CN107262088A - 一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂的制备方法及其应用,属于催化剂制备领域。该方法以纳米碳管为原料和乙酸锰分散混合后制得固体炭锰复合物,之后用凝胶法制得掺杂炭锰的二氧化钛载体,并浸渍硝酸铈溶液,加入玻璃纤维填料,粘结剂、润滑剂、成孔剂等混合搅拌均匀后放入马弗炉煅烧,最终制得一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂。本发明制得催化剂在低温环境下的脱硝率也能达到90%以上,且制备步骤简单,对环境无任何污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂的制备方法,属于催化剂制备领域。
背景技术
随着经济的迅速发展、工业生产及环保要求的提高,大气污染成了人们十分关注的问题。由于大气中的NOX对人体健康和生态环境有严重的危害作用,因此NOX的排放和控制逐渐引起人们的高度重视,并成为当前治理大气污染的重要工作之一。长期以来,我国NOX污染日益严重的根本原因是以煤炭为主的能源消耗结构,煤炭在我国能源消费中的比例占70%左右,是大气中NOX和烟尘的主要来源,煤烟型污染仍将是我国大气污染的主要特征,并且在短期内这种格局也不会有所改变。在我国,大型锅炉是用煤大户,大量的燃煤电厂和炼钢厂等是NOX排放的重点单位,也是引起众多环境问题的根源。因此,电厂燃煤锅炉NOX的减排和控制是今后环保工作的重点任务之一。
烟气脱硝属于燃烧后处理技术,虽然成本较高,但脱硝效率高,易与燃烧装置配套,受燃料类型限制小。目前烟气脱硝技术可分为干法和湿法两大类。干法脱硝包括选择催化还原法(SCR)、选择性非催化还原法(SNCR)、催化分解法、吸附法和低温等离子法;湿法脱硝包括酸吸收、碱吸收、化学氧化吸收和生物还原法等。目前国内外研究较多的几种,其中除SCR和SNCR外,其他方法尚无工业化应用或处于实验研究阶段或中试阶段。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题:针对目前脱硝技术中的催化剂多在高温下脱硝效果好,脱硝率高,在200℃以下的脱硝率却很低的缺陷,提供了一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂的制备方法,该方法以纳米碳管为原料和乙酸锰分散混合后制得固体炭锰复合物,之后用凝胶法制得掺杂炭锰的二氧化钛载体,并浸渍硝酸铈溶液,加入玻璃纤维填料,粘结剂、润滑剂、成孔剂等混合搅拌均匀后放入马弗炉煅烧,最终制得一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂。本发明制得催化剂在低温环境下的脱硝率也能达到90%以上,且制备步骤简单,对环境无任何污染。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
(1)称取4~5g纳米碳管,放入高速分散机,加入200~250mL质量浓度为50%的乙醇溶液,以300~400r/min的转速搅拌分散10~20min,得纳米碳管乙醇悬浮液;
(2)向上述制得的悬浮液中,继续加入2~3g四水合乙酸锰,放置在超声振荡仪中超声分散15~20min,之后移入蒸发皿中,加热至70~80℃蒸发多余溶剂,得到固体炭锰复合物;
(3)用移液管移取20~30mL钛酸丁酯倒入200mL烧杯中,放置在磁力搅拌机上以200~300r/min的转速在常温下搅拌,之后再在搅拌状态下向烧杯中加入10~15mL乙酰丙酮,继续搅拌直至液体呈深黄色;
(4)称取5~10g上述制备得到的固体炭锰复合物加入到上述烧杯中,再加入30~50mL无水乙醇,提高搅拌机转速至400~500r/min,搅拌2~3h后将烧杯移入水浴锅中,升温至60~70℃,水浴浓缩4~6h,得到黄色溶胶;
(5)将上述黄色溶胶移入烘箱中,升温至105~110℃干燥6~7h得黄色凝胶,之后放入马弗炉中,以500~600℃的高温煅烧3~4h,得炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体;
