CN107242891A - 改进的外科植入装置及其制造和使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文提供了可密封的且可重新定位的植入装置,其具有增加植入物如血管内移植物精确展开或重新展开的能力的一种或多种改进、具有对靶向的受体解剖部位的局部解剖构造更好的原位顺应、和/或具有用于展开后调整以顺应可能损害植入物功效的解剖变化的能力。一种外科植入物包括植入物本体和附接至所述植入物本体的选择性地可调整组件,所述选择性地可调整组件具有可调整的元件并且可操作以导致所述植入物本体的一部分的构型变化,并且从而容许所述植入物本体植入在解剖孔口内以便在正常的生理条件下在其中实现密封。
Description
本申请是申请日为2011年12月29日、发明名称为“改进的外科植入装置及其制造和使用方法”的中国专利申请201180068672.0 (PCT/US2011/067695)的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及外科植入装置及其制造和使用方法的领域。在本发明的示例性实施方案之中的是在特别适用于血管手术和动脉瘤或其它解剖管道的其它管腔缺陷的治疗的密封和固位医用装置,如更换心脏瓣膜的密封和固位方面的改进。
发明内容
医学植入物和外科植入物常常放置在解剖空间中,在所述解剖空间中希望植入物符合靶向的解剖空间的独特解剖构造并且在其中确立密封,优选地不干扰或不扭曲所述靶向的解剖空间的独特解剖构造。
虽然大多数中空的解剖空间的管腔理想上是圆形的,但事实上,大多数解剖空间的截面构型充其量是卵形的并且可能是高度不规则的。这种管腔不规则性可能起因于解剖变异和/或由于可以改变所述管腔和其相关的解剖壁的形状和形貌的病理条件。在其中此种植入物可以被展开的解剖空间的实例包括但不限于:血管、心脏、其它血管结构、血管缺陷(如胸主动脉瘤和腹主动脉瘤)、气管、口咽、食道、胃、十二指肠、回肠、空肠、结肠、直肠、输尿管、尿道、输卵管、胆管、胰管、或含有用于在哺乳动物身体内输送气体、血液、或其它液体或液体悬浮物的管腔的其它解剖结构。
对于将成为现有内移植物(endograft)方法和技术的候选者的患者而言,要容许充分密封,对于胸主动脉瘤,正常主动脉的理想上至少 12mm的近端颈必须存在于左锁骨下动脉的下游或者在腹动脉瘤的情况下存在于最下面的肾动脉的原点与动脉瘤的原点之间。类似地,理想上至少12mm的正常脉管必须存在于动脉瘤远端范围的远端,以便将实现充分密封。
现有的内移植物的移位也是一个重大的临床问题,这个问题潜在地导致动脉瘤泄漏和灌注和/或损害对动脉(如颈动脉脉管、锁骨下脉管、肾脉管、或髂内脉管)必要的血管供给。这个问题仅通过一些现有的内移植物设计得到部分解决,在所述设计中并入了倒钩或挂钩以帮助将内移植物保留在其预期部位上。然而,大多数现有的内移植物设计只依赖于通过改变支架材料的长度所施加的径向力来抵靠受体脉管壁确立密封。
因为现有的血管内移植物装置和血管内技术所强加的限制,在美国修复的大量腹动脉瘤和胸动脉瘤仍通过打开血管手术而非发病率更低的血管内途径来处理。
目前,在所有现有技术的内移植物中均要求预先设定尺寸。这种基于CAT扫描测量的预先设定尺寸是一个重大问题。这会多次导致错误设定尺寸的移植物。在这类情况下,更多的移植物区段被要求放置,这些移植物区段会要求紧急打开手术,并且会导致不稳定的密封和/或移位。目前,尚不存在在展开之后可以被完全重新定位的内移植物。
因此,存在对克服以上所讨论的现有技术系统、设计、以及方法所带来的问题的需要。
本发明提供了外科植入装置及其制造方法和用途,所述外科植入装置及其制造方法和用途克服了迄今已知的装置和这种一般类型的方法的上文提及的缺点并且提供了这类特征:具有增加了这样一种植入物被精确定位且密封的能力的改进、具有对靶向的解剖部位的局部解剖构造的更好的原位顺应。本发明提供了一种可以远程开动一个或多个调整构件的调整工具,所述调整构件导致植入物的一个或多个部分的构型变化,以便产生密封并且提供植入物至靶脉管或结构的特定区域的固位,所述构型变化包括但不限于直径、周长、形状、和/或几何形状或这些的组合。
本发明的一个示例性方面针对血管内植入物移植物的新型设计及它们用于治疗主动脉瘤和其它结构性血管缺陷的方法。本文公开了一种用于放置在解剖结构或血管中的内移植物系统,其中内移植物植入物包括例如具有至少一个顺应性近端的非弹性管状植入物本体。如本文所使用的顺应性的是以一种或多种方式改变构型的能力,所述方式可以包括弹性、膨胀、收缩、以及几何形状变化。根据本发明的植入物中的近端和远端中的两者或任一者进一步包括一个或多个圆周的可膨胀可密封的套环和一个或多个可膨胀的密封装置,所述密封装置在展开时能够膨胀以便实现所希望的所述套环与脉管内壁之间的密封。这类装置的示例性实施方案可以在2007年7月31日提交的共同待决的美国专利申请序列号11/888,009和2010年6月24日提交的共同待决的美国专利申请序列号12/822,291中找到,这些申请已经整体并入本文。根据本发明的血管内植入物的另外的实施方案可以配备有可伸缩的固位尖齿或允许植入物在最终展开之前被重新定位的其它固位装置。在其它实施方案中,所述植入物可以在最终展开之后被重新定位。根据本发明的内移植物系统进一步包括具有可操作的管状鞘的递送导管,所述可操作的管状鞘能够在展开之前容纳被折叠或被压缩的内移植物植入物并且能够在其至少近端中缩回或以另外的方式打开从而允许植入物展开。如特定应用所要求的,鞘被设定尺寸并且被配置成允许其经由外周动脉切开术部位而放置,并且所述鞘具有适当的长度以允许其推进至主动脉瓣膜环、升主动脉、主动脉弓、以及胸主动脉或腹主动脉中。
虽然已报道了血管内移植物(内移植物)近端的主动脉颈的一些植入后重新塑造,但现有的内移植物技术不允许在没有放置额外的内移植物套筒来覆盖重新塑造的区段的情况下处理这种情况。
通过使用用于内移植物套环与受体脉管内壁之间的密封接口的自身可膨胀的或可压缩的垫圈,如本文所描述的本发明的示例性内移植物允许局部解剖构造的植入物的更好的顺应。此外,如本文所公开的本发明的示例性内移植物配备有可控地可释放的拆接机构,在对内移植物进行令人满意的定位和密封之后,所述拆接机构允许远程移除调整工具并且锁定被保留的可密封机构。在根据本发明的一些示例性实施方案中,所述可控地可释放的拆接机构可以以这样一种方式来提供:允许调整构件植入后重新对接以容许内移植物在其最初展开之后进行植入后重新定位和/或重新密封。
