CN111995382B - 一种羊脂玉陶瓷砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种羊脂玉陶瓷砖及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111995382B CN111995382B CN202010858701.4A CN202010858701A CN111995382B CN 111995382 B CN111995382 B CN 111995382B CN 202010858701 A CN202010858701 A CN 202010858701A CN 111995382 B CN111995382 B CN 111995382B
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- jade
- mutton tallow
- tallow jade
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- ceramic tile
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- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052904 quartz Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- NTGONJLAOZZDJO-UHFFFAOYSA-M disodium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Na+] NTGONJLAOZZDJO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229940039717 Lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052656 albite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000003298 Dental Enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002087 whitening Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005328 architectural glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 silicon potassium Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000160 (ribonucleotides)n+m Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OXOBKZZXZVFOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Diphenylmethylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 OXOBKZZXZVFOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283898 Ovis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004301 light adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开一种羊脂玉陶瓷砖及其制备方法。所述制备方法包括以下步骤:制备羊脂玉坯体,所述羊脂玉坯体的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:42.0~50.0%,针状透光高岭土:37.0~43.0%,熔融石英砂:7.0~21.0%;在羊脂玉坯体上喷墨打印设计图案;在喷墨打印设计图案后的羊脂玉坯体上施羊脂玉保护釉并烧成,得到所述羊脂玉陶瓷砖;所述羊脂玉保护釉的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:35.0~45.0%,针状透光高岭土20.0~30.0%,熔融石英12.0~18.0%,刚玉:4.0~6.0%,碳酸钡:6.0~8.0%,氧化锌:1.0~3.0%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含羊脂玉坯体、喷墨打印图案和羊脂玉保护釉的陶瓷砖及其制备方法,属于陶瓷砖生产制造技术领域。
背景技术
