CN107259329A - 一种蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L3/26—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating
- A23L3/263—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating with corpuscular or ionising radiation, i.e. X, alpha, beta or omega radiation
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Abstract
一种蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料的制备方法，属于食品的生产技术领域。以包括燕麦仁、糙米、甜玉米、黄豆、莲子的混合料为粗杂粮培养基，以白砂糖、奶粉和水的混合溶液为营养液；将营养液与粗杂粮培养基混合后灭菌，再接入蛹虫草液体菌种，进行蛹虫草子实体的培养；待收获培养基面上的蛹虫草子实体后，取培养后的基料烘干、粉碎、真空包装后，再辐照灭菌，得蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料。本发明不仅收获了优质的蛹虫草子实体，还充分利用培养后的基料用于简单加工，形成可食用的、营养价值较高的杂粮粥料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品的生产技术领域。
背景技术
蛹虫草（Cordyceps militaris），又名北冬虫夏草、是虫草属的模式种。《全国中草药汇编》记载：“蛹虫草的子实体及虫体也可作为冬虫夏草入药”。卫生部发布09年3号公告批准蛹虫草（蛹虫草）为新资源食品。蛹虫草有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、在抗氧化、抗疲劳、抗衰老等作用，能增强人体免疫功能、造血能力和抗辐射能力，医药保健功能越来越受到人们的重视，与之相关的产业也显现了巨大的发展潜力。
蛹虫草培养基一般以大米、小麦为基本培养基，辅以蚕蛹粉、蛋白胨等营养物质，子实体采收后的未消耗培养基主料营养丰富，又富含蛹虫草菌丝体和子实体、以及其他代谢物质，培养基丢弃不仅浪费而且容易污染环境，以往研究一般利用蛹虫草培养基开发饲料、发酵酱油等，开发工艺复杂，人工成本高。
发明内容
本发明目的是提出一种既可培养出蛹虫草子实体，又能充分高价值利用其培养基的蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料的制备方法。
本发明技术方案是：以包括燕麦仁、糙米、甜玉米、黄豆、莲子的混合料为粗杂粮培养基，所述粗杂粮培养基的粒径为8～12目；以白砂糖、奶粉和水的混合溶液为营养液；将营养液与粗杂粮培养基混合后灭菌，再接入蛹虫草液体菌种，进行蛹虫草子实体的培养；待收获培养基面上的蛹虫草子实体后，取培养后的基料烘干、粉碎、真空包装后，再辐照灭菌，得蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料。
本发明采用的培养基原料降低了污染率，发菌快，生长期短，不仅收获了优质的蛹虫草子实体，还充分利用培养后的基料用于简单加工，形成可食用的、营养价值较高的杂粮粥料。本发明从健康饮食目的出发，利用燕麦仁、糙米、甜玉米、黄豆、莲子等粗杂粮为原料配置培养基，选育适应培养基的蛹虫草菌种，培养蛹虫草子实体。本发明较大限度地开发了蛹虫草培养基，零污染，零浪费，获得了优质的蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料，为蛹虫草生产企业增加了经济效益，生产成本低、操作简单，具有较高的应用价值。
