CN107298575B - 德化高白瓷及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

德化高白瓷及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN107298575B
CN107298575B CN201710474262.5A CN201710474262A CN107298575B CN 107298575 B CN107298575 B CN 107298575B CN 201710474262 A CN201710474262 A CN 201710474262A CN 107298575 B CN107298575 B CN 107298575B
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李双展
王小龙
林志辉
苏俊基
郑长龙
李建民
查婉华
曾福礼
王人杰
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Dehua Productivity Promotion Center
Ceramics Science & Technology Research Inst Quanzhou
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Abstract

本发明属于陶瓷制品领域,具体地说,本发明涉及一种德化高白瓷及制备工艺。本发明所制备的德化高白瓷,包括高白瓷坯体和高透明釉料,高白瓷坯体选用德化高岭土、粘土,钾长石,石英配比制成,高透明釉料选用钾长石、石英、石灰石、德化高岭土配比制成,并对各原料的化学组分进行严格的把控,采用四阶段法高温还原烧成,使得瓷达到高白。经过测定,本发明制备的德化高白瓷白度在85‑90度,密度2.5克/厘米,吸水率低于0.05%,透光度大于20%(1毫米厚),瓷质细腻、致密、高透明、高白度,具有与传统的德化高白瓷最为接近的艺术效果,对保护和传承传统德化高白瓷效果的陶瓷器具有积极的意义。