羊脂玉瓷是兴盛于唐朝的一种哑光瓷器,起源于德化。因当时德化四邻盛产含铁、钛量低、钾含量高的软质瓷土,以这种软质瓷土为原料烧制而成的器具,质地滋润,细腻柔和,且表面具有油脂光泽,在阳光照射下呈半透明猪油状,隐现淡红或者乳白色泽,故得名羊脂玉瓷,又称“羊脂白玉”。高温烧成的羊脂玉瓷莫氏硬度为6~6.5,并具有较高的耐磨性。但是德化这种软质瓷土的原料储存量有限,且羊脂玉瓷的烧成温度高达1300~1400℃,烧成时间较长,导致羊脂玉瓷的应用主要限制在日用瓷和工艺美术瓷等高档瓷方面,而在建筑陶瓷砖方面的应用极少。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供一种羊脂玉陶瓷砖及其制备方法,通过引入非晶相的熔融石英砂,同时增加碱金属熔剂的含量,尤其是增加配方中K2O的含量,将羊脂玉瓷的烧成温度降低至1160~1200℃的温度范围内。
第一方面,本发明提供一种羊脂玉陶瓷砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
制备羊脂玉坯体,所述羊脂玉坯体的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:42.0~50.0%,针状透光高岭土:37.0~43.0%,熔融石英砂:7.0~21.0%;
在羊脂玉坯体上喷墨打印设计图案;
在喷墨打印设计图案后的羊脂玉坯体上施羊脂玉保护釉并烧成,得到所述羊脂玉陶瓷砖;所述羊脂玉保护釉的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:35.0~45.0%,针状透光高岭土20.0~30.0%,熔融石英12.0~18.0%,刚玉:4.0~6.0%,碳酸钡:6.0~8.0%,氧化锌:1.0~3.0%。
较佳地,所述透光钾长石的铁、钛杂质的质量百分含量在0.06%以下。
较佳地,所述针状透光高岭土的铁、钛杂质的质量百分含量在0.20%以下。
本发明羊脂玉陶瓷砖的坯体和保护釉中引入杂质含量少的透光钾长石,增加坯体及釉料的透光性,烧后呈现羊脂的哑光光泽。坯体配方引入透光钾长石,有利于玻璃相的生成,这将有利于提高坯体的透光度;另一方面,对玻璃相而言,K+离子的折光率值明显高于Na+离子的折光率值(RK+=8.25,RNa+=4.75),这说明K2O有利于提高坯体的透光度。同时K+离子半径(133pm)比Na+离子半径(97pm)大,因而K+离子相对于Na+离子Si-O键的键强度影响较小,对玻璃网络结构的变化影响也较小。因此,K2O可以促进玻璃相的形成,抑制分相与析晶。鉴于这个原因,对于获得透光性优异(透明度高)的坯体或者釉料,K2O是非常重要的组分。同时含钾长石玻璃相熔化后的粘度是含钠长石玻璃相熔化粘度的大约5倍,而且随着温度的升高,含钾长石玻璃相的粘度降低幅度远小于含钠长石玻璃相,因此,含钾长石的陶瓷坯体的抗变形能力远大于含钠长石的陶瓷坯体。
较佳地,所述羊脂玉坯体的烧成后物相组成为:以质量百分比计,游离石英:7~13%,莫来石:10~15%,刚玉:0.5~1.5%,非晶相:65~75%,蓝方石:0.5~1.5%。
较佳地,所述羊脂玉坯体的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:63.0~68.0%、Al2O3:20.0~25.0%、Fe2O3:0.01~0.15%、TiO2:0.01~0.08%、CaO:0.01~0.6%、MgO:0.01~0.5%、K2O:4.0~5.5%、Na2O:2.0~3.0%,烧失:5.0~6.0%。
较佳地,所述羊脂玉坯体在400℃的体膨胀系数为165~195×10-7/K。
较佳地,所述羊脂玉保护釉在400℃的体膨胀系数为150~180×10-7/K。
较佳地,所述羊脂玉坯体在400℃的体膨胀系数比羊脂玉保护釉高5~25×10-7/K。将羊脂玉保护釉的体膨胀系数控制在略小于羊脂玉坯体的体膨胀系数的范围内,可以控制羊脂玉产品的砖形,在提高羊脂玉产品的热稳定性能及力学强度的情况下保证不出现裂纹。
较佳地,所述羊脂玉保护釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:55.0~60.0%、Al2O3:20.0~25.0%、Fe2O3:0.01~0.1%、TiO2:0.01~0.08%、CaO:0.01~0.6%、MgO:0.01~0.5%、K2O:3.5~5.5%、Na2O:1.5~2.5%、ZnO:0.5~3.0%、BaO:4.0~6.5%,烧失:4.5~6.0%。
较佳地,所述羊脂玉保护釉的比重为1.2~1.3g/cm3,施釉量为80~120g/m2。
较佳地,最高烧成温度为1160~1200℃,烧成周期为40~60min。
通过上述制备方法获得的羊脂玉陶瓷砖透光性能佳,体膨胀系数小,耐污染性能优异,具有高耐磨度和高硬度性,经久耐用。同时该羊脂玉陶瓷砖质感滋润、细腻,呈现羊脂的哑光光泽,手掌不断触摸过程中,在其表面产生“油性”感,犹如“baby face”的触感。
第二方面,本发明提供上述任一项所述的制备方法获得的羊脂玉陶瓷砖。羊脂玉陶瓷砖的可见光透射率为4.50~6.50%。
附图说明
图1是表示实施例1羊脂玉陶瓷砖烧成后物相组成的XRD图;
图2是表示对比例1普通透光坯体烧成后物相组成的XRD图。
具体实施方式
