CN107206662A - 由热塑性的塑料制成的容器以及用于制造所述容器的方法 - Google Patents
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
- B29C49/06905—Using combined techniques for making the preform
- B29C49/0691—Using combined techniques for making the preform using sheet like material, e.g. sheet blow-moulding from joined sheets
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种由热塑性的塑料制成的容器(1),所述容器包括容器壁中的至少一个处于内部的加强筋(3)。其中,所述加强筋(3)通过容器外壁(2a)中的至少一个线形的槽轨迹(4)形成,槽轨迹(4)在一定长度上在容器外壁(2a)上延伸,所述槽轨迹(4)通过容器外壁(2a)中的多个凹部(5)形成,所述凹部彼此具有距离地设置并且其中在所述凹部(5)之间分别设置材料桥(6),所述材料桥分别具有比凹部(5)小的深度。本发明此外涉及用于通过挤出吹制成型或深拉制造这样的容器(1)的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由热塑性的塑料制成的容器,所述容器包括容器壁中的至少一个处于内部的加强筋。
本发明此外涉及一种用于制造这样的容器的方法。
背景技术
原则上已知,为由热塑性的塑料制成的容器设有加强筋,所述加强筋提高容器壁的弯曲刚度和抗压强度。在瓶的情况下例如已知,为所述瓶设有环绕的加强筋。在注塑的容器中已知,将加强筋成形到容器壁上。这样的加强筋可以这样构成,使得其伸到容器容积中并且因此也以容器容积为代价。备选于此可以将加强筋在外面设置在容器壁上,这按照容器的使用目的可能是有妨碍的。在注塑的塑料的容器中,附加的加强筋或其他加强几何结构是容器壁中的材料聚集,其会导致在容器上的缩痕(sink marks)。所述缩痕通过材料在容器制成之后在容器的厚度位置的区域中的较缓慢的冷却产生并且通常在视觉上是不值得期望的。此外这样的材料聚集伴随着塑料材料的提高的消耗并且显著提高容器重量。
为了限定容器上的变形,现今将倾斜的加固槽(楔子)引入容器壁中,所述加固槽从侧壁上的刚性的区域伸入变形的面中。效果和适用性被限定并且有效容积的与此关联的容积损耗是大的。
在板材容器中原则上已知,在容器壁中设置直线延伸的加强筋,所述加强筋必要时交叉。当然这样的稳定措施例如不能够转用到热塑性的塑料制成的挤出吹制成型的空心体的制造。在热塑性的塑料的挤出吹制成型的容器中,加强筋如波纹管起作用,所述波纹管增大容器在压力下的可变形性。
发明内容
因此本发明的任务是,提供一种由热塑性的塑料制成容器,其设有至少一个加强筋,所述加强筋在最小可能的容积损耗和最小可能的材料使用情况下引起容器的有效的加强。
此外本发明的任务是,提供一种用于制造这样的容器的合适的方法。
按照本发明的容器应该此外构成为大容积的容器,其具有加强的大面积的壁。这样的容器例如是可以通过挤出吹制成型获得的燃料容器、油容器、挡风玻璃清洗液容器或添加剂容器。
按照本发明的容器应该尤其是重量优化的。
该任务利用权利要求1的特征以及并列的方法权利要求的特征解决。本发明的有利的设计由从属权利要求得出。
