CN107216119B - 德化建白瓷及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

德化建白瓷及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN107216119B
CN107216119B CN201710474607.7A CN201710474607A CN107216119B CN 107216119 B CN107216119 B CN 107216119B CN 201710474607 A CN201710474607 A CN 201710474607A CN 107216119 B CN107216119 B CN 107216119B
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dehua
ceramic whiteware
built
kiln
build
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CN107216119A (zh
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李双展
查婉华
林志辉
苏俊基
郑长龙
王小龙
李建民
曾福礼
王人杰
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Dehua Productivity Promotion Center
Ceramics Science & Technology Research Inst Quanzhou
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Ceramics Science & Technology Research Inst Quanzhou
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Abstract

本发明属于陶瓷制品领域，涉及一种德化建白瓷及制备工艺。本发明所制备的德化建白瓷，包括建白瓷坯体和建白釉料，建白瓷坯体选用德化高岭土、低温粘土、低温石、仙游钾长石、滑石、石英、膨润土配比制成，建白釉料选用低温石、石英、石灰石、硅酸铝、滑石、德化高岭土配比制成。本发明提供的德化建白瓷，精选储量大、价格低的原料作为建白瓷坯体和建白釉料的原料，并对原料的化学组分进行严格的把控，提高透明度和致密度，经过测定，白度在70‑78度，密度2.5克/厘米3，吸水率低于0.1％，透光度大于18％(1毫米厚)，瓷质具有与传统的德化建白瓷最为接近的艺术效果。