通过下述实施方式进一步说明本发明,应理解,下述实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而非限制本发明。在没有特殊说明的情况下,各百分含量指质量百分含量。
以下示例性说明所述羊脂玉陶瓷砖的制备方法。
制备羊脂玉坯体。所述羊脂玉坯体的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:42.0~50.0%,针状透光高岭土:37.0~43.0%,熔融石英砂:7.0~21.0%。作为示例,羊脂玉坯体的矿物组成为:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:46%,针状透光高岭土:40%,熔融石英砂:14%。
透光钾长石是以钾长石为主、含少量钠长石及游离石英的矿物原料,经磁选增白设备加工提纯处理后,将透光钾长石中的铁、钛杂质含量降低至0.06wt%以下,可以提高透光钾长石的纯度,以及增加透光钾长石的透光度。
普通高岭土颗粒通常以片状结构存在,在干压成形过程中易分层,且无法有效提高坯体强度,从而导致普通高岭土在坯体配方中的使用受到限制。针状透光高岭土颗粒以针状结构存在,干压成形过程中无分层现象,可有效提高坯体强度。本发明的羊脂玉坯体中使用可塑性好的针状透光高岭土以满足干压成形要求,也可保证半成品砖坯具有较高的干坯强度,在釉线运行过程中无破损。另外,该针状透光高岭土杂质较少,铁、钛含量较低(经磁选增白设备加工提纯处理后针状透光高岭土的铁、钛杂质含量降低至0.20wt%以下),将针状透光高岭土引入坯体后,可以增加坯体的透光性,烧成后呈现羊脂的哑光光泽。
熔融石英砂是用天然石英原料经过除铁精选,在高于1760℃以上的温度下电弧熔融,经水淬后,再用筛网筛选出的颗粒状石英。熔融石英砂主要成分为非晶态(玻璃态)的氧化硅,杂质少,纯度高,经高温熔融后透明度高。坯体中用其取代游离石英可增加透光性。高温熔融后的石英砂热膨胀系数小,热稳定性好、耐化学侵蚀性好,用熔融石英砂取代游离石英可有效解决坯体配方因游离石英造成的膨胀系数大,低温快烧过程中易开裂、易变形的产品缺陷。
羊脂玉瓷坯体属长石质瓷,而长石质瓷显微结构通常由40~60%玻璃相、10~30%莫来石晶体、10~30%残留石英(含方石英)以及少量的气孔组成。该体系坯体的透明度主要与坯体中玻璃相的含量有关,玻璃相越多越透明。另外还与坯体中的晶相和玻璃相的折光率差值有关,差值越小越透明。
本发明通过坯体配方的调控获得与现有羊脂玉坯体长石质瓷显微结构不同的物相结构。所述羊脂玉坯体的烧成后物相组成包括:以质量百分比计,游离石英:7~13%,莫来石:10~15%,刚玉:0.5~1.5%,非晶相:65~75%,蓝方石:0.5~1.5%。本发明的羊脂玉坯体配方中使用主要成分为非晶态氧化硅的熔融石英砂,可减少坯体中游离石英含量,增加坯体中非晶相含量,在无需增加碱金属、碱土金属熔剂用量的情况下,解决常规透光坯体游离石英含量多、膨胀系数大、易开裂、易变形的缺陷。
按照羊脂玉坯体配方的的矿物组成称取原料并湿法球磨,球磨时间为10~15小时,过筛,即得羊脂玉坯体用浆料。浆料的250目筛余为0.8~1.2wt%。羊脂玉坯体用浆料经过喷雾塔造粒,得到坯体粉料。所述坯体粉料的水分控制在7.0~8.0wt%为宜。
一些实施方式中,坯体粉料的颗粒级配为:以质量百分比计,30目以上:5~11%,30~60目:≥78%,60~80目:≤8%,80目以下:≤6%。“以上”指的是坯体粉料在标准筛上筛分后留在筛上部分。“以下”指的是坯体粉料在标准筛上筛分后通过筛孔的部分。上述颗粒级配的粉料容重高,堆积性能佳,便于压机干压成形,且成形后的坯面平整度较佳,可增加羊脂玉陶瓷砖滋润、细腻的质感,同时增加“baby face”的触感。
将坯体粉料压制成型,获得羊脂玉坯体。将羊脂玉坯体干燥。上述羊脂玉坯体的强度可为2.0~3.0MPa。干燥时间可为15~30min,干燥后的砖坯水分控制在0.5wt%以内。
一些实施方式中,所述羊脂玉坯体的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:63.0~68.0%、Al2O3:20.0~25.0%、Fe2O3:0.01~0.15%、TiO2:0.01~0.08%、CaO:0.01~0.6%、MgO:0.01~0.5%、K2O:4.0~5.5%、Na2O:2.0~3.0%,烧失:5.0~6.0%。上述羊脂玉坯体的化学成分中,控制SiO2、K2O和Na2O含量,可以增加羊脂玉坯体中的非晶相含量(也可以称为“玻璃相”)从而增加羊脂玉坯体的透光度;提高羊脂玉坯体中的Al2O3含量,可降低坯体膨胀系数。
优选地,所述羊脂玉坯体在400℃的体膨胀系数为165~195×10-7/K。将羊脂玉坯体的膨胀系数控制该范围内,可适应建筑陶瓷低温快烧的工艺,避免羊脂玉产品在低温快烧工艺中易开裂的现象,同时可提高羊脂玉产品的热稳定性及力学强度。
将羊脂玉坯体高温干燥。高温干燥温度可为150~250℃,干燥时间可为15~30min。
高温干燥结束后,用喷墨机在羊脂玉坯体表面喷墨打印设计图案。