按照本发明的观点,设置一种由热塑性的塑料制成的容器,其包括容器壁中的至少一个处于内部的加强筋,其中,所述加强筋通过容器外壁中的至少一个线形的槽轨迹形成,槽轨迹在一定长度上在容器外壁上延伸,所述槽轨迹通过容器外壁中的许多凹部形成,所述凹部彼此具有距离地设置,并且其中在所述凹部之间分别设置材料桥,所述材料桥分别具有比凹部小的深度。
处于内部的加强筋在本发明的意义上表示,加强筋伸到容器的体积中。
按照本发明的容器可以是大容积的容器,其具有至少两个与其余的容器壁相比大面积的容器壁,所述容器壁例如可以彼此对置地设置。在其中至少一个所述大面积的容器壁中设置至少一个加强筋、优选多个加强筋。所述加强筋线形地延伸或构成为线形的槽轨迹。
槽轨迹在本申请的意义上是容器外壁中多个线形地彼此具有距离设置的槽区段或凹部的轨迹。所述槽轨迹可以原则上直线地延伸,备选地,所述槽轨迹可以弓形地设置。所述槽轨迹按照本发明通过容器外壁中的许多线形地具有距离彼此设置的凹部或槽区段形成。
原则上可能的是,通过容器内壁中的许多凹部设置槽轨迹,优选的当然是槽轨迹在容器外壁中的布置结构,从而形成的加强筋以容器容积为代价。
容器壁的在凹部之间分别形成的材料桥具有比凹部小的深度,其中,材料桥原则上可以与槽轨迹外的容器外壁的表面对齐。原则上当然也在本发明的范围中的是,将材料桥本身构成为容器外壁中的凹部,然而其具有比凹部小的深度。
按照本发明的解决方案具有优点,即,这样实施的容器可以通过挤压吹模制造,尤其是因为凹部设置在容器外壁中。相对于不间断的槽,具有许多彼此间隔开的凹部和在凹部之间设置的材料桥的槽轨迹具有优点,即,这些槽轨迹不形成缺口意义上或加强筋意义上的对容器壁的削弱并且因此实际上也在热塑性的塑料的容器中有助于容器壁的显著的稳定。由于槽轨迹不构成为连续的肋,而是通过材料桥中断,此外也产生优点,即,容器的有效容积减少相比于在容器内部的连续的加强筋保持在合理的界限中。凹部的宽度可以与凹部的长度相比相对小。
在按照本发明的容器的一种优选的变型方案中设置为,容器壁的塑料在材料桥的区域中累积,从而容器壁在材料桥的区域中的壁厚大于在凹部的区域中。
特别优选地,容器壁在材料桥的区域中的壁厚厚于容器壁在槽轨迹外的壁厚,从而材料桥分别形成容器壁的加厚部,所述加厚部最终导致在这些区域中的容器壁的显著的稳定。这样的加厚部可以以在凹部的区域中的容器壁的壁厚为代价,在那里较薄的壁厚由于较小的壁面明显更不关键,从而总体上按照本发明的容器的制造几乎不要求提高的材料费用。容器重量因此可以对应于在没有加强筋的情况下在很大程度上相同的平均壁厚时容器的容器重量。
特别优选地,凹部具有长度和宽度,其中设置为,凹部的长度为凹部的宽度的四至七倍。例如材料桥可以具有如下长度,所述长度为凹部的长度的0.3倍至0.5倍。
长度在这里表示沿槽轨迹的方向的延伸,宽度表示横向于此延伸。
适宜地,凹部以规律的并且彼此相同的距离设置。
材料桥可以具有如下长度,所述长度小于或等于容器在槽轨迹外的壁厚的两倍。
在容器壁中可以设置多个加强筋,优选以多个直线延伸的槽轨迹的形式的加强筋,所述槽轨迹优选交叉。所述槽轨迹可以例如X、T或S形地构成。这些槽轨迹对容器壁横向于其面状的延伸进行加强。
本发明的另一个观点涉及一种用于制造具有一个或多个之前所述特征的容器的方法,其中,所述方法的特征在于,所述容器通过挤出吹制成型或深拉至少一个由热塑性的塑料制成的预成形坯获得,其中,所述方法包括:提供或挤压预成形坯、将塑化的预成形坯引入模具中和在模具内对预成形坯进行改型和成形,其中,至少一个加强筋以线形的槽轨迹的形式在容器在封闭的模具内成形时借助至少一个构成为肋形的板条的模具嵌件或模具滑动件制造,所述板条伸出到模具的型腔中,其中,所述板条具有许多槽和接片,并且其中,接片产生容器外壁中的凹部并且塑化的塑料累积在所述接片中。
