CN114630581A - 防霉剂袋 - Google Patents

防霉剂袋 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114630581A
CN114630581A CN202080066839.9A CN202080066839A CN114630581A CN 114630581 A CN114630581 A CN 114630581A CN 202080066839 A CN202080066839 A CN 202080066839A CN 114630581 A CN114630581 A CN 114630581A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
bag
calcium propionate
feed product
mold
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202080066839.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
M.J.加布里尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Purina Animal Nutrition LLC
Original Assignee
Purina Animal Nutrition LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Purina Animal Nutrition LLC filed Critical Purina Animal Nutrition LLC
Publication of CN114630581A publication Critical patent/CN114630581A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
    • B65D81/28—Applications of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
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Abstract

制造用于饲料产品的袋的方法涉及提供包括一种或多种聚合物的多层基材。该方法还涉及将聚合物膜挤出到基材的表面上以形成细长片材。聚合物膜可包括防霉剂。该方法还包括将细长片材切成较小的单独片材，并沿其周边将成对的单独片材接合在一起，以形成配置成接收饲料产品的袋。聚合物膜可以衬在成品袋的内表面上。

Description

防霉剂袋
技术领域
实施方式涉及被配置为抑制霉菌生长的包装材料及其形成和使用方法。具体实施方式包括包含丙酸钙的多层动物饲料袋。
背景技术
各种饲料产品上的霉菌生长对制造者和消费者来说是普遍存在的问题。即使根据严格的工业标准适当包装的饲料产品也可能易于霉菌生长，特别是在饲料产品含有中等至高水平的水分的情况下。为了防止霉菌生长，目前的方法通常涉及在制造期间将各种霉菌抑制剂直接并入饲料产品中。然而，由于外部水分渗透到用于容纳饲料的袋中和/或由于水分从饲料本身内释放，然后在密封后水分可能被捕获在袋内，所以这些方法仍然容易受到霉菌生长的影响。袋的预填充污染也可能导致不希望的霉菌生长。因此，用于抑制饲料产品和其他消费品上的霉菌生长的改进技术是必要的。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开的原理的袋的透视图。
图2是根据本公开的原理的袋材料的实施例的横截面侧视图。
图3是根据本公开的原理的袋材料的另一个实施方案的横截面侧视图。
图4是根据本公开的原理的用于制造袋材料的方法的流程图。
发明内容