在本发明所涵盖的其它示例性应用中,可以提供用于密封其它医用装置如血管插管的改进装置。本发明进一步包括在显示需要心脏的双腔静脉插管术时要使用的血管插管的新型设计,所述设计消除了执行圆周腔静脉剖开的需要并且进一步减少了由现有技术气囊或其它旁路插管所引起的组织创伤。当外科医生以标准方式插入并且定位本发明的血管插管时,对腔静脉的圆周剖开和止血带放置的需要得以避免。在用荷包缝合线对本发明的血管插管进行定位并且固定之后,外科医生通过转动调整工具或扭矩丝来展开插管的可调整的密封装置。一旦展开所述密封装置,就使所有的静脉回流转向。所述密封装置在插管的远端周围展开并且允许血液流动穿过插管的管腔,但不在密封装置周围。通过消除对圆周剖开的需要,使用这些插管使腔静脉损伤的机会最小化。另外,与插管相关的可调整的密封装置的构型是这样的,使得可调整的密封装置与插管“平齐”以使得沿着插管的外表面不存在直径的剧烈变化,这用来避免在插入身体结构和从身体结构抽出的过程中产生组织创伤。
本发明解决了气囊插管的现有设计所呈现的多个主要问题。在根据本发明的各种示例性实施方案中,管腔被配置成使得具有可调整的密封装置的插管可以在不损害插管的主管腔内的流动或插管与所述插管平放于其内的结构之间的密封的情况下展开。此外,根据本发明的插管的公开实例配备有在所述插管本体内在其远端上的槽沟,其中可调整的密封装置构件平放成使得当在插入和抽出过程中未展开时,在外部插管壁与未展开的密封装置之间存在光滑的界面,从而允许更光滑、更容易、并且更安全的插入和抽出。
此外,气囊插管的现有设计不能够使充气的气囊真正地对称放置在具有标准直径的中心管腔周围。用常规的气囊充气导致的不对称性足以使管腔从其中放置气囊插管的血管内管腔的真正中心移开,从而导致通过其中的不可预测的和次优的流动特征。用现有气囊插管的这种流动的改变的血液动力学增加了内膜血管损伤和凝块或斑块栓塞形成的可能性。本发明的血管插管通过维持具有一致直径的圆形主管腔的优选的层流特征而实现了具有非气囊插管的流动特征的出人意料的结果,所述圆形主管腔通过最初提供在插管的外壁中的凹陷槽沟内的可调整的密封装置而定位并且维持在血管流动的中心中或附近,其中辅助管腔包含在外部圆形插管壁内。这允许更好的密封、更少的血管创伤、以及更容易的血管进出。
另外,根据本发明的血管插管可以配备有可伸缩的稳定元件以在使用过程中将充气的气囊锚定在脉管管腔内。这类稳定元件进一步利用了插管本体内的槽沟,其中稳定元件在插入和移除过程中缩回至这个槽沟中,从而允许光滑的并且无创伤的插管进出。
本发明的某些方面针对可密封的血管内植入物移植物的新型设计及其用于主动脉瘤和其它结构性血管缺陷的治疗或用于心脏瓣膜更换的方法。如涵盖在本发明内的各种实施方案可以包括本文或在以上引用的共同待决的专利申请中所公开的示例性元件的任何组合。
在根据本发明的示例性实施方案中,提供了一种用于放置在血管缺陷中的可密封的内移植物系统,所述可密封的内移植物系统包括具有外端和内端的拉长的主植入物递送导管用于放置在具有内壁的血管中。在这样一个示例性实施方案中,所述主植入物递送导管进一步包括:主植入物递送导管鞘,其可以是在内端上可操作的或可移除的;和主植入物递送导管管腔,其包含在被压缩或被折叠的血管内植入物内。此外,在这样一个示例性实施方案中,血管内植入物包括具有顺应性近端的非弹性管状植入物本体,所述顺应性近端终止于近端可密封的圆周套环,所述近端可密封的圆周套环可以由操作者使其膨胀以便实现近端可密封的圆周套环与血管缺陷近端的血管内壁之间的流体密封性密封。此外,在这样一个示例性实施方案中,血管内植入物可以进一步包括具有顺应性远端的非弹性管状植入物本体,所述顺应性远端终止于由远端可变的密封装置进行控制的远端可密封的圆周套环,所述远端可密封的圆周套环可以由操作者使其膨胀以便实现远端可密封的圆周套环与血管缺陷远端的血管内壁之间的流体密封性密封。
在根据本发明的另一个示例性实施方案中,提供了一种植入物接口以用于使植入物可密封地附接至血管或其它解剖管道的管腔内的壁上。
在根据本发明的又另一个示例性实施方案中,提供了一种植入物垫圈接口以用于使植入物可密封地附接至血管或其它解剖管道的管腔内的壁上,其中可密封的附接在维持壁附接的同时提供了对密封的自动调整以便顺应植入后的壁重新塑造。
根据本发明的内移植物和内移植物递送系统的再其它的示例性实施方案充当通用的内移植物套头,所述内移植物套头首先被放置以提供其有利的解剖顺应能力,并且然后充当用于其它内移植物(包括常规内移植物)的受体脉管。
此外,根据本发明的内移植物和内移植物递送系统的示例性实施方案可以配备有容许扭矩或其它能量从远程操作者传递至调整构件的机构,所述调整构件包括由调整工具控制的可密封的、可调整的圆周组件,所述调整工具可以是从其中可脱离的并且当所述工具脱离时可以进一步使所述组件锁定。在本发明的一些示例性实施方案中,可变的密封装置可以配备有重新对接的元件,所述重新对接的元件可以通过随后的操作者交互来重新捕获,从而允许内移植物在其初始展开之后的时候重新对接和重新定位和/或重新密封。
此外,本文所公开的本发明的各种示例性实施方案可以构成完整的内移植物系统、或它们可以被用作在共同待决的专利申请中所公开的通用内移植物系统的部件,所述部件可以允许本发明的益处与接纳其它内移植物的能力结合。
最终,本发明涵盖了可以用于其它医用装置(如可调整的血管插管)或其它医用或外科装置或植入物(如主动脉瓣膜)的可密封装置。
鉴于上述的和其它的目的,根据本发明提供了一种外科植入物,所述外科植入物包括植入物本体和附接至所述植入物本体的选择性地可调整组件,所述选择性地可调整组件具有可调整的元件、并且可操作以导致植入物本体的一部分的构型变化并且从而容许植入物本体植入在解剖孔口内以便在正常的生理条件下在其中实现密封。
上述描述仅作为根据本发明的装置和方法的示例性应用而提出。
虽然在本文中本发明被说明和描述为以外科植入装置及其制造方法和用途来体现,但本发明仍然不旨在限制于所示的细节,因为在不背离本发明的精神的情况下并且在权利要求书的等同物的范围内可以在其中作出各种修改和结构变化。另外地,本发明的示例性实施方案的众所周知的要素将不详细描述或将省略,以便不使本发明的相关细节模糊。
本发明的另外的优点和其它特征特色将在以下详述中列举出,并且可以从详述中变得清楚或者可以通过实践本发明的示例性实施方案而被获知。本发明的再其它的优点可以通过权利要求书中特别指出的任何手段、方法或组合来实现。