预成形坯在本发明的意义上可以是软管形的预成形坯,所述预成形坯在挤出的塑料第一次加热时,也就是说在充分利用多件式的吹模模具内的塑料的塑化热量的情况下改形。所述方法当然可以包括双片材吹塑成型(Twin Sheet Blow Molding)方法的意义上的挤出吹制成型,其中,两个幅形的塑化的预成形坯被挤出并且在多件式的吹模模具中改型和成形。这样的方法也可以包括提供软管形的预成形坯,所述预成坯在对置的侧上纵向分开并且其部件设计成幅形的预成形坯。
在本发明的意义上的吹模模具优选具有两个或更多吹模部件,所述吹模部件分别具有型腔并且在所谓的闭合机架上相对彼此可移动并且相互可置于贴靠中。吹模模具的部件的型腔在闭合的吹模模具中形成模腔,所述模腔的限定轮廓基本上对应于要制造的容器的外轮廓。
所述预成形坯的改型和成形通过对模腔的气体压力加载或通过对模腔抽真空或通过对模腔的气体压力加载和对模腔的抽真空进行。所述模具嵌件(固定)或模具滑动件(可进入型腔中并且可从型腔中移出)适宜地构成为包括槽和处于其间的接片的梳状的板条。
作为在本发明的意义上的模具也可以设置深拉模具,其中,在该情况下,所述方法包括加热并且塑化两个由热塑性的塑料制成的半成品作为预成形坯,并且所述半成品分别在模具中改型和成形并且随后接合成容器。
适宜地,所述槽具有长度、宽度和深度。所述槽的长度可以大致对应于材料桥的长度并且所述槽的长度适宜地这样确定,使得容器在材料桥的区域中的成形的壁厚大于容器在凹部的区域中的壁厚,优选大于容器在槽轨迹外的壁厚。
长度在这里表示沿板条的延伸的方向的延伸长度,宽度与之相反表示横向于此的延伸长度。以这种方式可以将陡壁的加强筋从外面引入容器中,例如通过作为吹模或深拉模具中的模具嵌件或模具滑动件的刚性的“剑状件”,其理想地朝模具开口的方向可脱模。所述模具嵌件或模具滑动件可以构成为梳状的或肋形的板条,由此引起,例如在吹模过程期间熔体可以从形成的凸起的两侧穿透并且预成形坯或后来的容器壁的材料可以从两侧相互连接。槽的长度在此理想地这样确定,使得预成形坯的塑化的材料不可以完全渗透到槽底中,而是形成预成形坯的折叠部,其中,容器壁“双层地”构成并且这样在接片之间产生材料桥或材料加厚部。这样累积的塑料形成材料桥,所述材料桥引起槽轨迹的加固。优选地,槽的长度这样设计,使得如以上已经提到的那样,预成形坯不完全沉入肋形的板条的轮廓中并且在接片的两侧相互连接。
塑料渗透到板条的槽或轮廓中可以原则上由此变得困难,即,通过板条放置金属丝或塑料绳,所述金属丝或塑料绳在制造容器时渗透到预成形坯的塑性的塑料中并且在其中丢失。
在按照本发明的方法的一种优选的变型方案中设置为,槽的长度为预成形坯的壁厚的1.8倍和四倍之间。在槽轨迹成形时,绕流板条的塑化的材料在后来的凹部的区域中拉伸并且在随后的材料桥的区域中挤压。
附图说明
接着借助在附图中示出的实施例解释本发明。
其中:
图1示出按照本发明的容器的透视图;其构成为燃料容器;
图2示出打开的吹模模具的部件的示意图;
图3示出在容器内部的加强筋的透视图;
图4示出吹模模具的型腔的俯视图;
图5示出用于制造加强筋的模具嵌件的侧视图以及