实施方式提供了制造用于饲料产品的袋的方法。在一些实例中，方法涉及提供多层基材。基材可包含一种或多种聚合物。该方法还可以包括将聚合物膜挤出到基材的表面上，以形成细长片材。聚合物膜可包括防霉剂。该方法还可以包括将细长片材切成较小的单独片材，并将成对的单独片材沿其周边接合在一起，以形成被配置成接收饲料产品的袋。聚合物膜可以衬在成品袋的内表面上。
在一些实例中，该多层基材可以包含膜挤出物和织物。层压挤出物可以被包括在膜挤出物和织物之间。在一些实施方案中，膜挤出物包含双轴取向的聚丙烯。在一些实例中，所述织物包含聚丙烯。在一些实施方案中，织物是织造的。在一些实例中，所述织物是非织造的。在一些实施方案中，聚合物膜包含聚丙烯和聚乙烯的共混物。
在一些实例中，该方法进一步涉及在将该聚合物膜挤出到该基材的表面上之前，将该防霉剂与包含该聚合物膜的材料整体混合。在一些实施方案中，霉菌抑制剂包含颗粒状或液体丙酸钙。在一些实例中，该方法还涉及将该防霉剂沉积到该聚合物膜的表面上，以形成涂层。在一些实施方案中，霉菌抑制剂包含丙酸。在一些实例中，该聚合物膜包含约0.1wt％至约5wt％的该防霉剂。在一些实施方案中，饲料产品不包含霉菌抑制剂或另一种霉菌抑制剂。在一些实例中，所述袋被配置成容纳约5磅至约50磅的饲料产品。在一些实施方案中，多层基材包含缺乏霉菌抑制性质的成品袋材料。在一些实例中，饲料产品包括用于家畜、马、鹿或家养宠物的丸粒或挤出块。
根据本公开的实施方案，抑制饲料产品的袋内的霉菌生长的方法可以包括将饲料产品添加到袋中，其中饲料产品在升高的温度和升高的水分含量下添加。该方法还可以包括在升高的温度和升高的水分含量下密封容纳饲料产品的袋。该方法还可以包括允许饲料产品冷却并释放袋内的水分。袋可包括嵌入其内层中或施加到其内层的防霉剂。根据该方法，在将饲料产品添加到袋后至少三周，在袋内没有观察到霉菌生长。
在一些实例中，该防霉剂包含丙酸钙。在一些实施方案中，升高的温度可以为约80°F至约150°F的范围。在一些实例中，升高的水分含量为约11wt％至约13wt％。在一些实施方案中，饲料产品包括丸粒或挤出块。
根据本公开的实施例，用于饲料产品的袋可以包括形成为两个或更多个片材的袋材料，所述两个或更多个片材接合在一起以形成被配置为接收饲料产品的空腔。每个片材可以包括多层基材和聚合物膜。聚合物膜可以包含丙酸钙，并且膜可以衬在空腔的内表面上。
在一些实例中，丙酸钙可以嵌入聚合物膜中。在一些实例中，丙酸钙可以包含粘附到聚合物膜表面的涂层。在一些实例中，所述袋可进一步包含经配置以将所述涂层固定到所述聚合物膜的所述表面的结合剂或载体。在一些实施方案中，聚合物膜可包括聚丙烯和聚乙烯的挤出共混物。在一些实例中，该多层基材可以包括包含双轴取向聚丙烯的膜挤出物。膜挤出物可用作袋材料相对于空腔的最外层。多层基材还可包括包含织造聚丙烯的织物。
在一些实例中，所述袋还包括位于所述膜挤出物和所述织物之间的粘合剂层压挤出物。在一些实施方案中，袋材料不含霉菌抑制剂。在一些实例中，该聚合物膜包含约0.1wt％至约5wt％的丙酸钙。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了具有霉菌抑制性能的袋子或小袋，以及它们的制造和使用方法。构成袋的材料含有霉菌抑制剂或抗真菌剂，例如丙酸钙。通过将防霉剂直接添加到袋材料中，可以减少或甚至消除将防霉剂并入袋内容物(例如动物饲料产品)中。袋材料可包括多个分立的层，每层包含一种或多种聚合物。如本文所提供的，防霉剂不是天然存在于聚合物(一种或多种)中，而是与聚合物整体混合或涂覆在聚合物上，例如通过膜挤出物。作为保持在袋中的内容物的替代或添加，在袋材料中包含防霉剂可以以先前未考虑的方式显著增强防霉性。例如，用于抑制霉菌生长的现有方法通常依赖于将霉菌抑制剂或防腐剂直接并入饲料产品中，例如作为饲料添加剂。这种方法可以用于试图保护每个饲料颗粒免受霉菌生长，并且可以源于仅通过在饲料产品中直接包含霉菌抑制剂才能有效抑制霉菌的普遍理解。所公开的方法可以在饲料产品内不并入霉菌抑制剂的情况下实现相同或甚至更高水平的霉菌抑制，这可以改善饲料产品的适口性和/或允许更广泛种类的饲料产品包括在相同或相似的袋内，例如含有或缺乏霉菌抑制剂的饲料产品。