Description

德化建白瓷及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷制品领域，具体地说，本发明涉及一种德化建白瓷及制备工艺。
背景技术
德化建白瓷，古称白建、象牙白。萌芽于宋元，弛誉于明代，延制于清初。瓷色白中闪黄，宛如象牙，同时又因烧成不同温度、气氛、保温等条件的影响，产生纯白如乳，白中闪红等多种瓷色，而国内外根据其不同瓷质釉色，分别赋予猪油白、乳油白、奶油白、珍珠白、天鹅绒白、虾须白等雅称。建白瓷质纯洁细腻致密，釉色优美柔和，整体滑腻若脂，温润似玉，莹明如镜，凝重典雅，享有“国际瓷坛明珠”的殊誉，并被推为中国白瓷的代表，称为“中国白”。清代中期烧制技术失传，至1965年，福建省陶瓷研究所在德化瓷厂试制基础上，研究恢复成功，由德化瓷厂正式投产，并改为今名“建白瓷”。
建白瓷历来大多应用于瓷观音等瓷雕艺术瓷和花瓶、香炉等陈设瓷，先后被选为国家礼品瓷，人民大会堂、钓鱼台国宾馆用瓷。虽然建白瓷具有先民的艺术特点，但由于建白瓷的原料价格高、优品率低，导致普及和推广受到制约，尤其是随着近年来优质原料的日益减少，建白瓷的产量逐年降低，通过对陶瓷原料控制和烧成工艺上的改良是传承和推广传统德化建白瓷的必要手段，在改良的过程中必须最大限度的保证经改良所生产出的瓷器与传统的德化建白瓷具有最为接近的艺术效果，同时降低建白瓷的成本、提高烧成率，在改良的过程中对原料的选择和烧制工艺的控制是必须解决的技术难题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，提供一种与传统德化白瓷的效果最为接近的陶瓷制品。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种德化建白瓷，包括德化建白瓷，其特征在于，包括建白瓷坯体和建白釉料，
所述建白瓷坯体，其重量百分比如下：德化高岭土25-30％、低温粘土20-25％、低温石15-20％、仙游钾长石10-15％、滑石1-5％、石英10-15％、膨润土1-5％；
且坯体配方化学成分如下：K2O 5-6％、Na2O 1.5-2％、MgO 1-2％、Al2O3.24-25％、Fe2O3 0.1-0.2％、SiO2 62-63％、I.L 5.0-5.5％；
所述建白釉料，其重量百分比如下：低温石40-45％、石英25-30％、石灰石10-15％、硅酸铝10-15％、滑石1-5％、德化高岭土1-5％。
优化的，建白瓷坯体，其重量百分比如下：德化高岭土28％、低温粘土20％、低温石15％、仙游钾长石15％、滑石4％、石英15％、膨润土3％，所述坯体配方化学成份：K2O 5％、Na2O 1.5％、MgO 1.2％、Al2O3.24.1％、Fe2O3 0.1％、SiO2 63％、I.L 5.1％。
优化的，建白釉料，其化学成份如下：K2O 3-4％、Na2O 1.5-2％、CaO 7.1-7.5％、MgO 0.5-7％、Fe2O3 0.1-0.2％、Al2O3 11.6-12％、ZrO2 5-7％、SiO2 62-63％、I.L 8.0-8.4％
优化的，建白釉料，其重量百分比如下：德化低温石40％、德化石英30％、德化石灰石13％、硅酸铝10％、滑石2％、德化高岭土5％。
优化的，建白釉料，化学成份如下：K2O 3.8％、Na2O 1.6％、CaO 7.3％、MgO 0.5％、Fe2O3 0.1％、Al2O3 11.6％、ZrO2 5％、SiO2 62％、I.L 8.1％。
德化建白瓷的制备工艺，制备上述的德化建白瓷，具体步骤如下：
步骤1，按坯体、釉料原料配方称重配料，制成建白瓷坯体原料和建白釉料原料；
步骤2，使用步骤1制得的建白瓷坯体原料制成建白瓷坯体；
步骤3，在建白瓷坯体表面施建白釉料；
步骤4，将上有建白釉料的建白瓷坯体干燥后放入窑炉中，经四段变温控制烧成，烧成温度为1300-1330℃，且烧成控制如下：
低温阶段：窑炉内由常温升至300℃，烧窑时间1-2小时；
分解氧化阶段：窑炉内升温至950℃，烧窑时间3-5小时；
高温烧结阶段：窑炉内升温至1200℃，烧窑时间2-4小时；
高火保温阶段：窑炉内升温至烧结温度，烧窑时间1-2小时；
自然冷却阶段：窑炉内冷却至60-30℃，冷却时间延长至8小时以上。
进一步的，低温阶段至高火保温阶段的烧窑时间综合为10小时。
进一步的，制备出的德化建白瓷白度70-78、密度2.5克/厘米3、透光度大于18％、吸水率低于0.1％。
由上述对本发明的描述可知，本发明提供的德化建白瓷，精选储量大、价格低的原料作为建白瓷坯体和建白釉料的原料，并对原料的化学成分进行严格的把控，当烧成温度超过1200℃时，建白瓷坯体的液相量大量增加，促使莫来石再结晶成针晶，同时建白釉料液相粘性流动能填充坯内孔隙，提高透明度和致密度，经过测定，白度在70-78度，密度2.5克/厘米3，吸水率低于0.1％，透光度大于18％(1毫米厚)，瓷质具有与传统的德化建白瓷最为接近的艺术效果。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
德化建白瓷，包括建白瓷坯体和建白釉料，
建白瓷坯体，其重量百分比如下：德化高岭土25-30％、低温粘土20-25％、低温石15-20％、仙游钾长石10-15％、滑石1-5％、石英10-15％、膨润土1-5％；且坯体配方化学成分如下：K2O 5-6％、Na2O 1.5-2％、MgO 1-2％、Al2O3.24-25％、Fe2O3 0.1-0.2％、SiO2 62-63％、I.L 5.0-5.5％；
建白釉料，其重量百分比如下：低温石40-45％、石英25-30％、石灰石10-15％、硅酸铝10-15％、滑石1-5％、德化高岭土1-5％；且其化学成份如下：K2O 3-4％、Na2O 1.5-2％、CaO 7.1-7.5％、MgO 0.5-7％、Fe2O3 0.1-0.2％、Al2O3 11.6-12％、ZrO2 5-7％、SiO2 62-63％、I.L 8.0-8.4％。
具体实施例一：
建白瓷坯体，其重量百分比如下：德化高岭土28％、低温粘土20％、低温石15％、仙游钾长石15％、滑石4％、石英15％、膨润土3％，所述坯体配方化学成份：K2O 5％、Na2O1.5％、MgO 1.2％、Al2O3.24.1％、Fe2O3 0.1％、SiO2 63％、I.L 5.1％；
建白釉料，其重量百分比如下：德化低温石40％、德化石英30％、德化石灰石13％、硅酸铝10％、滑石2％、德化高岭土5％，建白釉料，化学成份如下：K2O 3.8％、Na2O 1.6％、CaO 7.3％、MgO 0.5％、Fe2O3 0.1％、Al2O 11.6％、ZrO2 5％、SiO2 62％、I.L 8.1％。
德化建白瓷的制备工艺，具体步骤如下：
按坯体、釉料原料配方称重配料，制成建白瓷坯体原料和建白釉料原料；
步骤2，使用步骤1制得的建白瓷坯体原料制成建白瓷坯体；
步骤3，在建白瓷坯体表面施建白釉料；
步骤4，将上有建白釉料的建白瓷坯体干燥后放入窑炉中，经四段变温控制烧成，烧成温度为1330℃，且烧成控制如下：
低温阶段：窑炉内由常温升至300℃，烧窑时间1小时；
分解氧化阶段：窑炉内升温至950℃，烧窑时间4小时；
高温烧结阶段：窑炉内升温至1200℃，烧窑时间3小时；
高火保温阶段：窑炉内升温至烧结温度，烧窑时间2小时；
自然冷却阶段：窑炉内冷却至60-30℃，冷却时间延长至8小时以上。
具体实施例二：
建白瓷坯体，其重量百分比如下：德化高岭土30％、低温粘土23％、低温石17％、仙游钾长石12％、滑石3％、石英11％、膨润土4％；且坯体配方化学成分如下：K2O 5.6％、Na2O1.3％、MgO 1.2％、Al2O3.24％、Fe2O3 0.2％、SiO2 62.2％、I.L 5.5％；
建白釉料，其重量百分比如下：建白釉料，其重量百分比如下：低温石41％、石英28％、石灰石12％、硅酸铝13％、滑石4％、德化高岭土2％；且其化学成份如下：K2O 3.1％、Na2O 1.8％、CaO 7.2％、MgO 0.6％、Fe2O3 0.1％、Al2O3 11.8％、ZrO2 5.2％、SiO2 62.2％、I.L 8％。
德化建白瓷的制备工艺，具体步骤如下：
按坯体、釉料原料配方称重配料，制成建白瓷坯体原料和建白釉料原料；
步骤2，使用步骤1制得的建白瓷坯体原料制成建白瓷坯体；
步骤3，在建白瓷坯体表面施建白釉料；
步骤4，将上有建白釉料的建白瓷坯体干燥后放入窑炉中，经四段变温控制烧成，烧成温度为1330℃，且烧成控制如下：
低温阶段：窑炉内由常温升至300℃，窑时间2小时；
分解氧化阶段：窑炉内升温至950℃，烧窑时间5小时；
高温烧结阶段：窑炉内升温至1200℃，烧窑时间2小时；
高火保温阶段：窑炉内升温至烧结温度，烧窑时间1小时；
自然冷却阶段：窑炉内冷却至60-30℃，冷却时间延长至8小时以上。
具体实施例一、二的制备的德化建白瓷，精选储量大、价格低的原料作为建白瓷坯体和建白釉料的原料，并对原料的化学成分进行严格的把控，当烧成温度超过1200℃时，建白瓷坯体的液相量大量增加，促使莫来石再结晶成针晶，同时建白釉料液相粘性流动能填充坯内孔隙，提高透明度和致密度，经过测定，白度在70-78度，密度2.5克/厘米3，吸水率低于0.1％，透光度大于18％(1毫米厚)，瓷质具有与传统的德化建白瓷最为接近的艺术效果。
上述仅为本发明的几个具体实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。