被认为是本发明的特色的其它特征在所附权利要求书中列举出。按照要求,本文公开了本发明的详细实施方案;然而,应当理解所公开的实施方案仅仅是示例本发明,所述实施方案可以以各种形式来体现。因此,本文公开的特定结构性和功能性细节不应被解释为限制性的,而仅仅作为权利要求书的基础并且作为教导本领域技术人员以实际上任何适当的详细结构多种多样地采用本发明的代表性基础。此外,本文使用的术语和短语不旨在是限制性的;而旨在为本发明提供可理解的描述。虽然本说明书以定义被视为新颖的本发明的特征的权利要求书结束,但相信通过考虑结合附图的以下描述将更好地理解本发明,在所述附图中类似参考号是转下页的。
附图说明
附图用来图示另外的各种实施方案并且用来解释根据本发明的所有各种原理和优点,在所述附图中,类似参考号是指遍及单独视图的相同的或功能类似的元件,所述附图不是按真实比例并且与以下详述一起并入本说明书中并且形成本说明书的一部分。本发明的实施方案的优点将从其示例性实施方案的以下详述中变得清楚,所述描述应该结合附图考虑,在所述附图中:
图1是根据本发明的选择性地可膨胀和可收缩的内移植物的近端方面的示例性实施方案的局部透视图,其中内移植物呈相对膨胀的形式;
图2是图1的选择性地可膨胀和可收缩的内移植物的局部透视图,其中内移植物呈相对收缩的形式;
图3是根据本发明的进一步并入网格结构的内移植物的近端方面的另一个示例性实施方案的局部透视图;
图4A是图3的内移植物的局部透视图,其中内移植物呈相对收缩的形式;
图4B是图3的内移植物的局部透视图,其中内移植物呈部分膨胀的形式;
图4C是图3的内移植物的局部透视图,其中内移植物呈完全膨胀的形式;
图5A是在调整工具接合微柱体锁定机构之前、具有相关调整工具的微柱体锁定机构的示例性实施方案的局部的、部分隐藏的透视图;
图5B是图5B的微柱体锁定机构和调整工具的局部的、部分隐藏的透视图,其中调整工具接合微柱体锁定机构;
图5C是在调整工具调整并从微柱体锁定机构中卸除之后、图5B 的微柱体锁定机构和调整工具的示例性实施方案的局部的、部分隐藏的透视图;
图6A是微柱体和引导弹头沿着图5A的截面线A-A的轴向截面视图,其中尖齿被捕获在微柱体的条痕中;
图6B是调整工具沿着图5A的截面线B-B的轴向截面视图;
图6C是微柱体沿着图5B的截面线C-C的轴向截面视图;
图6D是微柱体、引导弹头、以及工具鞘沿着图5B的截面线D-D 的轴向截面视图,其中没有调整构件、并且尖齿通过调整工具而从微柱体移除;
图6E是根据本发明的微柱体锁定机构和调整工具鞘的另一个示例性实施方案的轴向截面视图,其中调整工具也具有带矩形截面形状的条痕并且具有光滑的外部;
图6F是根据本发明的微柱体锁定机构的又一个示例性实施方案的轴向截面视图,其中微柱体具有带三角形截面形状的条痕并且其中尖齿被捕捉在微柱体的条痕中;
图6G是图6F的微柱体锁定机构和根据本发明的调整工具的轴向截面视图,其中尖齿通过调整工具而从微柱体移除;
图7A是根据本发明的调整控制锁定机构的示例性实施方案的纵向的、部分截面视图,其中可控的捕捉机构被卸除;
图7B是图7A的调整控制锁定机构的纵向的、部分截面视图,其中可控的捕捉机构被接合;
图8A是在调整工具鞘接合微柱体锁定机构之前、根据本发明的具有不等长度的内部锁定尖齿并且具有相关联的调整工具鞘的微柱体锁定机构的示例性实施方案的局部的、部分隐藏的透视图;
图8B是图7A的微柱体锁定机构和调整工具鞘的局部的、部分隐藏的透视图,其中调整工具鞘接合微柱体锁定机构;
图8C是在用调整工具鞘调整并且卸除微柱体锁定机构之后、图 7B的微柱体锁定机构和调整工具鞘的局部的、部分隐藏的透视图;
图9A是被根据本发明的示例性内移植物中的膨胀的可压缩泡沫垫圈套上的固位尖齿的轴向截面视图,其中尖齿呈非延伸状态;
图9B是通过根据本发明的示例性内移植物中的膨胀的可密封套环而暴露并且展开穿过可压缩泡沫垫圈的图9A的固位尖齿的局部透视图;
图10A是根据本发明的示例性血管内接口套头的局部轴向截面视图,其中接口套头已被定位越过血管内导丝到达主动脉瘤囊近端的主动脉中的所希望的受体部位但还没有在其中膨胀;
图10B是图10A的接口套头的局部横向截面视图;
图11A是图10A的接口套头的局部轴向截面视图,其中血管内接口套头在主动脉中膨胀以实现密封并且其中在A-A’的水平上在主动脉瘤囊近端的所希望的受体部位中主动脉壁与固位尖齿接合;
图11B是图11A的接口套头的局部横向截面视图;
图12是图10A的接口套头的局部轴向截面视图,其中内移植物递送固定在接口套头的刚性套头内。
图13是图12的接口套头的局部轴向截面视图,其中导丝被移除并且其中调整工具被脱离并且移除;
图14A是根据本发明的主动可控的内移植物的示例性实施方案的局部透视图,其中在内移植物的管腔外部的网格可以通过调整构件的控制性旋转来径向位移,网格结构呈收缩状态;
图14B是图14A的主动可控的内移植物的局部透视图,其中网格结构呈膨胀状态;
图15A是根据本发明的可调整的血管插管的示例性实施方案的侧面透视图;
图15B是在受体血管内的图15A的可调整血管插管的侧面透视的且部分隐藏的视图,其中可调整的密封装置处在未展开的、收缩的位置;并且
图15C是图15B的可调整血管插管的侧面透视的且部分隐藏的视图,其中可调整的密封装置处在展开的、膨胀的位置。
具体实施方式
按照要求,本文公开了本发明的详细实施方案;然而,应当理解所公开的实施方案仅仅是示例本发明,所述实施方案可以以各种形式来体现。因此,本文公开的特定结构性和功能性细节不应被解释为限制性的,而仅仅作为权利要求书的基础并且作为教导本领域技术人员以实际上任何适当的详细结构多种多样地采用本发明的代表性基础。此外,本文使用的术语和短语不旨在是限制性的;而旨在为本发明提供可理解的描述。虽然本说明书以定义被视为新颖的本发明的特征的权利要求书结束,但相信通过考虑结合附图的以下描述将更好地理解本发明,在所述附图中类似参考号是转下页的。
在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以作出替代实施方案。另外地,本发明的示例性实施方案的众所周知的要素将不详细描述或将省略,以便不使本发明的相关细节模糊。