本文所述的袋可被配置用于容纳大量动物饲料，例如>20磅，但不限于此类应用。例如，袋内容物可以变化，并且可以包括丸状或挤出的动物饲料产品、供人类消费的产品或易受霉菌和霉菌生长影响的非食物产品，仅举几例。
并入袋材料中的特定防霉剂也可以不同。为了便于说明，根据本文所述的实施例公开了丙酸钙。可以使用至少一种另外的防霉剂，或者丙酸钙可以用作袋材料中包含的唯一防霉剂。
袋组合物
本文公开的袋可以包括包含丙酸钙的多层袋材料的片材，丙酸钙可以被捕获或嵌入或施加到袋材料的至少一层中。一个或多个层可包含织造或非织造织物，并且每个层可包含不同的组合物，其可包括一种或多种聚合物的组合。一个或多个涂层可以衬在袋材料的最内部分，以防止存在于袋内容物上或袋内容物内的各种物质(例如糖蜜、油或水)渗漏。多层袋材料可以以平片或膜的形式制造。如图1所示，相同尺寸的片材102、104可以在其周边处接合，以形成限定内部空间106的袋100。
相对于容纳在袋内的内容物，袋材料的最内层可以包括由聚合物树脂形成的膜挤出物。包括在最内层内的聚合物的数量和类型可以变化。例如，最内层可包含聚丙烯、聚乙烯或聚丙烯和聚乙烯的共混物。还可以包括另外的组分，例如各种添加剂。
最内层可含有丙酸钙或与丙酸钙偶联。例如，在一些实施方案中，丙酸钙可以嵌入最内层内。颗粒形式的丙酸钙可以保持原始形式，而液体形式的丙酸钙(丙酸)可以在包含在最内层内之后干燥。无论形式如何，丙酸钙可以在制造期间与构成最内层的材料整体混合，即在材料被挤出并施加到其他袋材料层之前。在具体实例中，可以在袋材料的膜挤出涂覆之前将丙酸钙并入聚合物树脂的混合物中。将丙酸钙与用于形成膜挤出物的聚合物树脂组合可以确保两种组分的均匀混合，使得袋材料的所有部分表现出一致的霉菌抑制。
另外或可替代地，丙酸钙可以在其挤出之后作为涂层沉积在最内层的内表面上。根据这样的实例，可以使用液体形式的丙酸钙，例如丙酸，其可以通过喷涂或辊涂施加到挤出物的最内层。丙酸钙涂层可以提供额外的密封剂，以防止各种液体(例如油)从袋内容物渗透到袋材料的剩余层中，其中这些物质可能对袋造成结构损坏。可以使用粘合剂、载体和/或结合剂来确保丙酸钙涂层与最内层的延长附接。在将液体丙酸钙施加到袋材料的最内层之前，可以将粘合剂与液体丙酸钙整体混合，或者可以将粘合剂施加在最内层和丙酸钙涂层之间。
沉积在最内层上或嵌入最内层内的丙酸钙的量可以随着丙酸钙源的浓度而变化。在各种实施方案中，基于最内层的重量，最内层内的丙酸钙浓度可以在约0.1至约5wt％、约0.2至约3wt％、约0.3至约2wt％、约0.4至约1wt％、约0.5至约0.9wt％、约0.6至约0.8wt％或约0.7wt％的范围。
相对于容纳在其中的内容物，袋的最外层可以包括聚丙烯挤出物，其可以是双轴取向的。为了便于在其上印刷各种产品标签，例如产品名称、营养信息和/或图形，袋的最外层的特定实施方案可包括柔性版反转印刷的双轴取向聚丙烯“(BOPP”)膜挤出物。如本文所用，术语“双轴取向(biaxially-oriented)”可以指袋材料，例如聚丙烯，其在升高的温度下在两个方向上被伸长或拉伸取向，然后通过冷却材料同时基本上保持伸长尺寸而“设定”为伸长构型。以这种方式拉伸材料可以提供对于印刷来说理想的相对薄的平坦表面。在一些实例中，袋的最外层还包括丙酸钙，其可以在挤出之前与挤出材料混合，或者在挤出之后施加到挤出物。
袋的最外层可邻近织物层定位，所述织物层定位在最外层与最内层之间，在各种实施例中，所述织物层可包括织造或非织造聚丙烯。除了聚丙烯之外或代替聚丙烯，织物可以包括一种或多种材料。例如，织物可以包括高密度或超高密度聚乙烯。最外层和织物一起可以抵抗通常施加在本文公开的袋上的研磨力和穿刺力，例如在运输和处理期间。织造织物层可以比非织造织物层更坚固且更耐用。编织织物可以包括以90°垂直角度交织的至少两根线，“经线”和“纬线”。每个编织包括的经线和纬线的数量可以变化并且可以相等，从而产生正方形图案，使得编织织物包括例如每个编织(per weave)4.9根线、每个编织5根线、每个编织7.5根线或每个编织10根线。