制备羊脂玉保护釉。羊脂玉保护釉的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:35.0~45.0%,针状透光高岭土20.0~30.0%,熔融石英12.0~18.0%,刚玉:4.0~6.0%,碳酸钡:6.0~8.0%,氧化锌:1.0~3.0%。本发明的羊脂玉保护釉中适当降低针状高岭土的用量,引入透明度更佳、杂质更少的熔融石英砂、刚玉来增加羊脂保护釉的透光性,同时可增加羊脂玉保护釉的硬度及耐磨度;引入碳酸钡、氧化锌促进陶瓷喷墨墨水的发色,在釉面低光泽度的条件下,增加羊脂玉保护釉的透光性能,同时实现釉面滋润、细腻的质感,及“baby face”的触感。作为示例,羊脂玉保护釉的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石45%,针状透光高岭土25%,熔融石英15%,刚玉:6%,碳酸钡7%,氧化锌:2%。
按照羊脂玉保护釉的矿物组成称取原料并湿法球磨,球磨时间为8~12小时,过筛,得到羊脂玉保护釉用釉浆。羊脂玉保护釉用釉浆的325目筛余为0.3~0.8wt%。
在喷墨打印设计图案后的羊脂玉坯体上施羊脂玉保护釉。该羊脂玉保护釉不仅可增加羊脂玉陶瓷砖的透光性,而且促进陶瓷喷墨墨水的发色,同时提高羊脂玉陶瓷砖的釉面硬度及耐磨度。
一些实施方式中,所述羊脂玉保护釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:55.0~60.0%、Al2O3:20.0~25.0%、Fe2O3:0.01~0.1%、TiO2:0.01~0.08%、CaO:0.01~0.6%、MgO:0.01~0.5%、K2O:3.5~5.5%、Na2O:1.5~2.5%、ZnO:0.5~3.0%、BaO:4.0~6.5%,烧失:4.5~6.0%。控制羊脂玉保护釉化学组成中的SiO2、K2O、Na2O含量的同时,增加羊脂玉保护釉中的非晶相含量,增加羊脂玉保护釉的透光度;提高羊脂玉坯体中的Al2O3、BaO和ZnO含量,可降低羊脂玉保护釉的体膨胀系数。
优选地,所述羊脂玉保护釉在400℃的体膨胀系数为150~180×10-7/K。
可采用摆臂式喷釉机施羊脂玉保护釉。一些实施方式中,羊脂玉保护釉的比重为1.2~1.3g/cm3,施釉量为80~120g/m2。该施釉参数在保持羊脂玉陶瓷砖釉面滋润、细腻的质感及“baby face”的触感的同时,增加羊脂玉陶瓷砖产品的透光性,可充分展示出石材喷墨设计文件的高清晰度、高透感的纹理效果,也赋予羊脂玉陶瓷砖产品的高硬度及高耐磨度。
将施完羊脂玉保护釉的坯体高温干燥后,在辊道窑快速烧成。最高烧成温度可为1160~1200℃,烧成周期可为40~60min。
本发明通过在羊脂玉陶瓷坯体上喷墨打印设计图案再施羊脂玉保护釉,实现羊脂玉陶瓷砖系列产品的定制批量性生产。该方法拓宽了高档羊脂玉瓷的应用范围,将传统应用于日用瓷和工艺美术瓷的羊脂玉瓷,应用于羊脂玉建筑陶瓷砖方面。该羊脂玉陶瓷砖具有高硬度和高耐磨度,耐污染性能优异,可抵御岁月的侵蚀,长期保持鲜艳石材纹理的高档装饰效果,且经久耐用。
下面进一步例举实施例以详细说明本发明。同样应理解,以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。下述示例具体的工艺参数等也仅是合适范围中的一个示例,即本领域技术人员可以通过本文的说明做合适的范围内选择,而并非要限定于下文示例的具体数值。
实施例1
步骤一:根据羊脂玉坯体的矿物组成称量原料,制备坯体粉料。羊脂玉坯体的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:46%,针状透光高岭土:40%,熔融石英:14%。该羊脂玉坯体的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:64.09%、Al2O3:22.38%、Fe2O3:0.12%、TiO2:0.05%、CaO:0.51%、MgO:0.16%、K2O:4.62%、Na2O:2.36%、烧失:5.57%。
步骤二:将坯体粉料压制成坯体,并将坯体干燥。干燥时间15~30min,干燥坯的水分控制在0.5wt%以内。
步骤三:羊脂玉坯体高温干燥后,用喷墨机喷墨打印设计图案。
步骤四:制备羊脂玉保护釉。所述羊脂玉保护釉的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:45%,针状透光高岭土:25%,熔融石英:15%,刚玉:6%,碳酸钡:7%,氧化锌:2%。该羊脂玉保护釉化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:57.33%、Al2O3:22.55%、Fe2O3:0.10%、TiO2:0.04%、CaO:0.48%、MgO:0.16%、K2O:4.51%、Na2O:2.10%、BaO:5.43%,ZnO:1.99%,烧失:5.19%。
步骤五:采用摆臂式喷釉机施羊脂玉保护釉,所述羊脂玉保护釉比重为1.20g/cm3,施釉量为120g/m2。
步骤六:将施羊脂玉保护釉后的坯体高温干燥后,在辊道窑快速烧成。最高烧成温度1160℃,烧成周期60min。
