CN107279870A - 一种营养健康藕粉的加工方法 - Google Patents
一种营养健康藕粉的加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107279870A CN107279870A CN201710522449.8A CN201710522449A CN107279870A CN 107279870 A CN107279870 A CN 107279870A CN 201710522449 A CN201710522449 A CN 201710522449A CN 107279870 A CN107279870 A CN 107279870A
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- lotus root
- lotus
- slurry
- starch
- root starch
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种营养健康藕粉的加工方法,包括:(1)原料挑选;(2)清洗去皮;(3)切片;(4)护色浸泡;(5)原料磨浆;(6)将荷叶碱添加至藕浆中;(7)将藕浆进行高压脉冲电场处理;(8)将藕浆进行超声处理;(9)在藕浆中添加复配菌剂,所述复配菌剂是植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌粉剂的混合物,将其充分混合均匀,保持藕浆温度为20‑40℃,培养6‑24h;(10)将经步骤(9)处理后的藕浆输入无机陶瓷膜微滤系统,进行微滤,得到目标产品发酵液;(11)将目标产品发酵液进行喷雾干燥,得到藕粉;(12)称重袋装;(13)微波杀菌;(14)封口、金检。本发明得到的藕粉具有重金属含量少、营养价值高的优点。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种高营养健康藕粉的加工方法,属于食品加工领域。
(二)背景技术
莲藕微甜而脆,生熟兼食,是我国重要的多年生水生蔬菜,同时也是一种观赏性和食用性兼备的植物。藕粉是选用优质莲藕经清洗、粉碎、提取分离、脱水、干燥等加工工艺过程精制而成的莲藕淀粉。藕粉易被人体消化吸收,有良好的滋补保健作用。
近年来农作物因富集作用在生产加工,或贮藏运输过程中受到重金属的污染,导致食品中有毒重金属含量超标,严重威胁人体健康。其中,莲藕对镉离子有较强的富集作用,且由于镉带有较高的正电性,易与细胞壁上负电荷基团结合和形成磷酸盐、碳酸盐等沉淀。镉离子主要集中于藕的根部,也即食用部分。
莲藕中多酚含量较高,可以延长人体内抗氧化剂作用时间,并可以促进血管舒张,降低炎症反应和降低血凝块形成,从而起到预防心血管病的作用。中国专利申请号为201610137070.0的发明公布了一种莲藕粉及其制备方法。其技术方案要点是制备一种莲藕粉,包括以下组分:藕粉、蛋白粉、菊粉、酵母粉剂、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸。本法和其有明显区别,本法对藕粉脱除重金属,避免重金属超标可能带来的食品安全问题,同时添加荷叶碱,与多酚类物质起协同作用,有效提高产品营养价值,保持良好的口感与独特的风味。
中国专利申请号为201510376722.1的发明公布了一种速食藕粉及制备方法。其产品主要包括以下成分:干藕淀粉、白砂糖、环己基氨基磺酸钠、水不溶性葡聚糖、复合磷酸盐、有机酸、山梨酸钾。该专利采用多种食品添加剂,莲藕的营养价值以及消费者身体健康会受到一定影响。本法和其有明显区别,本法加工所得藕粉产品未大量添加食品添加剂,且采用公认安全的食品级微生物乳酸菌进行脱除重金属处理,不仅保持莲藕原有营养价值,脱重金属操作更提升了其综合价值。此外,本法添加同源生物活性碱,有效保护藕中的多酚类物质。本法工艺流程完整,综合考虑到莲藕护色、乳酸菌脱镉、无机陶瓷膜微滤及膜清洗等关键工艺,且添加生物活性碱提高营养价值,适合高效率大规模生产,且可达到商业无菌之良好效果。所得产品是营养高、无公害、色香味俱全、适宜消费者需求的高营养健康藕粉产品。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种高营养健康藕粉的加工方法。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种藕粉的加工方法,包括:
(1)原料挑选:对莲藕原料进行挑选,挑选出无虫害、损伤、病变、异味且色泽正常的原料;
(2)清洗去皮:将相邻藕节间2~3cm去除后,将莲藕原料通过去皮清洗机处理;
(3)切片:将去皮后的莲藕原料迅速送入切片机,避免与空气接触使其氧化变色,根据需求调整切片机设置进行切片;
(4)护色浸泡:将莲藕片置于浸泡池浸泡3-5小时,浸泡液组分配比为:水1L,柠檬酸1-4g,钾明矾2-8g,控制pH值在3.8以下,浸泡液以浸没莲藕为宜;
(5)原料磨浆:将护色浸泡处理后的藕片投入磨浆机内加水搅拌破碎,所得藕浆过60-120目筛,得到藕浆;
(6)添加荷叶碱:将荷叶碱添加至藕浆中,添加质量配比为荷叶碱:藕浆=10-40:100;荷叶碱可有效保护莲藕中的多酚成分,且可发挥降脂保健之功效;
(7)高压脉冲电场处理:将步骤(6)所得藕浆进行高压脉冲电场处理,电场强度为20~40kV/cm,脉冲宽度为2~4μs,脉冲频率为200~400Hz,藕浆流速为1~2mL/s,处理时间为200~400个脉冲数,处理温度为25~35℃;
(8)超声处理:将高压脉冲电场处理后的藕浆在超声频率20~40kHz、温度25~35℃下,进行超声处理10~20min,经处理后,重金属镉以离子形式存在于藕浆中;
(9)添加复配菌剂:在超声处理后的藕浆中添加复配菌剂,所述复配菌剂是植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌粉剂的混合物,其中植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌粉剂的质量比为1:15~1:20,复配菌剂总添加量为藕浆重量的1-5%,将其充分混合均匀,保持藕浆温度为20-40℃,培养6-24h,植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌可有效吸附藕浆中的重金属镉离子;
(10)无机陶瓷膜微滤:将经步骤(9)处理后的藕浆输入无机陶瓷膜微滤系统,进行微滤,得到目标产品发酵液;
(11)喷雾干燥:将步骤(10)得到的目标产品发酵液进行喷雾干燥,得到藕粉;
(12)称重袋装:称取所得藕粉添加至包装袋中,包装袋打印赏味期限;
(13)微波杀菌:将装好的样品袋口折叠,单层摆放于微波炉中杀菌;
(14)封口、金检。
本发明步骤(3)中,可根据需求调整切片机设置进行切片,一般,薄片厚度2-3mm,直径3-4.5cm;中片厚度7-8mm,直径5-6cm;斜切片厚0.9-1.2cm,宽6.0cm以上,长度12-14cm,克重60g±5g。
本发明步骤(10)中,优选微滤操作的参数设置为:操作压力为0.15MPa,操作温度为25℃,膜管孔径选用0.45μm,其渗透通量为0.7tm-2h-1,截流率为95%,过滤液为目标产品发酵液。此参数组合可最大限度的将菌体与藕浆分离,又能保证较高的渗透通量,减少了菌体在设备内循环的时间,进而提高了设备运行效率。
本发明在步骤(10)中将添加乳酸菌的藕浆通过无机陶瓷膜微滤系统微滤后,需对无机陶瓷膜微滤系统进行清洗,具体清洗方法为:原料罐中加入35L左右的45~50℃的软化水,冲洗膜装置2~3次,每次约10min,确认系统中残料已冲洗干净为止。随后采用膜连续两步化学清洗,以除去不被水溶解,但可被酸液或碱液溶解的物质。先用第一种清洗剂在0.15Mpa操作压力下,25℃恒温清洗一段时间,加入软化水冲洗至中性,再用第二种清洗剂重复上面过程。具体清洗配比为:第一次:1%NaClO(15min)+1.5%SDS(15min),第二次:2%NaOH(10min)+1%HNO3(20min)。
本发明步骤(11)中,优选喷雾干燥按照如下实施:将步骤(10)得到的发酵液配制成初始含水率在20-40%的悬浮液;用控制系统调节进风温度至190℃,出风温度至80℃,且温度保持恒定;调节压缩空气压力至0.25MPa;调节蠕动频率使进样速率为7.2mL/s,设置离心喷头转速25000r/min,开始进料,进行喷雾干燥,得到藕粉。
本发明步骤(13)中,微波杀菌的具体参数优选为:微波频率2200MHz~2600MHz,优选2450MHz;输出功率600W~1000W,优选800W;灭菌时间10s~100s,优选50s。