在一些示例中，除了袋的一个或多个其他层之外或代替袋的一个或多个其他层，织物层可以包括丙酸钙。根据这样的实施方案，丙酸钙可以作为内部和/或外部涂层存在，或者作为织物线的整体组分存在。存在于织物层上或织物层内的丙酸钙可以减少通过织物的源自水分的细菌量。
在一些示例中，最外层可以直接层压到织物层。这样的示例可以包括夹在最外层和织物层之间的附加层。该附加层(其可被称为“粘结层(tie layer)”)可包括粘合剂层压挤出物，其被配置成防止最外层与织物分层。粘结层可包括一个或多个组分，所述一个或多个组分也包括最外层和/或织物层。在一些示例中，可以在织物层和最内层之间包括附加的粘结层，从而提供附加的粘附。粘结层的总数可随着膜层的增加而增加。一个或多个粘结层还可以包括一定量的丙酸钙以增强袋的霉菌抑制性能。
示例还可以包括结合到袋材料的至少一个层中的一种或多种增滑剂。增滑剂可以减少层间摩擦，这可以在制造期间和之后增强袋材料的完整性。增滑剂可包括各种含氟弹性体、硅酸盐和/或酰胺。
袋材料的具体实施例可包括两层、三层、四层、五层、六层或更多层。如上所述，袋材料可包括各种共挤出聚合物，包括最外层和最内层(相对于袋内容物)以及夹在它们之间的至少一个层。
图2是袋材料200的一个示例的横截面侧视图。如图所示，该特定实施例包括四层。最外层202可包含双轴取向的聚丙烯。向内移动，第二层204可以包括夹在最外层202和织物层206之间的粘合层压挤出物。第二层204可被配置成将最外层202联接到织物层206，从而防止两个部件的分层。织物层206可以包括编织织物，其可以赋予袋材料其整体强度的大部分。第四最内层208可包括又一挤出物或膜，其可包括聚丙烯和聚乙烯的共混物。如进一步所示，最内层208还可以包含颗粒状丙酸钙210，为了说明的目的，其尺寸被放大。当包括在最内层208内时，丙酸钙可以是颗粒状的，如图2中为了说明所示。丙酸钙也可以或可替代地作为熔融树脂或液体溶液包含在构成最内层208的材料内，使得丙酸钙在视觉上与这样的材料(一种或多种)不可区分和/或不可分离。无论其物理形式如何，丙酸钙也可以并入一个或多个另外的层内，例如层202、204和/或206。另外或可替代地，最内层208可以为丙酸钙提供骨架或基材，使得丙酸钙可以包括单独的内涂层212。嵌入的丙酸钙210可以与丙酸钙内涂层212一起被包括进来，以使霉菌抑制最大化。或者，包埋的或涂覆的丙酸钙可足以有效地抑制霉菌生长。图2中所示的多层布置可以被独特地配置成防止油、脂肪和其他液体物质渗透到编织织物层206中，其中这些物质可以渗透和膨胀，从而损害织物层和袋材料作为整体的完整性。例如，最外层202、第二层204、最内层208或内涂层212中的一个或多个可以抵抗油、脂肪和其他液体物质的破坏，从而防止它们与织物层接触。
一个或多个穿孔214也可以包括在袋材料内。因此，本文公开的袋材料可以是连续的，或者可替代地，可以具有结构修改，例如穿孔、通孔和/或狭缝。可选的穿孔可以改善袋的透气性，例如通过为冷却密封在袋内的饲料产品时产生的冷凝提供通风路径。以这种方式，穿孔可以释放可能被捕获在袋内的水分，同时还加速冷却和干燥过程。在各种实施例中，穿孔可以仅由袋材料的最内层限定。在一些实施例中，穿孔可以延伸穿过每个层。在另外的实施例中，穿孔可以延伸穿过除了织物层之外的每个层。根据这样的实施例，用于对袋进行穿孔的针或类似装置可以刺穿每个袋层，但是在织物层的线之间滑动，从而改善袋的透气性而不损害织物的完整性。