Description

德化高白瓷及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷制品领域,具体地说,本发明涉及一种德化高白瓷及制备工艺。
背景技术
白瓷是中国传统瓷器分类(青瓷,青花瓷,彩瓷,白瓷)的一种。以含铁量低的瓷坯,施以纯净的透明釉烧制而成。釉料中没有或只有极微量的呈色剂,生坯挂釉,入窑经过高温火焰烧成的素白瓷器。
高白瓷亦称高级白度瓷,与建白瓷、艺术瓷雕合称德化瓷中的三朵金花。传统的德化高白瓷系采选本地优质高岭土的原材料,经精加工配制,以高温还原烧成,瓷质釉色纯净细腻,高洁无瑕,雪白高雅,冰肌玉骨,犹如雪冻霜凝。随着德化本地优质原料已经枯竭,而且传统烧制技艺所烧制出的德化高白瓷稳定性低、烧成率低,进一步导致了德化高白瓷的工业化程度低,保护和传承传统德化高白瓷效果的陶瓷器具有积极的意义。
通过对陶瓷原料控制和烧成工艺上的改良是保护和传承传统德化高白瓷的必要手段,在改良的过程中必须最大限度的保证经改良所生产出的瓷器与传统的德化高白瓷具有最为接近的艺术效果,因此在陶瓷原料和烧成工艺上的控制是必须解决的技术难题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,提供一种与传统德化白瓷的效果最为接近的陶瓷制品。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种德化高白瓷,包括高白瓷坯体和高透明釉料,所述高白瓷坯体,其重量百分比如下:德化高岭土35-40%、粘土10-15%,钾长石20-30%,石英20-25%,且坯体配方化学组分如下:K2O 3-4%、Na2O 0.5-1%、Al2O3 26-27%,,Fe2O30.1-0.2%、SiO2 63.5-64.5%、I.L 6.1-6.4;所述高透明釉料,其重量百分比如下:钾长石35-40%、石英40-45%、石灰石10-15%、德化高岭土1-5%。
优化的,高白瓷坯体,其重量百分比如下:德化高岭土40%、粘土10%,钾长石30%,石英20%,所述坯体配方化学成份:K2O 3.1%、Na2O 0.9%、Al2O3 26%、Fe2O3 0.1%、SiO2 63.5%、I.L 6.4%。
优化的,高透明釉料,化学成份如下:K2O 4.5-5.5%、Na2O 0.5-1%、CaO 6.5-6.8%、Al2O3 12-13%、Fe2O3 0.1-0.2%、SiO2 67-69%、I.L 7.0-7.5%。
优化的,高透明釉料,其重量百分比如下:钾长石40%,石英43%,石灰石12%,德化高岭土5%。
优化的,高透明釉料,化学成份如下:K2O 4.5%、Na2O 1%、CaO 6.5%、Al2O312.5%、Fe2O3 0.1%、SiO2 68%、I.L 7.4%。
德化高白瓷的制备工艺,制备上述德化高白瓷,具体步骤如下:
步骤1,按坯体、釉料原料配方称重配料,制成高白瓷坯体原料和高透明釉料原料;
步骤2,使用步骤1制得的高白瓷坯体原料制成高白瓷坯体;
步骤3,在高白瓷坯体表面施高透明釉料;
步骤4,将上有高透明釉料的高白瓷坯体干燥后放入窑炉中,经四段变温控制烧成,烧成温度为1365-1380℃,且烧成控制如下:
低温阶段:窑炉内由常温升至300℃,烧窑时间1-2小时;
分解氧化阶段:窑炉内升温至950℃,烧窑时间4-5小时;
高温还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1350℃,炉内采用还原气氛,炉内空气中的CO含量为2-7%,烧窑时间4-6小时;
高火深温阶段:窑炉内升温至1360℃-1380℃,中性气氛,烧窑时间1-2个小时。
进一步的,高温还原阶段分为高温强还原阶段和高温弱还原阶段,
高温强还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1250℃,炉内采用强还原气氛,炉内空气中的CO含量为5-7%;
高温弱还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1350℃,炉内采用弱还原气氛,炉内空气中的CO含量2-4%。
进一步的,高温强还原阶段的烧窑时间长于高温弱还原阶段的烧窑时间。
由上述对本发明的描述可知,本发明提供的德化高白瓷及其制作方法,具体实施例一、二的制备的德化高白瓷,精选高白瓷坯体和高透明釉料的原料,并对原料的化学组分进行严格的把控,采用四阶段法高温还原烧成,当温度达到1000℃,Fe2O3+CO→2FeO+CO2↑,使得瓷达到高白。经过测定,白度在85-90度,密度2.5克/厘米,吸水率低于0.05%,透光度大于20%(1毫米厚),瓷质细腻、致密、高透明、高白度,具有与传统的德化高白瓷最为接近的艺术效果,对保护和传承传统德化高白瓷效果的陶瓷器具有积极的意义。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
德化高白瓷,其特征在于,包括高白瓷坯体和高透明釉料,
高白瓷坯体,其重量百分比如下:德化高岭土35-40%、粘土10-15%,钾长石20-30%,石英20-25%,且坯体配方化学组分如下:K2O 3-4%、Na2O 0.5-1%、Al2O3 26-27%,,Fe2O3 0.1-0.2%、SiO2 63.5-64.5%、I.L 6.1-6.4;
高透明釉料,其重量百分比如下:钾长石35-40%、石英40-45%、石灰石10-15%、德化高岭土1-5%,且高透明釉料,化学成份如下:K2O 4.5-5.5%、Na2O 0.5-1%、CaO 6.5-6.8%、Al2O3 12-13%、Fe2O3 0.1-0.2%、SiO2 67-69%、I.L 7.0-7.5%。
具体实施例一:
高白瓷坯体,其重量百分比如下:德化高岭土40%、粘土10%,钾长石30%,石英20%,所述坯体配方化学成份:K2O 3.1%、Na2O 0.9%、Al2O3 26%、Fe2O3 0.1%、SiO263.5%、I.L 6.4%;
高透明釉料,其重量百分比如下:钾长石40%,石英43%,石灰石12%,德化高岭土5%,高透明釉料,化学成份如下:K2O 4.5%、Na2O 1%、CaO 6.5%、Al2O3 12.5%、Fe2O30.1%、SiO2 68%、I.L 7.4%。
德化高白瓷的制备工艺,具体步骤如下:
步骤1,按坯体、釉料原料配方称重配料,制成高白瓷坯体原料和高透明釉料原料;
步骤2,使用步骤1制得的高白瓷坯体原料制成高白瓷坯体;
步骤3,在高白瓷坯体表面施高透明釉料;
步骤4,将上有高透明釉料的高白瓷坯体干燥后放入窑炉中,经四段变温控制烧成,烧成温度为1380℃,且烧成控制如下:
低温阶段:窑炉内由常温升至300℃,烧窑时间1小时;
分解氧化阶段:窑炉内升温至950℃,烧窑时间5小时;
高温强还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1250℃,炉内采用强还原气氛,炉内空气中的CO含量为5%,烧窑时间3小时;
高温弱还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1350℃,炉内采用弱还原气氛,炉内空气中的CO含量2%,烧窑时间1小时;
高火深温阶段:窑炉内升温至1380℃,中性气氛,烧窑时间2个小时。具体实施例二:
高白瓷坯体,其重量百分比如下:德化高岭土38%、粘土12%,钾长石26%,石英24%,且坯体配方化学组分如下:K2O 3%、Na2O 0.7%、Al2O3 26.4%,,Fe2O3 0.2%、SiO263.6%、I.L 6.1%;
高透明釉料,其重量百分比如下:钾长石36%、石英44%、石灰石15%、德化高岭土5%,且高透明釉料,化学成份如下:K2O 4.5-5.5%、Na2O 0.5-1%、CaO 6.5-6.8%、Al2O312-13%、Fe2O3 0.1-0.2%、SiO2 67-69%、I.L 7.0-7.5%。
上述德化高白瓷的制备工艺,具体步骤如下:
德化高白瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于,制备权利要求1-5所述的德化高白瓷,具体步骤如下:
步骤1,按坯体、釉料原料配方称重配料,制成高白瓷坯体原料和高透明釉料原料;
步骤2,使用步骤1制得的高白瓷坯体原料制成高白瓷坯体;
步骤3,在高白瓷坯体表面施高透明釉料;
步骤4,将上有高透明釉料的高白瓷坯体干燥后放入窑炉中,经四段变温控制烧成,烧成温度为1375℃,且烧成控制如下:
低温阶段:窑炉内由常温升至300℃,烧窑时间1.5小时;
分解氧化阶段:窑炉内升温至950℃,烧窑时间4小时;
高温还原阶段:高温强还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1260℃,炉内采用强还原气氛,炉内空气中的CO含量为6%,烧窑时间6小时;
高温弱还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1350℃,炉内采用弱还原气氛,炉内空气中的CO含量3%;
高火深温阶段:窑炉内升温至1375℃,中性气氛,烧窑时间2个小时。
具体实施例一、二的制备的德化高白瓷,精选高白瓷坯体和高透明釉料的原料,并对原料的化学组分进行严格的把控,采用四阶段法高温还原烧成,当温度达到1000℃,Fe2O3+CO→2FeO+CO2↑,使得瓷达到高白,经过测定,白度在85-90度,密度2.5克/厘米,吸水率低于0.05%,透光度大于20%(1毫米厚),瓷质细腻、致密、高透明、高白度,具有与传统的德化高白瓷最为接近的艺术效果。
上述仅为本发明的几个具体实施方式,但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。

