜中的山梨酸钾释放到食品模拟液中，其释放量随时间延长而逐渐增加，最后达到平衡状态。对比实施例1、2、3，其区别在于内层薄膜的微孔直径大小不同，微孔直径越大，就有越多的水分子通过微孔进入到中间层薄膜中，导致中间层聚乙烯醇薄膜溶胀，从而使薄膜中的山梨酸钾通过微孔向食品模拟液中缓慢释放出来。因此，可以得到如下结论：该多层复合薄膜，可以通过调整内层薄膜微孔的大小及数量来控制薄膜中活性物质（山梨酸钾）的释放。
以上仅是本发明依据基本创意给出的具体实施方式，任何依据本基本创意给出的不具备实质性改进均应属于本发明保护的范畴。
Claims (5)
1.一种控释型活性包装薄膜，其特征在于：薄膜为3层复合结构，包括内层、中间层和外层；所述的内层为聚乙烯或聚丙烯微孔薄膜，所述的中间层为加有活性物质的聚乙烯醇薄膜，聚乙烯醇薄膜组成物的质量比例为：聚乙烯醇71.7～90.5%，聚醋酸乙烯-乙烯乳液3.6～4.5%，丙三醇3.2～4.1%，抗菌剂或抗氧化剂0.9～21.5%；所述的外层为聚丙烯、尼龙、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等薄膜；所述的内层、中间层和外层经过复合制备得到复合薄膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种控释型活性包装薄膜，其特征在于：所述的聚乙烯或聚丙烯微孔薄膜的微孔孔径为5-50um。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种控释型活性包装薄膜，其特征在于：所述的聚乙烯或聚丙烯微孔薄膜的微孔孔径为10um。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种控释型活性包装薄膜，其特征在于：所述的聚乙烯醇薄膜组成物的质量比例为：聚乙烯醇80～90%，聚醋酸乙烯-乙烯乳液4%，丙三醇3.5%，抗菌剂或抗氧化剂7.5～12.5%。
5.如权利要求1-4所述的任意一种控释型活性包装薄膜的制备方法， 其特征在于：
（1）聚乙烯醇膜液配置：称取一定质量的PVA树脂置于一定量的蒸馏水中，加入一定量的甘油作为增塑剂于95℃条件下搅拌至PVA树脂完全溶解得到PVA胶液，再向其中加入一定量的聚醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液，继续搅拌至混合均匀，然后冷却至45℃，向其中加入一定量的抗菌剂、抗氧化剂等活性物质，搅拌至混合均匀，得到含抗菌/抗氧化活性物质的聚乙烯醇膜液，并将其保温在45℃条件下待用；
（2）复合薄膜制备：
a.外层薄膜表面处理：将薄膜表面进行电晕处理，使得薄膜表面临界张力达到45～50mN/m，电晕处理工艺条件如下：电压10～20KV；功率300～400W；电极间隙1～2mm；
b.聚乙烯醇膜液涂布：将步骤（1）中制得的聚乙烯醇膜液均匀涂布在电晕处理过的薄膜表面，将薄膜放入60℃的烘箱中干燥5分钟，制备得到涂有聚乙烯醇膜液的薄膜，薄膜在烘箱中须保持张紧状态；
c.薄膜复合：先将表面涂有粘合剂的聚乙烯或聚丙烯薄膜通过激光打孔设备制得不同孔径大小的微孔薄膜，再将步骤（b）中制得的涂有聚乙烯醇膜液的薄膜与微孔薄膜通过热压复合工艺，制备得到复合薄膜材料。
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| CN111995785A (zh) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-11-27 | 上海海洋大学 | 一种响应型缓释活性包装薄膜及制备方法和应用 |
| CN112743943A (zh) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-04 | 上海海洋大学 | 控释型可降解活性包装薄膜及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN112743943B (zh) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-09-26 | 上海海洋大学 | 控释型可降解活性包装薄膜及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN115230264A (zh) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-25 | 北京科技大学 | 一种防止接触面变色的智能控释保鲜复合膜 |
| CN115139615A (zh) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-10-04 | 河北泰达包装材料有限公司 | 一种软包装改性cpp薄膜及其生产方法 |
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