在一些实例中，由于在袋材料中包含丙酸钙，穿孔的数量和/或尺寸可以减小。根据这样的实例，经由丙酸钙实现的霉菌抑制可以有利地消除降低饲料产品的水分含量的需要。除了简化袋制造过程之外，相对于缺乏丙酸钙的现有技术的袋，这样的实施例可以允许具有更高水分含量的饲料产品被包括在袋中，和/或可以允许饲料产品在袋内储存更长的时间段。相对于缺乏丙酸钙的现有技术的袋，包括在这种袋内的穿孔的数量可以减少至少5％、10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％、95％或更多。
丙酸钙的有效性也可以通过包括穿孔以减少袋内的水分来增强。根据这样的实施方案，丙酸钙的抑制效果可以主要通过与袋内的饲料产品直接接触来实现。通过经由水分减少和直接霉菌抑制的组合来抑制霉菌生长，这样的实施方案还可以允许装载可能不适合包含在缺乏丙酸钙的现有技术的袋内的高水分饲料产品。相对于缺乏丙酸钙的现有技术的袋，此类实施方案还可允许饲料产品(例如，低水分、中等水分和/或高水分饲料产品)在更长的时间段内和/或在更温暖、更潮湿的条件下容纳在袋内。
在替代实施例中，包括穿孔可能降低丙酸钙的有效性。根据这样的实施方案，丙酸钙可以通过在袋内产生不利于霉菌生长的气氛环境来发挥霉菌抑制作用。通过允许空气逸出，在这样的实施例中包括穿孔因此可以破坏或稀释袋内的防霉环境。丙酸钙的作用模式可取决于各种因素，包括将其应用于袋材料的方式和/或其在袋材料内的浓度。例如，丙酸钙的内涂层可以通过与饲料产品直接接触来发挥霉菌抑制性质，而嵌入一个或多个层内的丙酸钙可以通过产生防霉气氛环境来发挥霉菌抑制性质。中等至高浓度的丙酸钙可以通过直接接触和/或通过产生防霉气氛环境来发挥霉菌抑制性质。因此，相对于没有霉菌抑制剂的袋，本文公开的袋可以不包括穿孔、数量和/或尺寸减少的穿孔、或相同数量的穿孔。在至少一个或所有实施方案中，包含丙酸钙可以显著改善所公开的袋的霉菌抑制性质，使得更多种饲料产品能够在更长的时间段内和/或在更宽范围的环境条件下包装在袋内。
图3是袋材料300的另一个实例的横截面侧视图，这次其包括三个不同的层。图3中所示的层可以一起构成多层压膜。在一些实施方案中，最外层302可包含双轴取向的聚丙烯，并且第二层可包含非织造织物层304。最内层306可以提供包括一种或多种聚合物(诸如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯等)的密封剂层。如图所示，丙酸钙308可以结合到最内层306中或作为涂层310沉积在最内层306的内表面上。
袋可被配置成容纳各种量的填充物。例如，袋可被配置成容纳重量为约5至约75磅、约10至约65磅、约15至约55磅、约20至约45磅或约25至约35磅的饲料产品。袋内容物的总重量可决定所需的袋强度。袋的总强度可以在约80gsm至约150gsm(克/平方米)、约90gsm至约140gsm或约100gsm至约130gsm的范围内变化。强度可以基于包括单个袋材料片的层数和每层的内容物而变化。在具体实例中，织造织物层本身的强度可以为约50gsm至约80gsm、约55gsm至约75gsm或约60gsm至约70gsm的范围。
制造方法
本公开的袋材料可以通过将含有丙酸钙的膜直接挤出到基材上来制造。另外或可选地，袋材料可以通过将液体丙酸钙的涂层沉积到基材上来制造，其可以与载体和/或粘合剂一起施加或可以不与载体和/或粘合剂一起施加。另外或可替代地，袋材料可以通过在基材内或基材上并入丙酸钙来制造。基材可以包括一层或多层聚合物、织物、层压材料和/或各种添加剂(例如，图2的层202-206)，其可以一起构成成品袋材料，尽管缺乏霉菌抑制性质。因此，制造方法可以包括通过向预成型的袋材料添加丙酸钙挤出物或涂层将其转化为防霉袋材料，或制造在其一个或多个层内或上包含丙酸钙的袋材料。如上所述，相对于进料组分，丙酸钙层可以添加到基材的内部。基材可以与丙酸钙挤出物和/或涂层的形成同时或之前形成。