(6)将上述得到的炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体浸渍在质量浓度为70%的硝酸铈溶液中,摇床振荡反应12~18h后取出,放入500mL烧杯中,放入烘箱以40~50℃的温度烘干;
(7)取50~60g上述浸渍处理后的载体倒入500mL烧杯中,加入20~30g玻璃纤维,2~5g均三甲苯,10~20mL硅油和10~15g面粉和100~200mL蒸馏水,用玻璃棒搅拌均匀后蒸馏浓缩成泥状物;
(8)将上述制得的泥状物,放入马弗炉中,先以5℃/min的速率程序升温至200℃,保温10~15min,再以8℃/min的速率程序升温至500℃,保温1~2h进行煅烧,冷却至室温后即得一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂。
本发明的具体应用方法:取3~5g本发明制得的蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂放入工厂废弃烟气排出装置中,向里通入氨气,在催化剂的作用下,含NOX的废气与氨气反应降解为无害气体排出,本发明制得的催化剂在180~200℃时脱硝效率超过90%,为普通脱硝催化剂脱硝效率的2~3倍。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明制得催化剂在低温环境下的脱硝率也能达到90%以上,且制备步骤简单,反应条件温和,成本低廉,对环境无任何污染。
具体实施方式
称取4~5g纳米碳管,放入高速分散机,加入200~250mL质量浓度为50%的乙醇溶液,以300~400r/min的转速搅拌分散10~20min,得纳米碳管乙醇悬浮液;向上述制得的悬浮液中,继续加入2~3g四水合乙酸锰,放置在超声振荡仪中超声分散15~20min,之后移入蒸发皿中,加热至70~80℃蒸发多余溶剂,得到固体炭锰复合物;用移液管移取20~30mL钛酸丁酯倒入200mL烧杯中,放置在磁力搅拌机上以200~300r/min的转速在常温下搅拌,之后再在搅拌状态下向烧杯中加入10~15mL乙酰丙酮,继续搅拌直至液体呈深黄色;称取5~10g上述制备得到的固体炭锰复合物加入到上述烧杯中,再加入30~50mL无水乙醇,提高搅拌机转速至400~500r/min,搅拌2~3h后将烧杯移入水浴锅中,升温至60~70℃,水浴浓缩4~6h,得到黄色溶胶;将上述黄色溶胶移入烘箱中,升温至105~110℃干燥6~7h得黄色凝胶,之后放入马弗炉中,以500~600℃的高温煅烧3~4h,得炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体;将上述得到的炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体浸渍在质量浓度为70%的硝酸铈溶液中,摇床振荡反应12~18h后取出,放入500mL烧杯中,放入烘箱以40~50℃的温度烘干;取50~60g上述浸渍处理后的载体倒入500mL烧杯中,加入20~30g玻璃纤维,2~5g均三甲苯,10~20mL硅油和10~15g面粉和100~200mL蒸馏水,用玻璃棒搅拌均匀后蒸馏浓缩成泥状物;将上述制得的泥状物,放入马弗炉中,先以5℃/min的速率程序升温至200℃,保温10~15min,再以8℃/min的速率程序升温至500℃,保温1~2h进行煅烧,冷却至室温后即得一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂。
实例1
称取4g纳米碳管,放入高速分散机,加入200mL质量浓度为50%的乙醇溶液,以300r/min的转速搅拌分散10min,得纳米碳管乙醇悬浮液;向上述制得的悬浮液中,继续加入2g四水合乙酸锰,放置在超声振荡仪中超声分散15min,之后移入蒸发皿中,加热至70℃蒸发多余溶剂,得到固体炭锰复合物;用移液管移取20mL钛酸丁酯倒入200mL烧杯中,放置在磁力搅拌机上以200r/min的转速在常温下搅拌,之后再在搅拌状态下向烧杯中加入10mL乙酰丙酮,继续搅拌直至液体呈深黄色;称取5g上述制备得到的固体炭锰复合物加入到上述烧杯中,再加入30mL无水乙醇,提高搅拌机转速至400r/min,搅拌2h后将烧杯移入水浴锅中,升温至60℃,水浴浓缩4h,得到黄色溶胶;将上述黄色溶胶移入烘箱中,升温至105℃干燥6h得黄色凝胶,之后放入马弗炉中,以