步骤七:采用GB/T 3810.7-2016《有釉砖表面耐磨性的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖产品耐磨度达到4级,6000转;采用GB/T 3810.7-2016《耐污染性的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖产品耐污染性达到5级;采用JC/T2531-2019《陶瓷砖硬度试验方法》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖产品莫氏硬度达到6级;采用GB/T 3810.8-2016《线性热膨胀的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉坯体的体膨胀系数(400℃)为182.04×10-7/K,羊脂保护釉体膨胀系数(400℃)为168.63×10-7/K;采用GB/T 2680-1994《建筑玻璃可见光透射比、太阳光直接投射比、太阳能总透射比、紫外线透射比及有关窗玻璃参数的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖可见光透射率为5.46%。
从图1可以看出,羊脂玉坯体的烧成后物相组成包括:以质量百分比计,游离石英:7~13%,莫来石:10~15%,刚玉:0.5~1.5%,非晶相:65~75%,蓝方石:0.5~1.5%。
实施例2
步骤一:根据羊脂玉坯体的矿物组成称量原料,并制备坯体粉料。羊脂玉坯体的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石50%,针状透光高岭土43%,熔融石英7%。该羊脂玉坯体的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:61.29%、Al2O3:24.13%、Fe2O3:0.13%、TiO2:0.05%、CaO:0.56%、MgO:0.17%、K2O:5.10%、Na2O:2.48%、烧失:5.96%。
步骤二:将坯体粉料压制成坯体,并将坯体干燥。干燥时间15~30min,干燥坯的水分控制在0.5wt%以内。
步骤三:羊脂玉坯体高温干燥后,用喷墨机喷墨打印设计图案。
步骤四:制备羊脂玉保护釉。所述羊脂玉保护釉的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:37%,针状透光高岭土:30%,熔融石英砂:18%,刚玉:6%,碳酸钡:6%,氧化锌:3%。该羊脂玉保护釉化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:55.67%、Al2O3:24.78%、Fe2O3:0.10%、TiO2:0.05%、CaO:0.40%、MgO:0.16%、K2O:3.56%、Na2O:1.87%、BaO:4.65%,ZnO:2.98%,烧失:5.64%。
步骤五:采用摆臂式喷釉机施羊脂玉保护釉,所述羊脂玉保护釉比重为1.30g/cm3,施釉量为80g/m2。
步骤六:将施羊脂玉保护釉后的坯体高温干燥后,在辊道窑快速烧成。最高烧成温度1200℃,烧成周期40min。
步骤七:采用GB/T 3810.7-2016《有釉砖表面耐磨性的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖产品耐磨度达到4级,6000转;采用GB/T 3810.7-2016《耐污染性的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖产品耐污染性达到5级;采用JC/T2531-2019《陶瓷砖硬度试验方法》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖产品莫氏硬度达到6.5级;采用GB/T 3810.8-2016《线性热膨胀的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉坯体体膨胀系数(400℃)为170.76×10-7/K,羊脂保护釉体膨胀系数(400℃)为156.83×10-7/K;采用GB/T 2680-1994《建筑玻璃可见光透射比、太阳光直接投射比、太阳能总透射比、紫外线透射比及有关窗玻璃参数的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖可见光透射率为4.98%。
实施例3
步骤一:根据羊脂玉坯体的矿物组成称量原料,制备坯体粉料。羊脂玉坯体的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:42%,针状透光高岭土:37%,熔融石英:21%。该羊脂玉坯体的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:66.89%、Al2O3:20.64%、Fe2O3:0.11%、TiO2:0.04%、CaO:0.47%、MgO:0.15%、K2O:4.22%、Na2O:2.17%、烧失:5.18%。
