CN107233902A - 一种空心花球状β‑Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种空心花球状β‑Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种空心花球状β‑Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料及其制备方法和应用,属于复合光催化材料的合成技术领域。本发明的技术方案要点为:该β‑Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料是由空心花球状β‑Bi2O3与原位生长于其上的BiOBr纳米片组成的平均粒径为2μm的空心花球状颗粒。本发明还具体公开了该空心花球状β‑Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的制备方法及其在光催化处理兰纳素红废水中的应用。本发明中所使用的原材料价廉易得,绿色环保,条件温和,适宜规模化生产,有望产生良好的社会和经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合光催化材料的合成技术领域,具体涉及一种空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
偶氮染料目前已成为应用最为广泛的一类染料,在生产和使用过程中会释放到环境中,难以自然降解,对人类和其它生物的健康构成极大的威胁。因此最近对降解偶氮染料技术的研究备受关注。利用光催化技术降解偶氮染料废水具有简单、低耗、高效、降解污染物彻底和无二次污染等优点,因此成为近期研究的热点。
Bi2O3是一种新型的铋系半导体光催化材料,具有较窄的带隙,Bi2O3主要有两种晶相,单斜相α-Bi2O3的带隙约为2.8eV,四方相β-Bi2O3的带隙约为2.4eV。因此β-Bi2O3具有很强的可见光响应能力,但是单独采用β-Bi2O3光催化剂存在两大缺陷:一是β-Bi2O3的光生空穴和电子复合几率较大;二是β-Bi2O3在反应过程中不稳定,在温度条件稍微改变的情况下会发生相的转变并导致生成其它产物。
BiOBr具有特殊的开放式层状结构、适中的能带结构以及间接跃迁模式,而使其电荷转移速率、氧化能力以及光生电子空穴对的分离效果均比较理想,具有良好的光催化活性和稳定性。BiOBr的带隙为2.8ev左右,与β-Bi2O3相比,可见光响应较差。
综上所述,将两种半导体复合成异质结构,可以综合利用两者的优点,且形成异质结构可以大大减小电子空穴对复合几率,其空心花球状结构也使其具有较大的比表面积,从而显著地提高光催化活性。目前,有文献报道过合成片状α-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结构,但是尚未有关于β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结的相关报道,特别是具有空心花球形貌的β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供了一种具有良好可见光催化活性的空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料及其制备方法,制得的空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料在光催化处理兰纳素红废水中具有较好的应用。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用如下技术方案:一种空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料,其特征在于:该β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料是由空心花球状β-Bi2O3与原位生长于其上的BiOBr纳米片组成的平均粒径为2μm的空心花球状颗粒。
本发明所述的空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
(1)空心花球状β-Bi2O3的制备,将Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于甘油和乙醇的混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀,将混合溶液转入反应釜中于150-170℃反应2-4h,然后自然冷却至室温,离心分离,用无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤数次后真空干燥,最后将产物以2-3℃/min的升温速率升温至270-300℃煅烧2-5h,待反应结束后降至室温即得到空心花球状β-Bi2O3;
(2)空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的制备,将空心花球状β-Bi2O3分散于水中,在搅拌的条件下加入HBr溶液,搅拌结束后将所得沉淀离心分离,洗涤,真空干燥即得到空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料。
进一步优选,步骤(1)中所述甘油和乙醇的混合溶液中甘油与乙醇的体积比为1:1,Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与乙醇的投料配比为2.91g:30mL。
进一步优选,步骤(2)中所述β-Bi2O3与HBr的摩尔比为3:2。
本发明所述的空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料在光催化处理兰纳素红废水中的应用。
本发明采用水热法与化学刻蚀法合成空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料,其具有较大的比表面积,能有效地利用可见光,形成异质结利于光生电子空穴对更好的分离,降解兰纳素红废水表现出优异的模拟太阳光光催化性能。本发明中所使用的原材料价廉易得,绿色环保,条件温和,适宜规模化生产,有望产生良好的社会和经济效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1制得的β-Bi2O3空心球和β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的FESEM图;
图2是本发明实施例1制得的β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的UV-Vis DRS图谱;
图3是本发明实施例1制得的β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的XRD图谱;