图6示出在吹模模具中的模具嵌件的正面视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出按照本发明的容器1,其例如构成为用于机动车的燃料容器。容器1由热塑性的塑料并且通过基于聚乙烯的优选多层的压出物的挤出吹制成型制造。本发明原则上应这样理解,即,容器1也可以作为基于由热塑性的塑料制成的单层的压出物的所谓的单层容器制造。容器1具有容器壁2,所述容器壁包围填充容积。在图1中示出的实施例中,容器1构成为包括两个相互连通的室的所谓的鞍形箱,本发明当然这样应理解,即,容器1可以具有任何结构。容器1可以例如成形为简单的直角平行六面体形的或立方体形的结构。
容器1的容器壁2可以具有相对大面积的壁区域,所述壁区域设有伸出到容器容积中的加强筋3。
在按照图1的示例中,加强筋3通过容器外壁2a中的基本上直线延伸的槽轨迹4形成。槽轨迹4分别线形并且直线延伸地构成,其中,分别两个槽轨迹4彼此大致成直角地交叉。
槽轨迹4通过容器外壁2a中的许多凹部5形成,所述凹部彼此具有距离地设置,其中,在凹部5之间分别设置材料桥6,所述材料桥分别具有比凹部5小的深度。
凹部5在制造容器1时通过对容器外壁2a压印产生。
图3示出加强筋3在容器内壁2b上的构成,在所述容器内壁上,在容器外壁2a中的每个凹部5产生对应的突出部7。
接着借助图2至6解释按照本发明的容器1的制造方法。
图2纯示意性地示出未完全示出的吹模模具的打开的吹模半部8以及相对于吹模半部8放置的由热塑性的塑料制成的预成形坯9。容器1可以例如通过对软管形构成的预成形坯9的常规的挤出吹制成型制造,其中,预成形坯9可以单层或多层悬挂地借助设置在吹模模具上方的挤出头挤出。吹模模具可以例如具有两个吹模半部8,所述吹模半部在未示出的闭合机架上可以执行打开和闭合运动。概念吹模半部8包括通常的成形压板和在成形压板上设置的模具部件10,所述模具部件具有型腔11,所述型腔确定要制造的容器1的外轮廓的一部分。
两个吹模半部8的型腔11可以例如形成闭合的模腔,其中,模腔的轮廓对应于完全的要制造的容器1的结构。
如开头已经提到的,吹模模具可以具有多于两个模具部件10,所述制造方法可以例如作为所谓的双片材吹塑成型(Twin Sheet Blow Molding)方法设计,其中,幅形的预成形坯在三部分式的吹模模具中改型。
在模具部件10的型腔11内例如设置模具嵌件,所述模具嵌件构成为肋形的板条12。所述板条12具有多个槽13和接片14,其中,接片14产生容器外壁2a中的凹部5并且在槽13中形成材料桥6。
所述方法首先包括提供或挤出预成形坯9,将预成形坯带到吹模模具的打开的吹模半部8之间或将预成形坯9沿重力方向挤出到打开的吹模半部8之间。吹模半部8围绕预成形坯9闭合,在通过型腔11形成的模腔内,预成形坯9扩张并且在此改型并且朝型腔11的壁成形。在此预成形坯9靠置到构成为模具嵌件的肋形的板条12上并且产生在图3中示出的类型的加强筋3。肋形的板条12具有厚度和长度,其中板条12按照长度由槽13穿通并且在槽13之间设置的接片14具有长度,所述长度这样确定,使得预成形坯9在吹模模具内成形时或在其扩张时例如借助吹制空气不完全沉入板条12的槽13中并且在接片14两侧相互连接,从而在容器壁2中构成加厚位置形式的材料桥6。
如尤其是由图5和6的概览得出的,其示出按照本发明的板条12,板条12的厚度为槽13的长度的大约只四分之一,从而预成形坯在对板条12在其成形期间绕流时不只由接片14的两个沿板条12的纵向方向对置的侧相互连接,而且也实现预成形坯沿板条12的厚度的方向、亦即横向于其的连接。