本发明步骤(14)中,所述的封口、金检优选按照如下操作:打开折叠袋口,调整合适的封口时间和热合时间过金检机,Fe1.5mm,Sus2.5mm不得通过。
本发明制得的藕粉产品可置于4℃低温环境中保藏,此温度下,包装袋中微生物总数维持在相对稳定的水平。运输环节也应采用冷链运输。
本发明优选所述藕粉的加工方法由步骤(1)~(14)组成。
本发明的有效效果主要体现在:
1.本发明首先采用高压脉冲电场处理与超声处理使莲藕中的镉以离子形式存在于溶液中,随后添加植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌组成的复配菌剂以结合镉离子,最后采用无机陶瓷膜微滤除去结合了镉离子的复配菌剂,得到重金属含量少的藕粉。
首先,高压脉冲电场处理通过电的穿孔崩解作用,使蛋白质分子链打开,从而破坏镉离子与蛋白质的结合键,促进镉离子溶解;超声波作用可直接作用于淀粉颗粒内部,改变颗粒结构,破坏蛋白质的二硫键,促进镉离子溶解到去离子水中。
其次,乳酸菌具有清除食品中重金属的作用。乳酸菌可依靠细胞表面吸附作用将未经代谢的游离重金属离子通过正负电荷结合到细胞壁表面。乳酸菌细胞表面的蛋白质拥有大量带负电荷的官能团,能够有效结合金属阳离子。乳酸菌代谢产生的乳酸所形成的酸性环境对重金属络合物具有增溶作用,乳酸菌代谢形成的多糖、多肽和核酸等大分子物质表面带有COO-、HPO4 -和OH-等基团,可与金属离子发生静电吸附作用。另外,在菌种选择方面,以乳酸菌的镉吸附、镉耐受、抗氧化为评价指标对菌株进行筛选,发现保加利亚乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌复配所得发酵液相比于两者单独使用具有更好的脱镉效果。
最后,陶瓷微滤膜偶联生化反应器可以充分发挥陶瓷膜膜通量稳定的优点,同时可以弥补离心分离对菌体损伤较大、易使其分布在上清液中、不利于进一步分离的不足,能够减小对菌体损伤,提高分离率,耗时短,节省能源。
综上,本发明首先采用高压脉冲电场处理与超声处理使莲藕中的镉以离子形式存在于溶液中,可使复配菌剂很好的发挥作用;通过乳酸菌吸附产品中重金属,最后用无机陶瓷膜微滤除去结合了镉离子的复配菌剂。整体思路完善,不仅考虑到脱除重金属的需求,同时前期处理和后期过滤可保证脱除重金属的作用得到最大发挥。
2.本发明添加荷叶碱成分,增加产品营养成分的同时,与莲藕中含有的多酚类物质协同发挥作用,具有很好的抗氧化作用,且将藕淀粉转化为慢消化淀粉,营养价值高。
研究表明,莲藕中含有丰富的多酚。荷叶碱是荷叶中的一种阿朴啡型生物碱,为荷叶中的主要降脂活性成分,有降血脂、抗自由基、抑制高胆固醇血症和动脉硬化等药疗、食疗功效。与其他生物活性碱相比,荷叶碱与藕粉原料来源相同,相溶性良好。实验表明,多酚、荷叶碱的混合物对DPPH自由基、ABTS+的清除能力强于单独多酚或荷叶碱的清除能力。多酚、荷叶碱两者混合物保护BSA蛋白氧化的作用呈明显协同增效作用。
此外,有研究表明多酚等对淀粉的消化吸收速度有明显的影响。多酚通过氢键相互作用与高直链淀粉形成复合物,导致淀粉结晶结构发生改变,淀粉颗粒变大;与多酚复合的高直链淀粉具备慢消化特性,只能引起温和的血糖反应。多酚与淀粉的复合作用对多糖或多酚的影响是相互的。一方面通过与多糖复合,多酚的稳定性得到了提升,同时其生物利用率、抗氧化性等均与其游离时有明显差异;另一方面与多酚的复合使多糖的流变学、消化特性等发生明显改变。
本发明添加浓度为20%的荷叶碱,首先可发挥荷叶碱自身功效,其次荷叶碱可与多酚类物质形成协同增效作用,且清除保护作用均高于二者单独作用。荷叶与藕粉原料源自同一植物,更易与藕粉有效融合。多酚类物质通过与荷叶碱的协同作用得到良好保护,进而更好降低或抑制淀粉的消化吸收速度,使其转化为慢消化淀粉或抗性淀粉。
综上,本发明首先对莲藕处理使镉以离子形式存在于溶液中,添加植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌组成的复配粉剂以结合镉离子,采用无机陶瓷膜微滤除去乳酸菌,得到脱镉藕粉。其次添加适宜浓度荷叶碱,与含量丰富的多酚类物质发挥协同作用,抑制淀粉消化速度,降低产品血糖指数。本发明中的藕粉产品营养价值丰富,品质细腻,口感良好,是一款高营养健康藕粉。
(四)附图说明
图1是藕粉的传统加工工艺流程图;