500℃的高温煅烧3h,得炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体;将上述得到的炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体浸渍在质量浓度为70%的硝酸铈溶液中,摇床振荡反应12h后取出,放入500mL烧杯中,放入烘箱以40℃的温度烘干;取50g上述浸渍处理后的载体倒入500mL烧杯中,加入20g玻璃纤维,2g均三甲苯,10mL硅油和10g面粉和100mL蒸馏水,用玻璃棒搅拌均匀后蒸馏浓缩成泥状物;将上述制得的泥状物,放入马弗炉中,先以5℃/min的速率程序升温至200℃,保温10min,再以8℃/min的速率程序升温至500℃,保温1h进行煅烧,冷却至室温后即得一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂。
本发明的具体应用方法:取3g本发明制得的蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂放入工厂废弃烟气排出装置中,向里通入氨气,在催化剂的作用下,含NOX的废气与氨气反应降解为无害气体排出,本发明制得的催化剂在180℃时脱硝效率达到93%,为普通脱硝催化剂脱硝效率的2倍。
实例2
称取4g纳米碳管,放入高速分散机,加入230mL质量浓度为50%的乙醇溶液,以350r/min的转速搅拌分散15min,得纳米碳管乙醇悬浮液;向上述制得的悬浮液中,继续加入2g四水合乙酸锰,放置在超声振荡仪中超声分散18min,之后移入蒸发皿中,加热至75℃蒸发多余溶剂,得到固体炭锰复合物;用移液管移取25mL钛酸丁酯倒入200mL烧杯中,放置在磁力搅拌机上以250r/min的转速在常温下搅拌,之后再在搅拌状态下向烧杯中加入13mL乙酰丙酮,继续搅拌直至液体呈深黄色;称取8g上述制备得到的固体炭锰复合物加入到上述烧杯中,再加入40mL无水乙醇,提高搅拌机转速至450r/min,搅拌2h后将烧杯移入水浴锅中,升温至65℃,水浴浓缩5h,得到黄色溶胶;将上述黄色溶胶移入烘箱中,升温至108℃干燥6h得黄色凝胶,之后放入马弗炉中,以550℃的高温煅烧3h,得炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体;将上述得到的炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体浸渍在质量浓度为70%的硝酸铈溶液中,摇床振荡反应15h后取出,放入500mL烧杯中,放入烘箱以45℃的温度烘干;取55g上述浸渍处理后的载体倒入500mL烧杯中,加入25g玻璃纤维,4g均三甲苯,15mL硅油和13g面粉和150mL蒸馏水,用玻璃棒搅拌均匀后蒸馏浓缩成泥状物;将上述制得的泥状物,放入马弗炉中,先以5℃/min的速率程序升温至200℃,保温13min,再以8℃/min的速率程序升温至500℃,保温1h进行煅烧,冷却至室温后即得一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂。
本发明的具体应用方法:取4g本发明制得的蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂放入工厂废弃烟气排出装置中,向里通入氨气,在催化剂的作用下,含NOX的废气与氨气反应降解为无害气体排出,本发明制得的催化剂在190℃时脱硝效率达到95%,为普通脱硝催化剂脱硝效率的2倍。
实例3
称取5g纳米碳管,放入高速分散机,加入250mL质量浓度为50%的乙醇溶液,以400r/min的转速搅拌分散20min,得纳米碳管乙醇悬浮液;向上述制得的悬浮液中,继续加入3g四水合乙酸锰,放置在超声振荡仪中超声分散20min,之后移入蒸发皿中,加热至80℃蒸发多余溶剂,得到固体炭锰复合物;用移液管移取30mL钛酸丁酯倒入200mL烧杯中,放置在磁力搅拌机上以300r/min的转速在常温下搅拌,之后再在搅拌状态下向烧杯中加入15mL乙酰丙酮,继续搅拌直至液体呈深黄色;称取10g上述制备得到的固体炭锰复合物加入到上述烧杯中,再加入50mL无水乙醇,提高搅拌机转速至500r/min,搅拌3h后将烧杯移入水浴锅中,升温至70℃,水浴浓缩6h,得