本发明所述粗杂粮培养基中燕麦仁、糙米、甜玉米、黄豆、莲子的混合质量比为2∶1∶1∶0.5∶0.5。培养基原料种类选择目标是营养丰富，口感好，同时能培养优良蛹虫草子实体的粗杂粮，粗杂粮种类的选择是根据主辅料单因素实验，针对蛹虫草菌丝体的生长情况、子实体的产量和活性物质的含量等指标而筛选的，混合配比是根据原料种类和含量的正交实验筛选出来的，燕麦仁、糙米、甜玉米、黄豆、莲子的混合质量比为2∶1∶1∶0.5∶0.5这个配方是实验方案中蛹虫草子实体产量和活性物质以及作为粥料口感综合指标最好的配方。
该粥料选用燕麦仁和糙米是前期大量研究表明，小麦和大米适宜栽培蛹虫草子实体，培养的蛹虫草子实体完全能达到国家对新资源食品活性物质的要求，经过本单位试验研究单独的燕麦仁和糙米不仅能栽培高产的蛹虫草子实体，活性物质多糖和腺苷也远远高出国家蛹虫草产品的要求，同时燕麦仁中含有纤维素以及维他命B，维生素C、E和叶酸、以及丰富的钙、磷、铁、铜、锌、锰、硅，β-聚葡萄糖、植物碱、植物皂素等成分；糙米中米糠和胚芽部分的维生素B和维生素E，能提高人体免疫功能，促进血液循环，还能帮助人们消除沮丧烦躁的情绪，使人充满活力，中医认为糙米味甘、性温，健脾养胃、补中益气，调和五脏、镇静神经、促进消化吸收。甜玉米是玉米的一个种，又称蔬菜玉米，禾本科，玉米属。德国营养保健协会的研究表明，在所有主食中，玉米的营养价值和保健作用最高。玉米含有7种“抗衰剂”即钙、谷胱甘肽、维生素、镁、硒、维生素E和脂肪酸。甜玉米还具有医疗保健作用，因含有多种维生素和矿物质使其具有水果和蔬菜的特点，含有不饱和脂肪酸，有降低血液中的胆固醇、软化血管和防治冠心病的作用。试验发现甜玉米作为蛹虫草培养基成分能有效提高蛹虫草的多糖含量，同时添加甜玉米后的粥料口感更好。大豆营养丰富，其中蛋白质的含量比猪肉高2倍，比鸡蛋含量高2.5倍。大豆蛋白质的含量不仅高，而且质量好。大豆蛋白质的氨基酸组成和动物蛋白质近似，其中氨基酸比较接近人体需要的比值，所以容易被消化吸收。大豆脂肪含有很多不饱和脂肪酸，也容易被人体消化吸收，而且大豆脂肪可以阻止胆固醇的吸收，所以大豆对于动脉硬化患者来说，是一种理想的营养品。因此大豆的营养成分适合蛹虫草的生长，可替代蚕蛹粉、蛋白胨等辅料，同时作为杂粮粥的原料营养丰富、容易被人体吸收，口感好。莲子含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物，莲子中的钙、磷和钾含量非常丰富。中老年人特别是脑力劳动者经常食用，可以健脑，增强记忆力，提高工作效率并能预防老年性痴呆的发生。本研究试验发现随着莲子占培养基比例的提高，蛹虫草产量和生长速度明显提高，同时莲子作为粥料口感和其他原料也十分协调。
所述营养液中，白砂糖含量为15g/L，奶粉含量为10g/L。本发明实验结果表明白砂糖经高温高压灭菌后比其他糖源如葡萄糖、蔗糖等更适宜蛹虫草子实体栽培，全脂牛奶粉能提供优质的动物蛋白和脂肪，能促进蛹虫草菌种的生产和活性物质的转化，是蚕蛹粉和蛋白胨很好的替代品，在获得高产优质蛹虫草子实体的基础上，作为粥料更安全，口感也更好。本发明的白砂糖、奶粉含量的二因素实验表明当白砂糖含量为15g/L，奶粉含量为10g/L时。燕麦仁、糙米、甜玉米、黄豆、莲子的混合质量比为2∶1∶1∶0.5∶0.5配方的蛹虫草培养基或得的子实体产量和活性物质以及粥料的口感等综合指标最佳。
所述营养液和粗杂粮培养基的混合质量比为2∶1。培养基原料和营养液质量比1:2配置的培养基软硬和培养基各原料之间的粘合度适宜，既能保证蛹虫草菌种的穿透力，又能保证蛹虫草整个生长周期所需的水分。
所述蛹虫草液体菌种为蛹虫草泰山-2。是由泰安市农业科学研究院选育审定的优良蛹虫草菌种，现已公开销售。
本发明所述蛹虫草子实体的培养环境温度为18～19℃，先避光暗培养；10天后，每天见光16小时，光照250Lex，环境温度为20℃；见光3天后搔菌，刺孔；搔菌后30天，蛹虫草子实体长至8-10厘米，呈金黄色，子实体上部有刺状突起，即可收获培养基面上的蛹虫草子实体。暗培养发菌阶段温度应稍低，这样能有效控制菌丝生长的速度，见光、搔菌能促进蛹虫草子实体原基的形成和生长，收获子实体时，子实体上部表面有刺状突起，表明子实体已成熟，在蛹虫草散孢子前收获子实体，子实体营养成分较高，培养基底部和周边黄色的边皮草和子实体有同样的营养，可作为粥料的一部分，因此只收获培养基表面的子实体。
将培养基料烘干至含水质量≤15%，该含水率达到国家粮食储存的标准，利于长时间保存、运输。