在公开并且描述本发明之前,应当理解本文所使用的术语仅是出于描述具体实施方案的目的,并且不是旨在是限制性的。如本文所使用的术语“一个(种)”被定义为一个或多于一个。如本文所使用的术语“多个”被定义为两个或多于两个。如本文所使用的术语“另一个”被定义为至少第二个或更多个。如本文所使用的术语“包括 (including)”和/或“具有”被定义为包括(comprising)(即,开放式语言)。如本文所使用的术语“连接(coupled)”被定义为连接(connected),虽然不必要直接地,并且不必要机械地连接。
关系性术语如第一和第二、顶部和底部等仅仅可以用来将一个实体或动作与另一个实体或动作区分开而没有必要要求或暗示这类实体或动作之间的任何真实的这种关系或顺序。术语“包括了 (comprises)”、“包括有(comprising)”或其任何其它变体旨在涵盖非排他性的包括,这样使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品、或设备不仅包括那些要素而且可以包括没有明确列出或这种过程、方法、物品、或设备所固有的其它要素。由“包括了…一个”开始的要素在没有更多约束的情况下不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品、或设备中另外的相同要素的存在。
如本文所使用,术语“大约”或“近似地”适用于所有的数值,无论是否明确地指出。这些术语通常是指本领域技术人员将认为等同于所列举的值的数字范围(即,具有相同的功能或结果)。在许多情况下,这些术语可以包括四舍五入成最接近的有效数字的数。
本文描述了本发明的各种实施方案。在许多不同的实施方案中,特征是类似的。因此,为了避免冗余,在一些情况下可以不对这些类似的特征进行重复描述。然而,应当理解,对第一次出现的特征进行的描述适用于后来描述的类似特征,并且因此每次分别的描述在没有这种重复的情况下并入本文。
现在对本发明的示例性实施方案进行描述。现在详细参考附图中的多幅图,并且首先特别参考其图1,其中示出了根据本发明的可密封的内移植物系统1000的近端方面的示例性实施方案的透视图,其中所述内移植物呈相对膨胀的形式。图2是图1的根据本发明的可密封的内移植物系统1000的近端方面的实施方案的透视图,示出所述内移植物呈相对收缩的形式。这种示例性的内移植物系统1000具有选择性地膨胀和收缩至由植入医师选择的直径的能力。通常,内移植物系统1000沿着其中间范围并且可能地还在其远端部分(在假体的下游端)具有相对恒定的直径部分。在其近端部分(在假体的上游端),内移植物系统1000能够给予植入物的选择性地可调整的部分一种构型变化。发明性的可控内移植物系统1000的特征被进一步描述在2007 年7月31日提交的美国专利申请序列号11/888,009和2010年6月 24日提交的美国专利申请序列号12/822,291中,这些专利已经并入本文并且为了简洁起见这些专利的细节没有在本文中重复。
在图1和图2中示出的示例性的可密封内移植物系统1000包括中空的管状内移植物本体1005,所述中空的管状内移植物本体具有一个顺应性的近端套头1010和一个中间的、大致上刚性的管状构件 1015。取决于根据本发明的各种示例性实施方案,这样一种内移植物的远端(在图1和图2中未示出)可以是以下情况的任何或全部:顺应性的、弹性的、刚性的、装载支架的,或甚至复制近端。一个选择性地可调整的圆周组件1020被置于近端套头1010处。在圆周组件1020 的一个示例性实施方案中包含围合调整构件1025的圆周通道(仅用实线概略地指出)。调整构件1025通过围绕周界环绕并且分别通过延长或缩短来引起顺应性的近端套头1010的膨胀/收缩。调整构件1025 例如与控制装置1030进行相互作用,所述控制装置通过将旋转扭矩施加至从控制装置1030出现的调整工具1035的远端方面而可操作以导致圆周环1025的周长增大或减小。调整构件1025在圆周组件1020 的一个示例性实施方案中可以是与调整工具1035成一体的或者可以如在例如图10A中所示是可移除的。
在本发明中,这样一个调整构件1025可以采取多种形式。在根据本发明的一个示例性实施方案中,调整构件1025是被固定在是呈微柱体形式的控制装置1030的一端上的微螺纹缆线,并且调整工具 1035穿过微柱体1030的螺纹方面以便实现近端套头1010的周长变化。在调整工具1035上的向前强加的扭矩导致调整工具1035的膨胀。调整构件1025在其圆周范围内的膨胀具有使可密封的内移植物系统 1000的近端方面膨胀从而允许将可密封的内移植物系统1000精确地密封在受体血管如主动脉(在图1或图2中未示出)内的作用。相反地,在调整工具1035上的反向扭矩具有减小调整构件1025的圆周环的周长并且因此使可密封的内移植物系统1000的近端方面收缩,从而允许按照需要来重新定位的作用。在图1和图2中,调整工具1035可以穿过可密封的内移植物系统1000的管腔远端地延伸。可替代地,调整工具1035可以穿过在可密封的内移植物系统1000中提供的分开的管腔(在图1或图2中未示出)远端地延伸。
图3和图4A至图4C是根据本发明的进一步并入支架或网格结构1041(在另一个实施方案中,所述支架或网格结构可以是可压缩泡沫垫圈)的可密封内移植物系统1000的近端方面的又一个示例性实施方案的透视图。网格结构1041配备有网格间断1045以允许内移植物的近端方面的周长变化。这种网格间断1045可以采取如在图4B和图4C中所示的V形的形式或可以以另外的方式进行配置。如同在图 1和图2中,图3的可密封的内移植物系统1000也具有顺应性的近端套头1010,所述顺应性的近端套头如所示的围合末端网格结构1040并且还围合调整构件1025,所述调整构件环绕通过控制装置 1030,所述控制装置被提供以允许通过将旋转扭矩施加至从控制装置 1030出现的调整工具1035的远端方面来增大或减小例如调整构件 1025的圆周环的周长。图4A至图4C的进展示出了内移植物在图4A 中呈相对收缩的形式、在图4B中呈部分膨胀的形式、并且在图4C 中呈完全膨胀的形式。因为在图3和图4A中网格间断1045是闭合的,所以仅可以在图4B和图4C中看到所述网格间断。网格间断1045 的一个示例性构型可以是在膨胀的状态下伸展并且被附接至网格 1041上的编织材料,并且当允许减小时,编织材料抵抗屈曲。这种构型允许直径增大超过单独使用支架时移植物将允许的最大直径。