袋材料或至少其基材可以通过浇铸挤出或吹塑挤出工艺制造，其可以涉及将熔融聚合物树脂挤出成连续管。可以经由辊压设备施加一个或多个层，诸如粘合层压挤出物(例如，层204)或含有丙酸钙的最内层(例如，208)。在一些实例中，除了辊压设备之外，还可以使用多个挤出机，从而允许单独挤出不同的袋材料层。实施方案还可以涉及使用相同的挤出机设备并再次结合辊压设备来共挤出(coextrusion)多个层。这样的方法通常可以包括将树脂和任何添加剂(例如丙酸钙或增滑剂)引入挤出机，在挤出机中通过加热使得树脂熔融塑化，然后转移到挤出(或共挤出)模头(die)以形成管。实施方案可以包括将含有丙酸钙的聚合物树脂直接挤出到多层基材上。挤出机和模头温度可取决于用于形成袋材料的特定组分。
组分可以由配混方法(compounding process)制备，该配混方法涉及熔融一种或多种聚合物且并入一种或多种另外的组分，包括如丙酸钙这样的添加剂。配混时丙酸钙的形式可以变化。例如，丙酸钙可以以颗粒或液体形式提供。添加到树脂中的丙酸钙的浓度也可以变化。例如，向PP/PE树脂共混物中加入2wt％丙酸钙可以产生包含约0.7wt％丙酸钙的挤出膜层。在实施方案中，用于形成膜挤出物的树脂内丙酸钙的浓度可以为约0.1至约5wt％、约0.2至约4wt％、约0.3至约3.5wt％、约0.4至约3wt％、约0.5至约2.5wt％、约0.6至约2wt％、约0.7至约1.5wt％、约0.8至约1wt％、约1.5至约2.5wt％、约1.8wt％至约2.2wt％或约1.9至约2.1wt％。
图4示出了根据某些实施方式的用于制造并入有防霉剂(例如丙酸钙)的膜挤出物的示例性方法400的流程图。如图所示，可以将一种或多种聚合物树脂(其可以是丸状形式)进料到挤出机410的料斗中。例如，可以将与颗粒状丙酸钙、丙酸和/或丙酸钙水溶液同时配混或添加的树脂丸粒以选定的速率进料到料斗中，以确保对于最终产品存在正确的组分比例。丸粒经历混合以产生均匀的混合物。然后可以将均匀混合物加热成熔融树脂(420)。然后可以使混合物通过挤出机，其中由挤出机产生的摩擦和热量导致丸粒熔融并且熔融内容物被迫通过模头以形成管(430)。例如，可以使管膨胀(440)，以增加其直径。在充气步骤期间，可以通过例如顶部轧辊将管拉离模具。有时被称为“气泡”的管可以被切开(450)，然后打开。然后可以通过折叠框架使经吹制的袋材料的打开管变平(460)。可以将膜拉过压料辊、在惰辊上和/或提供给卷绕机，以产生丙酸钙挤出物的成品卷，然后可以将其施加到基材的内表面。丙酸钙挤出物和基材一起可以构成被配置为抑制霉菌生长的多层袋材料。
实例还可涉及将丙酸钙和/或丙酸的溶液或树脂喷涂和/或辊涂到袋材料的内层上。所得内涂层可以代替或补充被整合在袋材料的一个或多个层内的丙酸钙。附加的或替代的示例可以涉及在用于形成袋材料的一个或多个织物层(例如，图2中所示的织物层206)的线内来系带(lacing)或涂覆丙酸钙或丙酸。
使用方法
本公开的袋可以用各种内容物填充和密封，然后可以长时间运输和储存。为了便于说明，根据本文所述的实施例公开了动物饲料。动物饲料可以包括为家畜、马、鹿或家养宠物等配制的饲料。动物饲料的形式也可以变化，包括丸粒、立方体、块状物等，并且可以是挤出的动物饲料产品。
动物饲料可以在饲料制造后立即添加到袋中，或者在短时间冷却后添加到袋中。因此，饲料在放置在每个袋内时可以是温暖的或甚至热的。例如，在一些实施方案中，进料可在其制造后立即处于约120至约200℉、约130至约190℉、约140至约180℉或约150至约170℉的温度下。在具体实例中，进料在这些温度下离开研磨机或挤出机并沉积到袋中。饲料可以任选地在其添加到每个袋之前冷却。取决于所使用的冷却方法，例如主动冷却或简单的空气干燥，进料温度可降低至低于包装设施的环境温度约10至约15°F。因此，在约100°F的环境条件下制造的进料可以在包装之前冷却至约85至约90°F的温度。在一些情况下，冷却时段可以是约1-5分钟，并且当动物饲料可以自然冷却时，其相对于环境条件继续处于升高的温度。