所述辐照灭菌的强度为60 Co-γ 辐照最低吸收剂量为10000Gy。本发明利用60 Co-γ辐照杀菌能保证粥料的质量和延长粥料的保质期，提高食品食用的安全性。
本发明所具有的优点和效果：
1、本发明改变了蛹虫草培养基的利用思路。以往蛹虫草培养基主要作用提供培养蛹虫草子实体的营养，剩余培养基主要开发为饲料、酱油、肥料等，本发明直接从培养基原料的选择和配方入手，直接开发成可食用的健康食品，无任何残余，拓宽了蛹虫草培养基的可持续循环利用，且工序简单，为企业降低了培养基处理成本，增加了效益。
2、本发明在培养基配方筛选方面有特点。以往蛹虫草培养基采用的小麦、大米为主料，蚕蛹粉、蛋白胨为辅料，采用小麦作为培养基原料，杂菌多洁净度较难控制，培养基污染率高；大米高温高压灭菌后，粘度大，蛹虫草菌丝体穿透力差，培育出的蛹虫草子实体细长，色泽淡，产量低；本发明采用燕麦仁、糙米、甜玉米、黄豆、莲子为主料，全脂奶粉、白砂糖为辅料作为蛹虫草培养基原料，原料都为食用粗杂粮，大都经过了脱皮工序，洁净度高，培养基污染率低，辅料为食品白砂糖和全脂奶粉更好的解决了菌种糖源和动物蛋白的需求，且提供的动物蛋白质量和安全系数更高，配合选育的优良菌种，培育出的蛹虫草子实体粗壮、色泽好、产量高，营养和活性物质指标明显高于普通培养基配方。
3、本发明开发的粗杂粮粥料营养价值高。粗杂粮是现代营养学提倡的健康食品，2009年国家卫生部发布09年3号公告批准蛹虫草（蛹虫草）为新资源食品，大量研究结果表明蛹虫草菌丝体和子实体能增强人体免疫功能、造血能力和抗辐射能力，是安全又优良的食药用真菌。人工栽培蛹虫草子实体，子实体采收后培养基中残留了大量的蛹虫草菌丝体和子实体，以及原料中被蛹虫草菌丝体转化和未利用完的营养物质，开发成营养粥十分适合。
4、该发明开发该粥料产品安全等级高。该培养未添加任何不安全物质，培养基经过高温高压灭菌，子实体培养场地菌定期用紫外灯和臭氧灭菌，培养过程无任何杂菌侵染，无变质、腐败等现象，且培养基原料经虫草菌转化后产生更多的营养物质，培养基收获后在GMP车间加工，原料洁净程度高。包装好的粥料利用60 Co-γ辐照处理，能使粥料达到无菌状态，增加粥料的保质期和口味，因此该发明开发的粥料产品安全等级高。
具体实施方式
一、材料准备：
1、培养用玻璃瓶：直径10cm、高11cm，洗净、凉干，待用。
2、粗杂粮培养基配方：
将甜玉米、黄豆、莲子进行粉碎，并分别过8～12目和筛子，取得各颗粒状状材料，与燕麦仁、糙米以1:0.5:0.5:2:1的质量比混合，取得粗杂粮培养基，待用。
3、营养液配方：
取白砂糖15g 、奶粉10g 加水定容至1000mL，pH值自然，取得营养液。
二、蛹虫草子实体的培养：
1、取粗杂粮培养基25g用自来水过水晾干，装入培养用玻璃瓶。
2、向以上培养用玻璃瓶中加入50g营养液，混匀后，于瓶口扎密封膜。
3、将密封后的培养用玻璃瓶放入灭菌锅内，高温高压121℃灭菌60min，取出后放入无菌操作室，放凉。
4、将灭菌处理后的培养用玻璃瓶转移至超净工作台，接入3mL蛹虫草泰山-2的液体菌种。
以上蛹虫草泰山-2（鲁农审2009096号），是由泰安市农业科学研究院选育审定的优良蛹虫草菌种，现已公开销售。
5、将接种后的培养瓶放入18～19℃室温，先避光暗培养；10天后每天光16小时，光照250Lex，环境温度为20℃；见光3天后搔菌，刺孔。
搔菌后30天，蛹虫草子实体长至8～10cm，呈橘黄色，子实体上部有刺状突起，即可收获培养基面上的蛹虫草子实体。
三、蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料的制备：
1、取收获培养基面上的蛹虫草子实体后的基料烘干至含水量≤15%，然后粉碎。
2、粉碎至10目500克真空包装，或粉碎至100目密封包装。
培养基分两类粉碎：一类粉碎至10目大小，称重500g，真空包装。一类粉碎至100目，称重500g，密封包装。
培养基粉碎至10目左右蛹虫草菌丝体包裹杂粮，粥料的均匀度好，同时大小适宜家庭蒸煮和真空包装；培养基粉碎至100目主要适宜于开水的直接冲泡和调匀，细粉不适宜真空包装，密封包装即可。
3、将包装的蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料进行60 Co-γ辐照灭菌，辐照最低吸收剂量为10000Gy。
