CN107254151A - 微孔发泡3d打印聚合物耗材及其制备方法与生产装置 - Google Patents

微孔发泡3d打印聚合物耗材及其制备方法与生产装置 Download PDF

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CN107254151A
CN107254151A CN201710419497.4A CN201710419497A CN107254151A CN 107254151 A CN107254151 A CN 107254151A CN 201710419497 A CN201710419497 A CN 201710419497A CN 107254151 A CN107254151 A CN 107254151A
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韦良强
魏喜苹
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GUIZHOU YIDANG TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材及其制备方法与生产装置。本发明选用了特定的复配发泡剂与聚合物基体来制备微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材，通过FDM模式微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材生产装置制造获得轻量化的FDM模式3D打印耗材，打印的制品在相同打印条件下可以质量可以下降10％以上，且3D打印制件的抗冲击性能明显提高。本发明制备原料价格低廉，较为环保，使用效果好。

Description

微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材及其制备方法与生产装置
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域，尤其是一种微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材及其制备方法与生产装置。
背景技术
3D打印技术是近年来受到世界主要国家关注的技术。聚合物3D打印是3D打印技术的一个重要分支。聚合物3D打印耗材需求增长也十分快速。很多热塑性聚合物材料由于有较高的成型收缩率，不适合应用于FDM模式3D打印，需要添加较大量的无机填料减小成型收缩率，但是大量无机填料的加入往往造成材料的韧性急剧下降。微孔发泡技术是降低聚合物材料重量的有效方法，同时可以提高材料的抗冲击强度。通过微孔发泡有望降低3D打印耗材的重量，提高耗材的冲击韧性。但是，目前还没有将微孔发泡技术应用于聚合物3D打印耗材的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供了一种微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材及其制备方法与生产装置，具有比重轻、韧性好，成型收缩率更低的特点，且制成方法简单。
本发明是这样实现的：微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材，按质量份数计算，包括聚合物基体90-99份及复配发泡剂1-10份为制备原料；其中复配发泡剂的组成包括发泡剂以及复配发泡助剂，复配发泡助剂的质量比不超过复配发泡剂总量的50％，发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、超细碳酸氢钠、Expancel可膨胀微球或偶氮二异丁腈中的一种或几种的组合，所述复配发泡助剂为氧化锌、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、滑石粉或柠檬酸中的一种或几种的组合。
耗材的泡孔直径为0.05um-50um。
所述的聚合物基体为PLA、PBAT、PBS、ABS、LLDPE、EVA、 POE、POK、PET、PC、PA或TPU中的一种或几种的组合。
微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材的制备方法，按上述质量份数取各组分，将聚合物基体及复配发泡剂经双螺杆挤出机共混挤出造粒或高速搅拌混合机直接混合获得预混料；再将预混料加入FDM模式微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材生产装置中，经过挤出、冷却定型及收卷流程后制备得到微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材。
FDM模式微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材生产装置，包括挤出机前端连接有静态混合器，静态混合器前端连接有熔体泵，在熔体泵前端连接有耗材成型模具；在耗材成型模具前端放置有冷却定型水槽；冷却定型水槽前端放置有激光测径仪；激光测径仪前端设置有拉伸牵引辊；牵引辊前端设置有收卷装置。
所述静态混合器是指SK型、SX型或SH型静态混合器。
与现有的技术相比，本发明选用了特定的复配发泡剂与聚合物基体来制备微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材，通过FDM模式微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材生产装置制造获得轻量化的FDM模式3D打印耗材，打印的制品在相同打印条件下可以质量可以下降10％以上，且3D打印制件的抗冲击性能明显提高。本发明制备原料价格低廉，较为环保，使用效果好。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2位本发明的FDM模式PLA微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材泡孔形态；
图3为本发明的FDM模式TPU微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材泡孔形态。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例1：FDM模式PLA微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材，按质量份数计算，包括PLA 95份及复配发泡剂5份为制备原料；其中复配发泡剂的组成包括发泡剂：Expancel可膨胀微球以及复配发泡助剂：滑石粉及扩链剂，Expancel可膨胀微球，滑石粉及扩链剂的质量百分比依次为80％，19％及1％。
FDM模式PLA微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材的制备方法，按上述质量份数取各组分，将PLA及复配发泡剂经双螺杆挤出机共混在170℃挤出造粒获得预混料；将预混料加入FDM模式微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材生产装置，在185℃挤出后，冷却定型、收卷等流程后制备得到FDM模式PLA微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材，泡孔直径为10um-50um之间。
FDM模式PLA微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材生产装置，包括挤出机1在挤出机1前端连接有静态混合器2，静态混合器2前端连接有熔体泵3，在熔体泵3前端连接有耗材成型模具4；在耗材成型模具4前端放置有冷却定型水槽5；冷却定型水槽5前端放置有激光测径仪6；激光测径仪6前端设置有拉伸牵引辊7；牵引辊7前端设置有收卷装置8；所述静态混合器位SK型静态混合器。
本发明的实施例2：FDM模式TPU微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材，按质量份数计算，包括TPU 94份及复配发泡剂6份为制备原料；其中复配发泡剂的组成包括发泡剂：超细碳酸钠以及复配发泡助剂：硬脂酸锌及氧化锌；Expancel可膨胀微球，硬脂酸锌及氧化锌的质量百分比依次为70％，20％及10％。
FDM模式PLA微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材的制备方法，按上述质量份数取各组分，将TPU及复配发泡剂经高速搅拌混合物机搅拌混合获得预混料；将预混料加入FDM模式微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材生产装置，在190℃挤出后，冷却定型、收卷等流程后制备得到TPU微孔发泡FDM模式3D打印耗材，泡孔直径为20um-50um之间。
FDM模式TPU微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材生产装置，包括挤出机1在挤出机1前端连接有静态混合器2，静态混合器2前端连接有熔体泵3，在熔体泵3前端连接有耗材成型模具4；在耗材成型模具4前端放置有冷却定型水槽5；冷却定型水槽5前端放置有激光测径仪6；激光测径仪6前端设置有拉伸牵引辊7；牵引辊7前端设置 有收卷装置8；所述静态混合器位SK型与SX型串联组合静态混合器。
为了验证本发明的效果，将上述实施实例制备的的微孔发泡FDM模式3D打印聚合物耗材泡孔形态进行了表征，FDM模式PLA微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材泡孔形态如附图2所示，FDM模式TPU微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材泡孔形态如附图3所示。