图4是本发明实施例1制得的β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料在模拟太阳光照射下对兰纳素红的紫外可见吸收光谱变化曲线。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明,但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
(1)空心花球状β-Bi2O3的合成
称取1.455g Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于15mL甘油和15mL乙醇的混合溶液中,搅拌40min,将混合溶液倒入50mL反应釜(内衬为聚四氟乙烯)中,在鼓风式恒温干燥箱中加热至160℃保持3h,将反应釜自然冷却至室温,得到的沉淀分别用无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤3次,于60℃真空干燥12h,最后将产物置于马弗炉中以2℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至270℃,并于270 ℃保持2h,然后冷却至室温得到空心花球状β-Bi2O3;
(2)空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的合成
称取0.4660g步骤(1)制备的空心花球状β-Bi2O3分散于50mL去离子水中并搅拌均匀,同时加入1.33mL摩尔浓度为0.5mol/L HBr溶液,于50℃搅拌30min后将沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤3次,并于80℃干燥6h制得空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料。
图1是本实施例制得的β-Bi2O3空心球和β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的FESEM图。由图可以看出样品是由片状BiOBr生长于β-Bi2O3空心球上组成的花球状异质结,直径约为2μm,从β-Bi2O3空心球剖开的电镜图可以看出样品为空心结构。
图2为本实施例制得的β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的UV-Vis DRS图谱。
图3是本实施例制得的β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的XRD图谱,图中可以发现,与JCPDS标准卡片(JCPDS 09-0393)对照,样品在0.99°、25.33°、32.29°、46.40°、57.27°处出现的衍射峰分别为四方相BiOBr(JCPDS 09-0393)的(001)、(101)、(110)、(222)、和晶面(212)衍射峰,余下的衍射峰均为β-Bi2O3(JCPDS 27-0050)的衍射峰,没有其他物质的特征峰出现,表明产物为β-Bi2O3/BiOBr复合物。
实施例2
β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料光催化降解兰纳素红:在HXSEI型光催化反应仪(开封市宏兴教科仪器厂)中进行,该反应仪器的中间放置500W的氙灯,作为光源,氙灯外部是石英冷却阱,内通循环冷却水。在光催化反应中,兰纳素红模拟废水的初始浓度为40mg/L,溶液体积为45mL,催化剂用量为45mg。在光催化反应前,将含光催化剂的兰纳素红悬浮液在超声波下分散5min,然后将石英管固定在光催化反应仪中。在黑暗条件下吸附30min达到物理吸附和脱附平衡,先打开冷却水,然后打开光源,待灯发光稳定后开始计时,每8min取一次样,所取样品体积约为3mL。将所取的样品溶液离心分离15min,取其上清液,测上清液中的吸光度,通过C/C0来判断兰纳素红的降解效果。其中,C0为吸附平衡后兰纳素红的浓度,C为反应时间t时兰纳素红的浓度。
图4是实施例1制得的β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料在模拟太阳光照射下降解兰纳素红的紫外可见吸收光谱变化曲线。由图可以看出,随着光催化反应时间的延长,兰纳素红在529nm处的最大吸收峰的强度逐渐减弱,说明合成的β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料对兰纳素红具有较好的光催化降解活性。
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点,本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料,其特征在于:该β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料是由空心花球状β-Bi2O3与原位生长于其上的BiOBr纳米片组成的平均粒径为2μm的空心花球状颗粒。
2.一种权利要求1所述的空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
(1)空心花球状β-Bi2O3的制备,将Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于甘油和乙醇的混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀,将混合溶液转入反应釜中于150-170℃反应2-4h,然后自然冷却至室温,离心分离,用无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤数次后真空干燥,最后将产物以2-3℃/min的升温速率升温至270-300℃煅烧2-5h,待反应结束后降至室温即得到空心花球状β-Bi2O3;
(2)空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的制备,将空心花球状β-Bi2O3分散于水中,在搅拌的条件下加入HBr溶液,搅拌结束后将所得沉淀离心分离,洗涤,真空干燥即得到空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述甘油和乙醇的混合溶液中甘油与乙醇的体积比为1:1,Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与乙醇的投料配比为2.91g:30mL。
4.根据权利要求2所述的空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述β-Bi2O3与HBr的摩尔比为3:2。
5.权利要求1所述的空心花球状β-Bi2O3/BiOBr异质结光催化材料在光催化处理兰纳素红废水中的应用。
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