图2是本发明藕粉的加工工艺流程图。
(五)具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围不限于此:
实施例1
(1)原料挑选:对莲藕原料进行挑选,挑选出无虫害、损伤、病变、异味,且色泽正常的原料。
(2)清洗去皮:由作业员用菜刀去除莲藕结,要求将相邻藕节中2~3cm处去除。后将莲藕原料通过去皮清洗机,处理量约为600kg/h。
(3)切片:将去皮后莲藕原料迅速送入切片机,避免与空气接触使其氧化变色。根据需求调整切片机设置,薄片厚度2-3mm,直径3-4.5cm;中片厚度7-8mm,直径5-6cm;斜切片厚0.9-1.2cm,宽6.0cm以上,长度12-14cm,克重60g±5g。
(4)护色浸泡:将莲藕片置于浸泡池浸泡4小时。浸泡液配比为:水1L,柠檬酸2‰,钾明矾4‰,pH值为3.8以下。浸泡液以浸没莲藕为宜。
(5)原料磨浆:将护色处理后的藕片投入磨浆机内加水搅拌破碎,所得藕浆过100目筛,筛网中的藕泥加水混匀,重复过筛三次。
(6)添加荷叶碱:将浓度为20%的荷叶碱添加至藕浆中,添加配比为20g荷叶碱,1000g藕浆。荷叶碱可有效保护莲藕中的多酚成分,且可发挥降脂保健之功效。
(7)高压脉冲电场处理:将所得藕浆进行高压脉冲电场处理,电场强度为30kV/cm,脉冲宽度为3μs,脉冲频率为250Hz,悬浊液流速为1mL/s,处理时间为350个脉冲数,处理温度为25℃。
(8)超声处理:将高压脉冲电场处理后的藕浆悬浊液在超声频率20~40kHz,25~35℃下,进行超声处理10~20min。经处理后,重金属镉以离子形式存在于藕浆中。
(9)添加乳酸菌:在藕浆中添加植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌复配粉剂,质量比为1:15,菌株粉剂总添加量为藕浆重量的3%(v/v)。保持藕浆温度为37℃,培养12h。将其充分混合均匀。乳酸菌可有效吸附藕浆中的重金属镉离子。
(10)无机陶瓷膜微滤:将添加乳酸菌的藕浆输入无机陶瓷膜微滤系统,进行微滤后。操作压力为0.15MPa,操作温度为25℃,膜管孔径选用0.45μm,其渗透通量为0.7tm-2h-1,截流率为95%,过滤液为目标产品。此参数组合可最大限度的将菌体与藕浆分离,又能保证较高的渗透通量,减少了菌体在设备内循环的时间,进而提高了设备运行效率。
(11)微滤膜清洗:在0.15MPa压力下过滤发酵液。待发酵液的膜通量达到稳定后,采用冷凝管进行恒温25℃操作。原料罐中加入35L左右的45~50℃的软化水,冲洗膜装置2~3次,每次约10min,确认系统中残料已冲洗干净为止。采用膜连续两步化学清洗。先用第一种清洗剂在0.15Mpa操作压力下,25℃恒温清洗一段时间,加入软化水冲洗至中性,再用第二种清洗剂重复上面过程。具体清洗配比为:第一次:1%NaClO(15min)+1.5%SDS(15min),第二次:2%NaOH(10min)+1%HNO3(20min)。
(12)喷雾干燥:检查喷雾干燥塔系统气密性,配置初始含水率在35%的藕粉悬浮液;开启风机和电加热,用热空气预热整个系统;用控制系统调节进风温度至190℃,出风温度至80℃,且温度保持恒定;调节压缩空气压力至0.25Mpa;打开蠕动泵调节蠕动频率使进样速率为7.2mL/s,设置离心喷头转速25000r/min,开始进料,进行喷雾干燥,得到藕粉。
(13)称重袋装:称取所得藕粉100g,添加至300×220mm包装袋中。包装袋打印赏味期限:180天。
(14)微波杀菌:将装好的样品袋口折叠,单层摆放于微波炉中杀菌。具体参数为:微波频率2450MHz,输出功率800W,灭菌时间50s。为避免二次污染将塑料袋口折叠。杀菌后取出时如有袋口被冲开的应随即折叠,待封口时再打开折叠。
(15)封口、金检:打开折叠袋口,调整合适的封口时间和热合时间,封口线宽度0.5~0.8cm,封口线的上端离袋口的距离<1.5cm。过金检机,Fe1.5mm,Sus2.5mm不得通过。
(16)冷藏:将产品置于4℃低温环境中保藏,此温度下,包装袋中微生物总数维持在相对稳定的水平。运输环节也应采用冷链运输。
实施例2
将实施例1中的步骤(9)中的粉剂添加量改为藕浆重量的1%。其他同实施例1。
实施例3
将实施例1中的步骤(9)中的粉剂添加量改为藕浆重量的5%。其他同实施例1。