到黄色溶胶;将上述黄色溶胶移入烘箱中,升温至110℃干燥7h得黄色凝胶,之后放入马弗炉中,以600℃的高温煅烧4h,得炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体;将上述得到的炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体浸渍在质量浓度为70%的硝酸铈溶液中,摇床振荡反应18h后取出,放入500mL烧杯中,放入烘箱以50℃的温度烘干;取60g上述浸渍处理后的载体倒入500mL烧杯中,加入30g玻璃纤维,5g均三甲苯,20mL硅油和15g面粉和200mL蒸馏水,用玻璃棒搅拌均匀后蒸馏浓缩成泥状物;将上述制得的泥状物,放入马弗炉中,先以5℃/min的速率程序升温至200℃,保温15min,再以8℃/min的速率程序升温至500℃,保温2h进行煅烧,冷却至室温后即得一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂。
本发明的具体应用方法:取5g本发明制得的蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂放入工厂废弃烟气排出装置中,向里通入氨气,在催化剂的作用下,含NOX的废气与氨气反应降解为无害气体排出,本发明制得的催化剂在200℃时脱硝效率达到96%,为普通脱硝催化剂脱硝效率的3倍。
Claims (1)
1.一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂的应用方法,其特征在于,该蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂的制备步骤为:
(1)称取4~5g纳米碳管,放入高速分散机,加入200~250mL质量浓度为50%的乙醇溶液,以300~400r/min的转速搅拌分散10~20min,得纳米碳管乙醇悬浮液;
(2)向上述制得的悬浮液中,继续加入2~3g四水合乙酸锰,放置在超声振荡仪中超声分散15~20min,之后移入蒸发皿中,加热至70~80℃蒸发多余溶剂,得到固体炭锰复合物;
(3)用移液管移取20~30mL钛酸丁酯倒入200mL烧杯中,放置在磁力搅拌机上以200~300r/min的转速在常温下搅拌,之后再在搅拌状态下向烧杯中加入10~15mL乙酰丙酮,继续搅拌直至液体呈深黄色;
(4)称取5~10g制备得到的固体炭锰复合物加入到上述烧杯中,再加入30~50mL无水乙醇,提高搅拌机转速至400~500r/min,搅拌2~3h后将烧杯移入水浴锅中,升温至60~70℃,水浴浓缩4~6h,得到黄色溶胶;
(5)将上述黄色溶胶移入烘箱中,升温至105~110℃干燥6~7h得黄色凝胶,之后放入马弗炉中,以500~600℃的高温煅烧3~4h,得炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体;
(6)将上述得到的炭锰掺杂二氧化钛载体浸渍在质量浓度为70%的硝酸铈溶液中,摇床振荡反应12~18h后取出,放入500mL烧杯中,放入烘箱以40~50℃的温度烘干;
(7)取50~60g上述浸渍处理后的载体倒入500mL烧杯中,加入20~30g玻璃纤维,2~5g均三甲苯,10~20mL硅油和10~15g面粉和100~200mL蒸馏水,用玻璃棒搅拌均匀后蒸馏浓缩成泥状物;
(8)将上述制得的泥状物,放入马弗炉中,先以5℃/min的速率程序升温至200℃,保温10~15min,再以8℃/min的速率程序升温至500℃,保温1~2h进行煅烧,冷却至室温后即得一种蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂;
该蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂的应用方法:取3~5g本发明制得的蜂窝状低温脱硝催化剂放入工厂废弃烟气排出装置中,向里通入氨气,在催化剂的作用下,含NOX的废气与氨气反应降解为无害气体排出,本发明制得的催化剂在180~200℃时脱硝效率超过90%,为普通脱硝催化剂脱硝效率的2~3倍。
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