动物饲料在放入袋中时还可含有大量水分含量，其可随着饲料冷却而释放。在一些实例中，进料在填充时可含有约5至约20wt％、约7至约18wt％、约9至约16wt％或约11至约13wt％的水分含量。当饲料产品冷却时，填充时的水分含量可随时间下降，例如下降约1wt％至约10wt％，或其间的任何水平。因此，在袋内可能形成冷凝，从而增加霉菌生长和腐败的可能性。然而，由于在构成袋的材料的最内层内或附近包含丙酸钙，所公开的袋可以防止或至少减少这种霉菌生长。除了避免在动物饲料本身内或其上包括霉菌抑制剂的需要之外，袋因此可以通过消除在饲料沉积在袋内之前在延长的时间段内冷却或干燥饲料的需要来提高动物饲料的制造速度。所公开的袋还可以比缺乏丙酸钙的袋更有效地抑制霉菌生长，即使在饲料产品内或饲料产品上包含霉菌抑制剂也是如此。因此，动物饲料可以不含霉菌抑制剂，例如丙酸钙或丙酸，或者这些组分可以以不足以用作霉菌抑制剂的量或形式存在于动物饲料中。例如，当饲料组分(如营养物、维生素或矿物质)存在于动物饲料中(其中该组分也可以被认为是霉菌抑制剂)时，这种饲料组分以不用作霉菌抑制剂或将对霉菌抑制无效的形式存在(例如，以作为霉菌抑制剂无效的量存在)。
本文所述的袋对于防止较大饲料产品上的霉菌生长可以是特别有利的，所述较大饲料产品例如直径高达约1.3125英寸的范围立方体，其可以容纳更多水分并且需要更长的时间来冷却，以及对于在升高的温度(例如，>80°F)和/或水分含量(例如，>80％)下储存的饲料产品。这样的条件可能加速或以其他方式增加霉菌生长的可能性。保持在本文公开的袋内的饲料产品的尺寸可以变化。例如，单个饲料丸粒或立方体的直径可以为约0.1至约3英寸、约0.25至约2.5英寸、约0.5至约2英寸、约0.75至约1.75英寸、约1至约1.5英寸、约1.25至约1.4英寸、或约1.5英寸、约1.4英寸、约1.3英寸、约1.2英寸、约1.1英寸、约1英寸、或小于1英寸、或大于3英寸的范围。
实施例
产品试验1
进行该产品试验以评估本文所述的袋材料的霉菌抑制性质。形成包含本公开的袋材料的小袋。第一组测试小袋包括具有聚丙烯/聚乙烯最内层和包埋丙酸钙的袋材料。第二组测试小袋包括其中丙酸钙涂层沉积在最内层的内表面上的袋材料，所述最内层再次由聚丙烯/聚乙烯挤出物组成。袋的对照组包括与测试组相同的袋材料，但没有丙酸钙包埋在最内层内或施加到最内层的表面。
将包含方块牛饲料的动物饲料产品研磨成减小的尺寸并放置在每个小袋内。在填充时，饲料含有约90至约95wt％的干物质。然后将填充的小袋密封并置于具有有利于加速霉菌生长的条件的室中。这些条件包括升高的温度(32℃(89.6°F))和水分(>80％)。
在室中三周后，所有对照袋都具有可见的霉菌生长，而丙酸钙测试袋都不包括可见的霉菌生长。因此，测试袋有效地抑制霉菌生长。在试验期间保持在室内的环境条件可以反映各种动物饲料制造和包装工厂的典型环境条件。
如本文所用，用于描述本公开的实施方案的修饰例如组合物中组分的量、浓度及其范围的术语“约”是指例如通过用于制备化合物、组合物、浓缩物或使用制剂的典型测量和处理程序；通过这些程序中的无意错误；通过用于实施所述方法的起始材料或组分的制造、来源或纯度的差异，以及类似的近似考虑。术语“约”还包括由于具有特定初始浓度或混合物的制剂的老化而不同的量，以及由于混合或加工具有特定初始浓度或混合物的制剂而不同的量。在由术语“约”修饰的情况下，所附权利要求包括这些量的等同物。
类似地，应当理解，在示例性实施例的前述描述中，出于简化本公开并帮助理解各个方面中的一个或多个的目的，有时将各种特征一起分组在单个实施例中。然而，这些公开的方法不应被解释为反映权利要求要求比每个权利要求中明确记载的特征更多的特征的意图。相反，如以下权利要求所反映的，发明方面在于少于单个前述公开的实施例的所有特征，并且本文描述的每个实施例可以包含多于一个发明特征。
尽管本公开提供了对优选实施例的参考，但是本领域技术人员将认识到，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以在形式和细节上进行改变。

Claims (20)

1.一种制造用于饲料产品的袋的方法，所述方法包括：