四、蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料的食用方法及效果：
1、10目粥料的食用方法：选取10目大小的蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料，粥料与水的质量比为1:4，大火烧开，小火熬制1小时即可食用。该粥色泽淡黄，口味微甜，适宜7岁以上各年龄人群食用。特别适宜高血脂、高血糖、疲劳过度等亚健康人群食用。
2、100目粥料的食用方法：选取100目大小的蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料，粥料与开水的质量比为1:5，调均即可食用。该粥色泽淡黄，口味微酸，可用蜂蜜、白糖等调味，适宜7岁以上各年龄人群食用。特别适宜高血脂、高血糖、疲劳过度等亚健康人群食用。
Claims (8)
1.一种蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料的制备方法，其特征在于：以包括燕麦仁、糙米、甜玉米、黄豆、莲子的混合料为粗杂粮培养基，所述粗杂粮培养基的粒径为8～12目；以白砂糖、奶粉和水的混合溶液为营养液；将营养液与粗杂粮培养基混合后灭菌，再接入蛹虫草液体菌种，进行蛹虫草子实体的培养；待收获培养基面上的蛹虫草子实体后，取培养基烘干、粉碎、真空包装后，再辐照灭菌，得蛹虫草粗杂粮粥料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述粗杂粮培养基中燕麦仁、糙米、甜玉米、黄豆、莲子的混合质量比为2∶1∶1∶0.5∶0.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述营养液中，白砂糖含量为15g/L，奶粉含量为10g/L。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述营养液和粗杂粮培养基的混合质量比为2∶1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述蛹虫草液体菌种为蛹虫草泰山-2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述蛹虫草子实体的培养的环境温度为室温18～19℃，先避光暗培养；10天后每天光16小时，光照250Lex，环境温度为20℃；见光3天后搔菌，刺孔；搔菌后30天收获培养基面上的蛹虫草子实体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：将基料烘干至含水质量≤15%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述辐照灭菌的强度为60 Co-γ 辐照最低吸收剂量为10000Gy。
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| CN109619247A (zh) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-04-16 | 安徽燕之坊食品有限公司 | 一种具有降血压、血脂、血糖的压片糖果及制备方法 |
| CN109619407A (zh) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-04-16 | 安徽燕之坊食品有限公司 | 一种调节肠道菌群的即食速溶粉剂及制备方法 |
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| CN109619407A (zh) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-04-16 | 安徽燕之坊食品有限公司 | 一种调节肠道菌群的即食速溶粉剂及制备方法 |
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