Claims (6)

1.一种微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材，其特征在于：按质量份数计算，包括聚合物基体90-99份及复配发泡剂1-10份为制备原料；其中复配发泡剂的组成包括发泡剂以及复配发泡助剂，复配发泡助剂的质量比不超过复配发泡剂总量的50％，发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、超细碳酸氢钠、Expancel可膨胀微球或偶氮二异丁腈中的一种或几种的组合，所述复配发泡助剂为氧化锌、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、滑石粉或柠檬酸中的一种或几种的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材，其特征在于：耗材的泡孔直径为0.05um-50um。
3.根据权利要求1所述的微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材，其特征在于：所述的聚合物基体为PLA、PBAT、PBS、ABS、LLDPE、EVA、POE、POK、PET、PC、PA或TPU中的一种或几种的组合。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材的制备方法，其特征在于：按上述质量份数取各组分，将聚合物基体及复配发泡剂经双螺杆挤出机共混挤出造粒或高速搅拌混合机直接混合获得预混料；再将预混料加入FDM模式微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材生产装置中，经过挤出、冷却定型及收卷流程后制备得到微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材。
5.一种FDM模式微孔发泡3D打印聚合物耗材生产装置，包括挤出机(1)，其特征在于：在挤出机(1)前端连接有静态混合器(2)，静态混合器(2)前端连接有熔体泵(3)，在熔体泵(3)前端连接有耗材成型模具(4)；在耗材成型模具(4)前端放置有冷却定型水槽(5)；冷却定型水槽(5)前端放置有激光测径仪(6)；激光测径仪(6)前端设置有拉伸牵引辊(7)；牵引辊(7)前端设置有收卷装置(8)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于：所述静态混合器是指SK型、SX型或SH型静态混合器。
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CN110294922A (zh) * 2019-07-03 2019-10-01 杭州卓普新材料科技有限公司 聚乳酸木质材料制备方法
CN110561742A (zh) * 2019-07-29 2019-12-13 德红柜智能科技(厦门)有限公司 一种塑料柜门浮雕及其制备方法与应用
CN111565914A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2020-08-21 阿科玛股份有限公司 用于3d打印的非实心纤丝
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