图5A示出呈微柱体锁定机构1050形式的控制装置1030的示例性实施方案。这个锁定机构1050通过调整工具1060从锁定状态变化成未锁定状态,所述调整工具包括具有键控套环部分1065的工具鞘 1062。调整工具1060在纵向和径向范围中均被固定至远程调整工具 1035上。图5A至图5C的进展示出了锁定机构1050是如何从锁定状态(其中禁止调整构件1025的调整)变化成未锁定状态(其中容许调整构件1025的调整),并且然后回到锁定状态的。
在解释状态之间的变化之前,进一步描述了锁定机构1050的示例性实施方案的构型。锁定机构1050的外部包括微柱体1052,所述微柱体具有一组圆周地间隔开的内部条痕1055。锁定机构1050被纵向地并且旋转地固定至近端套头1010上。一个引导弹头1070被接纳在中空的、内部有条痕的微柱体1052内。引导弹头1070具有在其中接纳(以螺纹的方式)调整构件1025的纵向螺纹镗孔。调整构件1025 完全横穿引导弹头1070的镗孔并且终止于键控区块1075中在引导弹头1070的远端,所述键控区块被旋转地固定至调整构件1025上。引导弹头1070具有至少两个向外径向延伸的相对的柔性尖齿1072,在自然状态下这两个柔性尖齿在一起具有大于锁定微柱体1052内径的直径(所述尖齿也可以是向外负载弹簧的)。尖齿1072具有被成形为适配在微柱体1052内对应形状的各条痕1055内的末端部分。正因如此,当尖齿1072被压缩并且引导弹头1070被放置在调整工具1025 在其内穿过的微柱体内时,尖齿1072向外挤压抵靠微柱体1052的内表面,并且当在所述微柱体中适当旋转时,尖齿1072各自锁定在条痕1055的各自相对的条痕内。在这样一种状态下,尖齿1072在不受约束时既形状符合地又力符合地锁定在内部条痕1055内。如果例如存在各自分开120度的三个尖齿1072,则尖齿1072将各自锁定在沿着微柱体1052的内表面也分开120度的条痕1055的相对应条痕内。尖齿1072抵靠微柱体1052的内表面的摩擦力强到足以防止引导弹头 1070纵向移动,即使键控区块1075旋转(除非尖齿1072从其抵靠微柱体内表面的锁定位置移除)。在这样一种构型中,微柱体1052和引导弹头1070在不仅没有对其施加特定的外部力而且没有将尖齿1072 从微柱体1052的内表面移除的情况下防止了调整构件1025的旋转。
因此,调整构件1025的旋转是用调整工具1060执行的。调整工具1060既提供了旋转键控区块1075的能力又提供了将尖齿1072从微柱体1052的内表面上分开的能力。为了执行这些功能,工具鞘1062 具有足够的圆柱长度以在尖齿1072与微柱体1052的内表面之间、在尖齿1072正接触内表面的任何地方滑动。正因如此,工具鞘1062的纵向长度可以、但并不一定必须与微柱体1052一样长。图5A示出在被远程调整工具1060对接之前的微柱体1052,其中引导弹头1070 处在锁定位置。当调整工具1060滑进微柱体1052时(如在图5A至图 5B的进展中所示),工具鞘1062的光滑内表面首先沿着尖齿的外表面滑动,并且然后沿着并经过尖齿1072的远端滑动,在这个时候尖齿1072不再接触微柱体1052的内表面。在图5B中微柱体锁定机构 1050和调整工具1060的取向现在允许使调整构件1025重新定位并且使引导弹头1070重新位于微柱体1052内。
键控套环部分1065具有远端锥形1067,所述远端锥形将工具鞘1062的外径向内减小至充当指导键控区块1075直接进入键控套环部分1065的径向中心的漏斗的这样一种程度。在套环部分1065的最近端是内部键1069,所述内部键具有对应于键控区块1075的外部圆周形状的内部圆周形状。正因如此,当调整工具1060插入到微柱体1052 中并且将尖齿1072从微柱体内表面上释放出时,工具鞘1062可以越过尖齿1072(无论如何它们可以在微柱体1052内部)足够远以容许键控区块1075沿着内部远端锥形1067滑动并且挤压抵靠键1069的内部镗孔。随着调整工具1060任一方式的略微旋转(通过旋转调整工具 1035),键控区块1075将以形式适合的方式陷入键1069的内部镗孔中,从而使使用者能够以与调整工具1035的任何旋转对应的方式旋转调整构件1025(经由键控区块1075)。
锁定机构1050被纵向地并且旋转地固定至圆周组件1020上,这样使得以第一方向旋转锁定机构1050导致圆周组件1020的收缩并且以相反方向旋转锁定机构1050导致圆周组件1020的膨胀。如在图 5B和图5C中可以看出,旋转键控区块1075以使引导弹头1070向键控区块1075推进。图5C示出在通过调整工具1060调整并且卸除微柱体锁定机构1050之后、具有调整工具1060的微柱体锁定机构1050,其中相对于微柱体1052,引导弹头1070固定重新定位并且调整构件 1025远端伸长。因为键控区块1075的最终位置距离微柱体1052更远,并且因为微柱体1052被固定至圆周组件1020的控制装置1030 上,所以调整构件1025的这种示例性移动表明圆周组件1020的直径减小。
设想了这种锁定机构的各种替代实施方案,其中许多单独零件相对于圆周组件1020、控制装置1030、锁定机构1050、和/或调整工具 1060零件的其它一些零件而固定或移动。在微柱体锁定机构1050的一个替代实施方案中,远程调整工具1060的套环部分1065可以包含通过在其中对尖齿1072进行可移除的固定而允许它捕获并转动引导弹头1070的内部条痕(类似于或不同于微柱体1052的条痕1055)(参见图6E)。在这样一种构型中,引导弹头1070可以被旋转地固定至调整构件1025上。
微柱体1052的内部条痕1055可以是凹槽、螺纹、棘爪、狭槽、或当如例如在图6A至图6G的截面中所进一步详细示出的释放尖齿 1072时足以允许捕获它们的其它表面特征。图6A是沿着图5A的微柱体1052和引导弹头1070的截面线A-A的截面,其中具有示例性三角形截面形状的尖齿1072被捕捉在具有示例性矩形截面形状的两个条痕1055内。图6B是沿着图5A的工具鞘1062的截面线B-B的截面,并且图示了工具鞘1062的相对光滑的外表面。图6C是沿着图5B的微柱体1052的截面线C-C的截面,其中未描绘出调整构件 1025。图6D是沿着图5B的微柱体1052、引导弹头1070、以及工具鞘1062的截面线D-D的截面,其中工具鞘1062捕获引导弹头1070 并且使尖齿1072坍塌,从而将尖齿1072从微柱体1052的条痕1055 中移除。