实施例4
将实施例1中的步骤(9)中在藕浆中添加植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌复配粉剂,质量比改为1:20。其他同实施例1。
对比例1
将实施例1中的步骤(9)中的植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌复配粉剂改为植物乳杆菌粉剂,粉剂添加量为藕浆重量的3%。其他同实施例1。
对比例2
将实施例1中的步骤(9)中的植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌复配粉剂改为保加利亚乳杆菌粉剂,粉剂添加量为藕浆重量的3%。其他同实施例1。
实施例5:镉移除率的测定
按照国标GB5009.15-2014方法测定镉的含量。其中试样消解采用微波消解法消解。
镉移除率按下式计算:
其中,C1为经本法处理前藕粉中镉含量,单位为mg/kg;
C2为经本法处理后藕粉中镉含量,单位为mg/kg。
分别取实施例1-4、对比例1、对比例2中处理前的莲藕原料和处理后的藕粉产品进行实验,结果见表1.
表1
由实施例1-4、对比例1和对比例2的镉移除率数据对比可知,本发明采用植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌复配菌剂的镉去除效果相比于单独使用植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌要好得多,即植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌复配使用具有协同作用。
实施例6:莲藕多酚和荷叶碱的协同抗氧化作用
1.荷叶碱溶液的制备
荷叶碱(纯度≥90%)购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司。配制10mL浓度为100μg/mL的荷叶碱溶液作1号待测样品液备用。
2.莲藕多酚的提取及莲藕多酚溶液的制备
制备酸性甲醇溶液:将95%的甲醇溶液与1mol/L HCI按4:1的体积比例混合均匀。具体配制200mL混合溶液。在5℃下保存。准确称取10g莲藕样品,置于研钵中研碎,取制备好的酸性甲醇溶液冲洗转移样品至100mL离心管中,在转速4000r/min下离心15min,收集上清液。将沉淀物再次研磨后加入酸性甲醇,重复上述步骤提取2次。将三次收集的上清液合并,用旋转蒸发仪在45℃下浓缩除去水,用甲醇将残余物定容至100mL,即得莲藕多酚提取液,保存于-20℃冰箱冻存。
配制10mL浓度为3μg/mL的莲藕多酚溶液作2号待测样品液备用。
将5mL浓度为100μg/mL的荷叶碱溶液与5mL浓度为3μg/mL的莲藕多酚溶液混合均匀作3号待测样品液备用。
3.DPPH自由基清除能力的测定
分别取1mL1、2、3号待测样品液分别加入1.0mL的100μmol/LDPPH溶液中混合均匀,于室温下避光保存,30min后取出并在517nm处测定吸光度,实验重复3次,以甲醇为空白对照。提取物的DPPH自由基清除能力按下式计算:
DPPH自由基清除率(%)=[1-(Ai-Aj)/A0]×100%。
式中,A0为在517nm处,甲醇(1mL)和100μmol/LDPPH溶液(1.0mL)的混合液的吸光度值;Ai为在517nm处,样品溶液(1mL)和100μmol/LDPPH溶液(1.0mL)的混合液的吸光度值;Aj为在517nm处,样品溶液(1mL)和甲醇(1.0mL)的混合液的吸光度值。根据系列浓度下的抑制率,计算DPPH自山基清除率为50%时的样品浓度,即半数抑制浓度(IC50)值。
4.ABTS+自由基清除能力的测定
将7mmol/L ABTS水溶液与2.45mmol/L过硫酸钾水溶液混合后在室温条件下避光放置15h,形成ABTS+自由基储备液。用无水甲醇将此工作液稀释直至其在734nm下的吸光度为0.700±0.020,即得ABTS+混合液,于30℃下预热备用。
分别取50μL 1、2、3号待测样品液加入lmLABTS+混合液,混合均匀后在室温下避光保存30min,于734nm波长下测其吸光值,空白对照为甲醇。以Trolox为标准品,建立以Trolox浓度(x,μg/mL)为横坐标、吸值(y)为纵坐标的标准曲线,其回归方程为y=-0.0030x+0.6752,R2=0.9992。莲藕不同部位多酚的ABTS自由基清除能力以每100g样品中所含Trolox当量来表示(mgTE/100gFW)。