图4示出打开的模具部件10的视图,包括在模具部件10的型腔11中设置的板条12。
利用按照图4的模具部件10要制造的容器1轮廓不对应于在图1中示出的容器1的轮廓。
附图标记列表
1 容器
2 容器壁
2a 容器外壁
2b 容器内壁
3 加强筋
4 槽轨迹
5 凹部
6 材料桥
7 突出部
8 吹模半部
9 预成形坯
10 模具部件
11 型腔
12 肋形的板条
13 槽
14 接片
Claims (11)
1.由热塑性的塑料制成的容器(1),所述容器包括在容器壁(2)中的至少一个处于内部的加强筋(3),其中,所述加强筋(3)通过在容器外壁(2a)中的至少一个线形的槽轨迹(4)形成,槽轨迹(4)在一定长度上在容器外壁(2a)上延伸,所述槽轨迹通过在容器外壁(2a)中的多个凹部(5)形成,所述凹部彼此具有距离地设置,并且在所述凹部(5)之间分别设置材料桥(6),所述材料桥分别具有比凹部(5)小的深度。
2.按照权利要求1所述的容器,其特征在于,容器壁(2)的塑料在材料桥(6)的区域中累积,从而容器壁(2)在材料桥(6)的区域中的壁厚大于在凹部(5)的区域中的壁厚。
3.按照权利要求1或2之一所述的容器,其特征在于,容器壁(2)在材料桥(6)的区域中的壁厚厚于容器壁(2)在槽轨迹(4)外的壁厚。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的容器,其特征在于,凹部(5)具有长度和宽度,并且凹部的长度为其宽度的大约1倍至6倍、优选3倍。
5.按照权利要求4所述的容器,其特征在于,材料桥(6)具有如下长度,所述长度为凹部(5)的长度的0.3倍至0.5倍。
6.按照权利要求1至5之一所述的容器,其特征在于,凹部(5)以规律的彼此相同的距离设置。
7.按照权利要求1至6之一所述的容器,其特征在于,材料桥(6)具有一定长度,所述长度小于或等于容器(1)在槽轨迹(4)外的壁厚的两倍。
8.按照权利要求1至7之一所述的容器,其特征在于,在容器壁(2)中设置多个加强筋(3),优选多个直线延伸的槽轨迹(4)的形式的加强筋,所述槽轨迹优选交叉或相交。
9.用于制造具有权利要求1至8之一所述的特征的容器(1)的方法,其特征在于,通过挤出吹制成型至少一个由热塑性的塑料制成的预成形坯或通过深拉由热塑性的塑料制成的半成品获得容器(1),其中,所述方法包括提供预成形坯(9)、将塑化的预成形坯(9)引入模具中和将预成形坯(9)在模具内改型和成形,其中,在容器(1)在模具内成形时借助至少一个构成为肋形的板条(12)的模具嵌件或模具滑动件以线形的槽轨迹(4)形式制造至少一个加强筋(3),所述板条伸到模具的型腔(11)中,其中,所述板条(12)具有多个槽(13)和接片(14),并且接片(14)产生容器外壁(2a)中的凹部(5)并且塑化的塑料累积在所述槽(13)中。
10.按照权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述槽(13)具有长度、宽度和深度,所述槽(13)的长度对应于材料桥(6)的长度并且槽(13)的长度这样确定,使得成形的容器(1)在材料桥(6)的区域中的壁厚大于容器(1)在凹部(5)的区域中的壁厚,优选大于容器在槽轨迹(4)外的壁厚。
11.按照权利要求9或10所述的方法,其特征在于,槽(13)的长度为预成形坯(9)的壁厚的0.5倍与4倍之间。
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