图6E示出锁定机构1050’的另一个示例性实施方案的变体的截面视图,其中调整工具鞘1062’也具有带示例性矩形截面形状的条痕 1055’。尖齿1072被图示为在工具鞘1062’的两个相对条痕1055’内膨胀。因为工具鞘1062’具有光滑的外部,所以工具鞘1062’可以在微柱体1052’内无摩擦地旋转。
图6F和图6G示出微柱体锁定机构1050”和调整工具1060”的示例性实施方案的又一个变体的截面视图。锁定机构1050”具有带条痕 1055”的微柱体1052”,所述条痕1055”具有示例性的三角形截面形状。调整工具鞘1062”具有光滑的外部和内部以便分别在微柱体1052”内滑动和可滑动地捕获尖齿1072”’。尖齿1072”在图6F中被图示为在微柱体1052”的两个相对三角形条痕1055”内膨胀,并且在图 6G中被捕获在工具鞘1062”内。
图7A和图7B示出根据本发明的用于调整工具1035的锁定机构 1110的一个示例性实施方案的纵向截面细节。图7A示出锁定机构1110,所述锁定机构包括呈卸除状态的可控捕捉件1115。图6B示出具有接合的可控捕捉机构1115的锁定机构1110。一旦调整构件捕捉1120在锁定机构的目标范围1117内,使用者就可以接合未图示的捕捉展开装置来捕获调整构件捕捉1120。
图8A至图8C示出根据本发明的微柱体锁定机构1150的再一个实施方案的细节,其中采用了长度不等的内部锁定尖齿1152、1154 以防止当远程调整工具1060脱离时扭矩增强而回旋。图8A示出在工具鞘1164接合微柱体锁定机构1150之前、包括微柱体1151和具有长度不等的内部锁定尖齿1152、1154的引导弹头1153的锁定机构 1150,以及相关联的具有工具鞘1164的调整工具1160。图8B示出图8A的与微柱体锁定机构1150接合以使尖齿1152、1154偏斜远离微柱体1151的内表面的工具鞘1164。图8C示出在调整已经发生并且工具鞘1164已经从微柱体1151中卸除之后的处在不同于图8A的锁定位置的微柱体锁定机构1150。
图9A和图9B示出根据本发明的内移植物的一些示例性实施方案的近末端方面的可加鞘的固位尖齿1130和可压缩的泡沫密封垫圈 1140的细节的两个方面。图9A是示出被在根据本发明的可密封内移植物系统1000的示例性近端方面中的膨胀的可压缩泡沫垫圈1040套上的可加鞘的固位尖齿1130的轴向截面。图9B是示出暴露并展开穿过置于根据本发明的示例性内移植物中的膨胀的近端套头1010上的可压缩泡沫密封垫圈1140的可加鞘的固位尖齿1130的透视图。在本发明的一些示例性实施方案中,调整构件1025对尖齿的垫板1145的直接压力可以用来使可加鞘的尖齿1130延伸穿过可压缩的泡沫垫圈 1040并进入受体血管壁内。在本发明的又其它的示例性实施方案中,调整构件1025的直接压力可以对未图示的垫板带施加力并且可以用来使可加鞘的尖齿1130延伸穿过可压缩的泡沫垫圈1040并进入受体血管壁内,所述垫板带可以被附接至或邻近尖齿1130的垫板1145。在本发明的某些示例性实施方案中,这种垫板带自身可以是可加鞘的尖齿1130的基座。在图9A和图9B中未示出,调整构件1025可以前进穿过孔眼、其它托架或可以以另外的方式可移动地连接至垫板 1145以便在调整构件环膨胀时维持相等的压力和所希望的取向。
在根据本发明的可密封的内移植物系统的各种实施方案中,可以以常规的方式在远端套头上使用可膨胀的网格部件来完成内移植物至动脉瘤囊远端的主动脉壁的附接,或可以采用本文所公开的可调整的、可密封的机构的变体来确立远端密封。远端密封受制于更低的压力要求,并且足够远端地主动脉颈的解剖约束通常比近端密封问题少。
图10至图13提供了根据本发明的内移植物植入物的另一个示例性实施方案的解剖视图,其中植入物是用于治疗腹主动脉瘤的通用近端套头血管内植入物。带有在本发明的各种实施方案中示出的特征的内移植物具有顺应解剖变异的独特能力,所述解剖变异将排除或损害常规的内移植物系统的用途。本发明的通用近端套头植入物允许操作者利用它们在常规内移植物不能牢固放置的解剖部位中牢固密封并且附接的能力,并且然后允许常规内移植物牢固地与通用近端套头血管内植入物远端对接。
本发明的通用近端套头血管内植入物可以配备有在本申请和并入的本文引用的共同待决的申请中公开的任何元件。这类元件包括但不限于:将不透射线的监测夹片组件附接在内移植物的外表面上以允许通过简单的射线照片对滑移或内漏形成进行植入后监测、用以容许将内移植物递送并且密封在解剖上成角的或不规则的部位中的可操纵的递送系统、和/或用于植入后主动脉重新塑造的自动顺应。
图10A是本发明的有待植入到主动脉中的示例性血管内通用接口套头1155的轴向截面视图,所述主动脉具有动脉瘤囊1170和主动脉壁1175。通用血管内接口套头1155已被定位成越过血管内导丝 1160到达主动脉瘤囊1170近端的所希望的受体部位A-A’。血管内通用接口套头1155进一步包括顺应性近端套头1010和刚性远端套头1200。图10B提供了图10A的示例性血管内接口套头1155在图10A 的A-A’水平处的横向截面视图。在图10A和图10B中,可压缩的泡沫垫圈1140未被压缩并且因此覆盖了固位尖齿1165。
在图10B中示出的示例性实施方案中,调整构件1025在圆周环中前进穿过被附接至一系列压缩垫板1185上的孔眼1180。除其它功能之外,压缩垫板1185还用来将膨胀的圆周环1035的取向维持在横向于主动脉管腔1190的平面中,并且当圆周组件膨胀时呈现与底层的主动脉壁1175相接触的更广泛的压力。压缩垫板1185可以邻靠固位尖齿1165、被附接至其上、或与其邻近,所述固位尖齿位移穿过被压缩的可压缩泡沫垫圈1140并且允许进入主动脉壁1175以用于总体装置稳定和固位。虽然示出了四个固位尖齿1165和垫板1185,但此实施方案仅仅是示例性的并且可以是任何数目。
图11A示出图10A的血管内通用接口套头1155的相同轴向截面视图,但是是在通用血管内接口套头1155已经膨胀以实现在主动脉壁1175中的密封之后。由于套头的膨胀,泡沫垫圈1140开始变得压缩,从而允许固位尖齿1165向外径向伸出以在主动脉瘤囊1170近端的所希望的受体部位A-A’中接合主动脉壁1175。在图11B中示出的示例性实施方案中,调整构件1025已经膨胀以使附接至垫板1185上的孔眼1180向外移动。显而易见的是,与在图10B中示出的状态相比,在图11B中示出的圆周组件1020的内部管腔大幅增加。在图11B 中,泡沫垫圈1140的压缩和固位尖齿1165对主动脉壁1175的接合形成了通用血管内接口套头1155与主动脉壁1175之间的坚固密封。