步骤二:将坯体粉料压制成坯体,并将坯体干燥。干燥时间15~30min,干燥坯的水分控制在0.5wt%以内。
步骤三:羊脂玉坯体高温干燥后,用喷墨机喷墨打印设计图案。
步骤四:制备羊脂玉保护釉。所述羊脂玉保护釉的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:45%,针状透光高岭土:30%,熔融石英:12%,刚玉:4%,碳酸钡:8%,氧化锌:1%。该羊脂玉保护釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:58.98%、Al2O3:20.33%、Fe2O3:0.09%、TiO2:0.04%、CaO:0.56%、MgO:0.17%、K2O:5.45%、Na2O:2.33%、BaO:6.21%,ZnO:0.99%,烧失:4.73%。
步骤五:采用摆臂式喷釉机施羊脂玉保护釉,所述羊脂玉保护釉的比重为1.25g/cm3,施釉量为100g/m2。
步骤六:将施羊脂玉保护釉后的坯体高温干燥后,在辊道窑快速烧成。最高烧成温度1180℃,烧成周期50min。
步骤七:采用GB/T 3810.7-2016《有釉砖表面耐磨性的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖产品耐磨度达到4级,6000转;采用GB/T 3810.7-2016《耐污染性的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖产品耐污染性达到5级;采用JC/T2531-2019《陶瓷砖硬度试验方法》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖产品莫氏硬度达到6级;采用GB/T 3810.8-2016《线性热膨胀的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉坯体体膨胀系数(400℃)为193.96×10-7/K,羊脂保护釉体膨胀系数(400℃)为179.65×10-7/K;采用GB/T 2680-1994《建筑玻璃可见光透射比、太阳光直接投射比、太阳能总透射比、紫外线透射比及有关窗玻璃参数的测定》中的测试方法,羊脂玉陶瓷砖可见光透射率为5.83%。
对比例1
步骤一:根据普通透光坯体的矿物组成称量原料,制备坯体粉料。普通透光坯体的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,高硅钾长石50%,高白钠长石:10%,高白水洗泥40%。该羊脂玉坯体的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:72.87%、Al2O3:16.20%、Fe2O3:0.18%、TiO2:0.12%、CaO:0.50%、MgO:0.17%、K2O:3.4%、Na2O:3.43%、烧失:3.28%。羊脂玉瓷因铁、钛含量低,钾含量高,而呈现羊脂色泽。但是对比例1中铁、钛含量较高,同时采用较多Na2O熔剂导致烧成后色泽发青,无羊脂玉瓷羊脂乳白色泽。
步骤二:将普通透光粉料压制成坯体,并将坯体干燥。干燥时间15~30min,干燥坯的水分控制在0.5wt%以内。
步骤三:普通透光坯体经高温干燥后,用喷墨机喷墨打印设计图案。
步骤四:制备普通透光保护釉。所述普通透光保护釉的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,普通高硅钾长石:45%,普通钠长石:15%,高白水洗泥:25%,刚玉:6%,碳酸钡7%,氧化锌:2%。该普通透光保护釉化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:63.34%、Al2O3:18.24%、Fe2O3:0.18%、TiO2:0.04%、CaO:0.48%、MgO:0.11%、K2O:3.04%、Na2O:3.36%、BaO:5.39%,ZnO:1.99%,烧失:3.81%。
步骤五:采用摆臂式喷釉机施普通透光保护釉,所述普通透光保护釉的比重为1.25g/cm3,施釉量为100g/m2。
步骤六:将施普通透光保护釉后的坯体高温干燥后,在辊道窑快速烧成。最高烧成温度1160℃,烧成周期60min。
从图2可以看出,对比例1所得普通透光砖的烧后物相组成为:以质量百分比计,莫来石:11.38%,石英:26.88%,蓝方石:1.11%,非晶相:60.18%。该普通透光坯体中游离石英含量高,导致其体膨胀系数较大,在建筑陶瓷低温快烧的工艺条件下,容易产生开裂且成品率低,同时也会大幅度降低普通透光产品的热稳定性能及力学强度。
采用GB/T 3810.7-2016《有釉砖表面耐磨性的测定》中的测试方法,普通透光砖产品耐磨度达到4级,2100转;采用GB/T 3810.7-2016《耐污染性的测定》中的测试方法,普通透光产品耐污染性能达到4级;采用JC/T2531-2019《陶瓷砖硬度试验方法》中的测试方法,普通透光产品莫氏硬度达到5级;采用GB/T 3810.8-2016《线性热膨胀的测定》中的测试方法,普通透光坯体体膨胀系数(400℃)为276.68×10-7/K,普通透光保护釉体膨胀系数(400℃)为255.66×10-7/K;采用GB/T 2680-1994《建筑玻璃可见光透射比、太阳光直接投射比、太阳能总透射比、紫外线透射比及有关窗玻璃参数的测定》中的测试方法,普通透光砖可见光透射率为3.72%。