Claims (7)

1.德化建白瓷的制备工艺，其特征在于，德化建白瓷包括建白瓷坯体和建白釉料，所述建白瓷坯体，其重量百分比如下：德化高岭土25-30％、低温粘土20-25％、低温石15-20％、仙游钾长石10-15％、滑石1-5％、石英10-15％、膨润土1-5％；
且坯体配方化学成分如下：K2O 5-6％、Na2O 1.5-2％、MgO 1-2％、Al2O324-25％、Fe2O30.1-0.2％、SiO2 62-63％、I.L 5.0-5.5％；
所述建白釉料，其重量百分比如下：低温石40-45％、石英25-30％、石灰石10-15％、硅酸铝10-15％、滑石1-5％、德化高岭土1-5％；
制备工艺具体步骤如下：
步骤1，按坯体、釉料原料配方称重配料，制成建白瓷坯体原料和建白釉料原料；
步骤2，使用步骤1制得的建白瓷坯体原料制成建白瓷坯体；
步骤3，在建白瓷坯体表面施建白釉料；
步骤4，将上有建白釉料的建白瓷坯体干燥后放入窑炉中，经四段变温控制烧成，烧成温度为1300-1330℃，且烧成控制如下：
低温阶段：窑炉内由常温升至300℃，烧窑时间1-2小时；
分解氧化阶段：窑炉内升温至950℃，烧窑时间3-5小时；
高温烧结阶段：窑炉内升温至1200℃，烧窑时间2-4小时；
高火保温阶段：窑炉内升温至烧结温度，烧窑时间1-2小时；
自然冷却阶段：窑炉内冷却至60-30℃，冷却时间延长至8小时以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的德化建白瓷的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述建白瓷坯体，其重量百分比如下：德化高岭土28％、低温粘土20％、低温石15％、仙游钾长石15％、滑石4％、石英15％、膨润土3％，所述坯体配方化学成份：K2O 5％、Na2O 1.5％、MgO 1.2％、Al2O324.1％、Fe2O3 0.1％、SiO2 63％、I.L 5.1％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的德化建白瓷的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述建白釉料，其化学成份如下：K2O 3-4％、Na2O 1.5-2％、CaO 7.1-7.5％、MgO 0.5-7％、Fe2O3 0.1-0.2％、Al2O311.6-12％、ZrO2 5-7％、SiO2 62-63％、I.L 8.0-8.4％。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的德化建白瓷的制备工艺，其特征在于：建白釉料，其重量百分比如下：德化低温石40％、德化石英30％、德化石灰石13％、硅酸铝10％、滑石2％、德化高岭土5％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的德化建白瓷的制备工艺，其特征在于：建白釉料，化学成份如下：K2O 3.8％、Na2O 1.6％、CaO 7.3％、MgO 0.5％、Fe2O3 0.1％、Al2O3 11.6％、ZrO2 5％、SiO2 62％、I.L 8.1％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的德化建白瓷的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述低温阶段至高火保温阶段的烧窑时间综合为10小时。
7.根据权利要求1所述的德化建白瓷的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述制备出的德化建白瓷白度70-78、密度2.5克/厘米3、1毫米厚透光度大于18％、吸水率低于0.1％。
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