图12示出与图10A和图11A中的本发明的通用血管内接口套头 1155相同的轴向截面视图,但其中常规内移植物1300被递送至主动脉壁1175中,所述内移植物1300已被固定在通用血管内接口套头 1155的刚性远端套头1200内。内移植物1300可以包括可膨胀的网格1310。图13示出与图12的本发明的示例性通用血管内接口套头 1155相同的截面轴向视图,但是是在移除血管内导丝1160并且脱离且移除调整构件1025之后。这种移除和脱离可以通过释放机构1037 来执行。常规的内植入物的远端附接在图12和图13中未示出,但可以以用于常规的内移植物植入的、足以防止动脉瘤囊1170从远端主动脉或髂脉管回填的常用方式来完成。
如在图10A、图11A、图12和图13中所示,刚性远端套头1200 在其外部包括允许对滑移或内漏形成进行植入后监测的示例性不透辐射的监测夹片组件1225和/或用于植入后主动脉重新塑造的自动顺应。同样地,刚性远端套头1200可以配备有内部移植物固位尖齿1227,所述内部移植物固位尖齿加强了内移植物1300到刚性远端套头1200的内部的固定,而无泄漏。
如本文所描述的管状内移植物本体1005、近端套头1010、刚性远端套头1200、以及内移植物本体1300可以由固体的、编织的、非编织的、或网状材料构成,所述材料如但不限于:天然橡胶或合成橡胶;尼龙;弹性体;聚异戊二烯;聚磷腈;聚氨酯;乙烯塑料溶胶;丙烯酸聚酯;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-聚氨酯互聚物;丁二烯橡胶;苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶;橡胶格(rubber lattices); PTFE;可锻金属;其它生物相容性材料;或呈模制的、编织的、或非编织的构型的、涂布的、未涂布的这类生物相容性材料与具有适合的回弹性和柔韧性品质的其它聚合物或材料的组合。在根据本发明的某些示例性实施方案中,希望非弹性的管状构件1015和对应的结构是柔韧的以在不允许弹性的情况下允许折叠或可压缩性。在根据本发明的某些示例性实施方案中,希望顺应性近端套头1010和对应的结构具有弹性并且是可压缩或可折叠的。在任何给出的示例性实施方案中,非弹性的管状植入物本体1015、内移植物本体1300、顺应性近端套头1010、以及对应的结构可以由不同弹性的相同材料构成,或这些结构可以由不同的但相容的材料构成。
如本文和本发明的所有其它实施方案中所公开的调整构件1025、固位尖齿1130、1165、及微柱体1030以及其它机械部件可以由任何适合地强生物相容性的材料制造,所述材料包括但不限于:钛、不锈钢、钴铬合金、其它金属、其它金属合金、镍钛合金、塑料、或陶瓷。类似地,调整构件1025、固位尖齿1130、1165、及微柱体1030以及其它机械部件可以被碾磨、激光切削、钉有板条、模制、或挤出。
如本文所公开的可压缩的泡沫垫圈1140可以是具有拥有足够的可压缩性和回弹性以致于允许快速恢复呈非压缩状态的开孔式或闭孔式结构的任何生物相容性泡沫材料。在根据本发明的各种示例性实施方案中,这类泡沫材料可以是具有可压缩微孔材料的、具有弹性(弹簧样的)和粘性(时间相关的)这两者特性的粘弹性泡沫。粘弹性泡沫因具有时间相关的行为如蠕变、应力松弛、以及迟滞而不同于普通泡沫。
图14A和图14B示出根据本发明的呈两种不同状态的可密封内移植物系统2000的替代示例性实施方案。在图14A的视图中,铰接的网格结构2100被附接至内移植物本体2200的至少近端部分2210 的内表面或外表面上(在这些附图中“网格”仅是图解的并且不旨在暗示网格环惟一可能的数目是大于一)。网格结构2100或内移植物本体2200任一者可以配备有径向位移的固位尖齿2105,在近端部分 2210未扩张状态下,所述固位尖齿可以被覆盖在可压缩泡沫垫圈 2300内。在图14A中示出的实施方案中,内移植物本体2200的远端部分2220包括不可扩张的材料,并且内移植物本体2200的近端部分 2210是包括可扩张材料的顺应性套头,所述可扩张材料形成可密封内移植物系统2000的近末端方面并且将在其内的末端铰接的网格结构2100围合。
在图14A和图14B中示出的控制系统2400或起重螺杆被提供来使网格结构2100膨胀和收缩。具体来说,扭矩丝2410可以被固定在网格结构2100上的彼此纵向分开的两点2420、2430处。这个扭矩丝 2410具有对应于这两个点2420、2430之一的螺纹镗孔的外螺纹。因此,当扭矩丝2410旋转时,网格的两个点2420、2430彼此靠近(以使近端部分2210膨胀)或彼此后退(以使近端部分2210收缩),这给予所有邻近相连的网格元件以运动。优选的是使近端点2430被钻孔以便旋转,但要被纵向固定。在这种情况下,光滑钻孔的套环2440被固定至移植物2200的壁的(例如)网格结构2100的内表面远端上。当调整工具1035旋转时,扭矩丝2410对应地旋转以使内移植物2200 的近端部分2210膨胀或收缩。以此方式,与在解除径向向内的压缩时被动打开到其最大程度的自膨胀的现有技术支架结构(例如,由镍钛合金制成)相比,本发明的网格结构能够根据植入假体的使用者外科医生的希望而主动打开。正因如此,通过内移植物假体中现有技术的自膨胀支架结构而进行的打开在本文中被称为“被动的打开”或“被动的膨胀”。与之相比,通过用于所公开的内移植物假体的本发明的发明性可控的、铰接的网格结构而进行的膨胀在本文中被称为“主动的控制”或“主动的膨胀”,因为它可以根据使用者的希望而在膨胀和收缩两个方向上主动控制。这进一步与使用气囊的支架结构的膨胀形成对比,所述情况被称为“气囊打开”或“气囊膨胀”,因为它仅在一个方向(膨胀)上发生而没有任何主动收缩的能力。在图14A和图 14B中示出的起重螺杆的单个实施方案可以围绕网格结构2100的圆周重复任何次数。
在图14B示出的系统的构型的未图示的替代方案中,图10A至图11B中示出的构型可以被并入图14A和图14B的系统中以形成混杂系统。圆周组件1020可以被定位在内移植物的近端处,并且在近端套头1010内的圆周环1035的动作可以用来使网格2100膨胀和收缩。