5.实验结果见表2
表2
DPPH自由基清除率 | ABTS+自由基清除率 | |
莲藕多酚溶液3μg/mL | 63.73% | 52.92% |
荷叶碱溶液100μg/mL | 66.01% | 48.40% |
混合溶液 | 79.58% | 59.45% |
Claims (5)
1.一种藕粉的加工方法,包括:
(1)原料挑选:对莲藕原料进行挑选,挑选出无虫害、损伤、病变、异味且色泽正常的原料;
(2)清洗去皮:将相邻藕节间2~3cm去除后,将莲藕原料通过去皮清洗机处理;
(3)切片:将去皮后的莲藕原料迅速送入切片机,避免与空气接触使其氧化变色,根据需求调整切片机设置进行切片;
(4)护色浸泡:将莲藕片置于浸泡池浸泡3-5小时,浸泡液组分配比为:水1L,柠檬酸1-4g,钾明矾2-8g,控制pH值在3.8以下,浸泡液以浸没莲藕为宜;
(5)原料磨浆:将护色浸泡处理后的藕片投入磨浆机内加水搅拌破碎,所得藕浆过60-120目筛,得到藕浆;
(6)添加荷叶碱:将荷叶碱添加至藕浆中,添加质量配比为荷叶碱:藕浆=10-40:100;荷叶碱可有效保护莲藕中的多酚成分,且可发挥降脂保健之功效;
(7)高压脉冲电场处理:将步骤(6)所得藕浆进行高压脉冲电场处理,电场强度为20~40kV/cm,脉冲宽度为2~4μs,脉冲频率为200~400Hz,藕浆流速为1~2mL/s,处理时间为200~400个脉冲数,处理温度为25~35℃;
(8)超声处理:将高压脉冲电场处理后的藕浆在超声频率20~40kHz、温度25~35℃下,进行超声处理10~20min,经处理后,重金属镉以离子形式存在于藕浆中;
(9)添加复配菌剂:在超声处理后的藕浆中添加复配菌剂,所述复配菌剂是植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌粉剂的混合物,其中植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌粉剂的质量比为1:15~1:20,复配菌剂总添加量为藕浆重量的1-5%,将其充分混合均匀,保持藕浆温度为20-40℃,培养6-24h,植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌可有效吸附藕浆中的重金属镉离子;
(10)无机陶瓷膜微滤:将经步骤(9)处理后的藕浆输入无机陶瓷膜微滤系统,进行微滤,得到目标产品发酵液;
(11)喷雾干燥:将步骤(10)得到的目标产品发酵液进行喷雾干燥,得到藕粉;
(12)称重袋装:称取所得藕粉添加至包装袋中,包装袋打印赏味期限;
(13)微波杀菌:将装好的样品袋口折叠,单层摆放于微波炉中杀菌;
(14)封口、金检。
2.如权利要求1所述的藕粉的加工方法,其特征在于:步骤(10)中,微滤操作的参数设置为:操作压力为0.15MPa,操作温度为25℃,膜管孔径选用0.45μm,其渗透通量为0.7tm-2h-1,截流率为95%,过滤液为目标产品发酵液。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的藕粉的加工方法,其特征在于:步骤(11)中,喷雾干燥按照如下实施:将步骤(10)得到的发酵液配制成初始含水率在20-40%的悬浮液;用控制系统调节进风温度至190℃,出风温度至80℃,且温度保持恒定;调节压缩空气压力至0.25MPa;调节蠕动频率使进样速率为7.2mL/s,设置离心喷头转速25000r/min,开始进料,进行喷雾干燥,得到藕粉。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的藕粉的加工方法,其特征在于:步骤(13)中,微波杀菌的具体参数为:微波频率2200MHz~2600MHz,输出功率600W~1000W,灭菌时间10s~100s。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的藕粉的加工方法,其特征在于:所述加工方法由步骤(1)~(14)组成。
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