Claims (5)

1.德化高白瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于,德化高白瓷包括高白瓷坯体和高透明釉料,
所述高白瓷坯体,其重量百分比如下:德化高岭土35-40%、粘土10-15%,钾长石20-30%,石英20-25%,
且坯体配方化学组分如下:K2O 3-4%、Na2O 0.5-1%、Al2O3 26-27%,Fe2O3 0.1-0.2%、SiO2 63.5-64.5%、I.L 6.1-6.4%;
所述高透明釉料,其重量百分比如下:钾长石35-40%、石英40-45%、石灰石10-15%、德化高岭土1-5%;
高透明釉料,化学成份如下:K2O 3-5%、Na2O 1-5%、CaO 5-7%、Al2O3 12-15%、Fe2O30.1-0.5%、SiO2 65-70%、I.L 7-8%;
具体步骤如下:
步骤1,按坯体、釉料原料配方称重配料,制成高白瓷坯体原料和高透明釉料原料;
步骤2,使用步骤1制得的高白瓷坯体原料制成高白瓷坯体;
步骤3,在高白瓷坯体表面施高透明釉料;
步骤4,将上有高透明釉料的高白瓷坯体干燥后放入窑炉中,经四段变温控制烧成,烧成温度为1365-1380℃,且烧成控制如下:
低温阶段:窑炉内由常温升至300℃,烧窑时间1-2小时;
分解氧化阶段:窑炉内升温至950℃,烧窑时间4-5小时;
高温还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1350℃,炉内采用还原气氛,炉内空气中的CO含量为2-7%,烧窑时间4-6小时;
高火深温阶段:窑炉内升温至1360℃-1380℃,中性气氛,烧窑时间1-2个小时;
所述高温还原阶段分为高温强还原阶段和高温弱还原阶段,
高温强还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1250℃,炉内采用强还原气氛,炉内空气中的CO含量为5-7%;
高温弱还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1350℃,炉内采用弱还原气氛,炉内空气中的CO含量2-4%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的德化高白瓷制备工艺,其特征在于,所述高白瓷坯体,其重量百分比如下:德化高岭土40%、粘土10%,钾长石30%,石英20%,所述坯体配方化学成份:K2O 3.1%、Na2O 0.9%、Al2O3 26%、Fe2O3 0.1%、SiO2 63.5%、I.L 6.4%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的德化高白瓷制备工艺,其特征在于:高透明釉料,其重量百分比如下:钾长石40%,石英43%,石灰石12%,德化高岭土5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的德化高白瓷制备工艺,其特征在于:高透明釉料,化学成份如下:K2O 4.5%、Na2O 1%、CaO 6.5%、Al2O3 12.5%、Fe2O3 0.1%、SiO2 68%、I.L 7.4%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的德化高白瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述高温强还原阶段的烧窑时间长于高温弱还原阶段的烧窑时间。
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