图15A是根据本发明的可调整的血管插管1230的示例性实施方案的侧视图。如在图15A中所示,这样一个可调整的血管插管1230 是具有限定插管管腔1240的外部插管壁1235的总体管状的结构并且包括端口末端1245、插管本体1250、以及插管尖端1255。如在图15A 中进一步示出,插管本体1250在其外壁结构中、在插管尖端1255的接合处或附近进一步配备有递送凹陷1260。如在图15B中所示,图 15A的可调整的血管插管1230还进一步包括可调整的密封装置1265,所述可调整的密封装置被附接至调整构件1025,如延伸超过可调整的血管插管1230的端口末端1245的扭矩丝上。调整构件1025 可以前进穿过插管管腔1240、或它可以前进穿过插管壁1235内的大致上平行于插管管腔1240的辅助管腔(在图15A或图15B中未示出)、或它可以外部地前进至可调整的血管插管1230,如在图15B中所示部分在管腔1240之内并且部分在其之外。当如在图15B中所示呈未展开的状态时,可调整的密封装置1265在插管本体1250的递送凹陷 1260内与插管壁1235的外径大致上平齐。
图15C示出呈展开状态的可调整的密封装置1265,所述展开状态是由使用者对调整构件1025外部施加扭矩的结果。如在图15C中所示,可调整的密封装置1265进一步包括被由可扩张的材料构成的密封套头1275覆盖的铰接的可调整网格1270。调整构件1025终止于例如在密封套头1275内的圆周环1035中,在其中它可以进一步被可压缩的泡沫垫圈1140覆盖。调整构件1025可以进一步穿过如在本文其它地方所公开的锁定结构1050,所述锁定机构用来对施加至圆周环1035的扭矩进行调节。铰接的可调整网格1270可以进一步配备有一个或多个固位尖齿1130、1165,所述固位尖齿径向地从铰接的可调整网格1270的末端方面移开,并且在可调整的密封装置1265没有扩张时,所述固位尖齿被闭合在可压缩泡沫垫圈1140内并且被其覆盖。当使用者对调整构件1025施加扭矩时,圆周环1035的直径增加,从而如在图15C中所示使铰接的可调整网格1270移开直到可压缩泡沫垫圈1140和密封套头1275能够坚固地接合受体血管1175的内壁1190为止。这样,对调整构件1025施加稍微额外量的扭矩就足以使可压缩泡沫垫圈1140压缩并且允许固位尖齿1130、1165接合受体血管1175的壁1190,从而防止使用过程中插管滑移。在本发明的各种示例性实施方案中,可以按大致上直的方式或在从约1度变化至约179度的角度下提供固位尖齿1130、1165以接合脉管壁1190。在根据本发明的各种实施方案中,固位尖齿1130、1165可以是轴向或纵向成角度的。在完成插管的使用之后,可以将调整构件1025的扭矩反转,从而使可调整的密封装置1165坍塌并且允许可压缩的泡沫垫圈1140重新膨胀,因此使固位尖齿1165从脉管壁1175中抽出并且覆盖固位尖齿1165以容许无创伤的插管抽出。
虽然出于清楚和理解的目的通过图示和实例的方式相当详细地描述了本发明的以上实施方案,但是对于本领域技术人员而言将清楚的是可以在本发明的精神和范围内实践某些变化和修改。因此,本文提出的描述和实例不应当被解释为限制本发明的范围,本发明的特征在所附权利要求书中列举出。
以上描述和附图说明了本发明的原理、示例性实施方案、以及操作模式。然而,本发明不应当被解释为限制于以上讨论的具体实施方案。以上讨论的实施方案的另外改变将是本领域技术人员所理解的,并且以上描述的实施方案应当被认为是说明性的而不是限制性的。因此,应当理解本领域技术人员可以在不背离由以下权利要求书限定的本发明的范围的情况下作出那些实施方案的改变。
Claims (10)
1.一种外科植入物,其包括:
植入物本体;和
选择性地可调整组件,其附接至所述植入物本体,具有可调整的元件并且可操作以导致所述植入物本体的一部分的膨胀构型和收缩构型两者的变化,并且从而容许将所述植入物本体植入在解剖孔口内以便在正常的生理条件下在其中实现密封,所述植入物本体具有圆周地膨胀的套头;并且其中所述选择性地可调整组件包括可操作以使所述套头膨胀和收缩的调整构件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科植入物,其中所述植入物本体的部分是所述套头置于其处的近端部分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科植入物,其中:
所述植入物本体的该部分是近端部分;并且
所述可调整的元件包括:
圆周地膨胀的套头;和
调整构件,所述调整构件可操作以使所述套头圆周地膨胀并且允许所述植入物本体的至少所述近端部分精确密封在所述解剖孔口内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外科植入物,其中所述可调整的元件包括可操作以引导所述调整构件的控制装置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的外科植入物,其中所述控制装置包括被附接至所述套头的所述植入物本体远端上的套环。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外科植入物,其中:
所述调整构件具有螺纹;
所述套环具有对应的螺纹,所述套环的所述对应的螺纹与对应的所述调整构件的所述螺纹相互作用,以实现所述套头的周长变化。
7.根据权利要求3所述的外科植入物,其中所述圆周地膨胀的套头包括网格,所述网格被操作性地连接至所述调整构件以使所述网格圆周地膨胀和收缩。
8.根据权利要求7所述的外科植入物,其中所述调整构件包括起重螺杆,所述起重螺杆被操作性地连接至所述网格以使所述网格圆周地膨胀和收缩。
9.根据权利要求7所述的外科植入物,其中所述调整构件包括多个起重螺杆,所述起重螺杆被操作性地连接至所述网格以使所述网格圆周地膨胀和收缩。
10.根据权利要求7所述的外科植入物,其中:
所述网格具有一对调整点;并且
所述调整构件被可操作地连接至所述一对调整点以使所述网格圆周地膨胀和收缩。
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US9585743B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
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