虽然对比例1普通透光坯体的化学组成和实施例1的羊脂玉坯体化学成较接近,但是本发明中使用的透光钾长石和针状透光高领土均是经过二次磁选增白处理过的材料,熔融石英砂是经过精选除铁再高温电熔后的材料,而非普通的高硅钾长石、高白水洗泥和普通钠长石。这导致实施例1和对比例1的坯体烧成后矿物组成明显不同,尤其是是两者烧后的游离石英含量明显不同,同时体膨胀系数也存在明显的区别。
Claims (8)
1.一种羊脂玉陶瓷砖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
制备羊脂玉坯体,所述羊脂玉坯体的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:42.0~50.0%,针状透光高岭土:37.0~43.0%,熔融石英砂:7.0~21.0%;所述羊脂玉坯体的烧成后物相组成为:以质量百分比计,游离石英:7~13%,莫来石:10~15%,刚玉:0.5~1.5%,非晶相:65~75%,蓝方石:0.5~1.5%;
在羊脂玉坯体上喷墨打印设计图案;
在喷墨打印设计图案后的羊脂玉坯体上施羊脂玉保护釉并烧成,得到所述羊脂玉陶瓷砖;所述羊脂玉保护釉的矿物组成包括:以质量百分比计,透光钾长石:35.0~45.0%,针状透光高岭土20.0~30.0%,熔融石英12.0~18.0%,刚玉:4.0~6.0%,碳酸钡:6.0~8.0%,氧化锌:1.0~3.0%;最高烧成温度为1160~1200℃,烧成周期为40~60min;所得羊脂玉陶瓷砖的可见光透射率为4.50~6.50%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羊脂玉坯体的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:63.0~68.0%、Al2O3:20.0~25.0%、Fe2O3:0.01~0.15%、TiO2:0.01~0.08%、CaO:0.01~0.6%、MgO:0.01~0.5%、K2O:4.0~5.5%、Na2O:2.0~3.0%,烧失:5.0~6.0%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羊脂玉坯体在400℃的体膨胀系数为165~195×10-7/K。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羊脂玉保护釉在400℃的体膨胀系数为150~180×10-7/K。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羊脂玉坯体在400℃的体膨胀系数比羊脂玉保护釉高5~25×10-7/K。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羊脂玉保护釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:55.0~60.0%、Al2O3:20.0~25.0%、Fe2O3:0.01~0.1%、TiO2:0.01~0.08%、CaO:0.01~0.6%、MgO:0.01~0.5%、K2O:3.5~5.5%、Na2O:1.5~2.5%、ZnO:0.5~3.0%、BaO:4.0~6.5%, 烧失:4.5~6.0%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羊脂玉保护釉的比重为1.2~1.3g/cm3,施釉量为80~120g/m2。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的制备方法获得的羊脂玉陶瓷砖。
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CN108751962A (zh) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-06 | 福建省德化县陶缘茗陶瓷文化有限公司 | 一种可凌空旋转的羊脂玉瓷壶及其制备方法 |
CN111018483A (zh) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-17 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | 一种超白透光、生态健康的陶瓷大板及其制备方法 |
CN111302763A (zh) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-06-19 | 德化县宏顺陶瓷有限公司 | 一种如脂玉白陶瓷制品及其制备方法 |
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