提供多层基材，所述基材包含一种或多种聚合物；
将聚合物膜挤出到所述基材的表面上，以形成细长片材，其中所述聚合物膜包含防霉剂；
将所述细长片材切成较小的单独片材；以及
将成对的单独的片材沿着其周边接合在一起，以形成被配置成接收所述饲料产品的袋，其中所述聚合物膜衬在所述袋的内表面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述多层基材包括：
膜挤出物；以及
织物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，还包括在所述膜挤出物和所述织物之间的层压挤出物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括在将所述聚合物膜挤出到所述基材的表面上之前，将所述防霉剂与包含所述聚合物膜的材料整体混合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述防霉剂包括颗粒状或液体丙酸钙。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括将所述防霉剂沉积到所述聚合物膜的表面上，以形成涂层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述防霉剂包括丙酸。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述聚合物膜包含约0.1wt％至约5wt％的所述防霉剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述饲料产品不包含所述霉菌抑制剂或另一种霉菌抑制剂。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述饲料产品包括用于家畜、马、鹿或家养宠物的丸粒或挤出块。
11.一种抑制饲料产品的袋内的霉菌生长的方法，所述方法包括：
将所述饲料产品添加到所述袋中，其中所述饲料产品在升高的温度和升高的水分含量下添加；
在所述升高的温度和所述升高的水分含量下密封容纳所述饲料产品的所述袋；以及
允许所述饲料产品冷却并释放所述袋内的水分，
其中所述袋包括包嵌入其内层中或施加到其内层的防霉剂，
其中在将所述饲料产品添加到所述袋后至少约三周，在所述袋内未观察到霉菌生长。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述防霉剂包括丙酸钙。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述升高的温度为约80°F至约150°F的范围。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述升高的水分含量为约11wt％至约13wt％的范围。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述饲料产品包括丸粒或挤出块。
16.一种用于饲料产品的袋，所述袋包括：
袋材料，所述袋材料形成为两个或更多个片材，所述两个或更多个片材接合在一起以形成被配置为接收所述饲料产品的空腔，每个片材包括：
多层基材；以及
包含丙酸钙的聚合物膜，所述聚合物膜衬在所述空腔的内表面上。
17.根据权利要求16所述的袋，其中所述丙酸钙嵌入所述聚合物膜中。
18.根据权利要求16所述的袋，其中所述丙酸钙包含粘附到所述聚合物膜的表面的涂层。
19.根据权利要求16所述的袋，其中所述多层基材包括：
膜挤出物，所述膜挤出物包含双轴取向的聚丙烯，其中所述膜挤出物用作所述袋材料相对于所述空腔的最外层；以及
包括编织聚丙烯的织物。
20.根据权利要求16所述的袋，其中所述聚合物膜包含约0.1wt％至约5wt％的所述丙酸钙。
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