CN101610954A - 容器和凸边结构以及制造所述容器的方法 - Google Patents

容器和凸边结构以及制造所述容器的方法 Download PDF

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CN101610954A
CN101610954A CNA2008800046421A CN200880004642A CN101610954A CN 101610954 A CN101610954 A CN 101610954A CN A2008800046421 A CNA2008800046421 A CN A2008800046421A CN 200880004642 A CN200880004642 A CN 200880004642A CN 101610954 A CN101610954 A CN 101610954A
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container
chime
base portion
bucket
side wall
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CN101610954B (zh
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A·沃特斯
I·麦克德莫特
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Anheuser Busch InBev SA
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Abstract

一种容器组件，包括彼此固定的容器和凸边结构，该容器具有端部和周向侧壁，其特征是，凸边结构与容器之间的固定位于容器的端部处并与周向侧壁隔开一定距离。

Description

容器和凸边结构以及制造所述容器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及容器，具体地是桶以及设置在所述容器底部处的凸边结构以及制造这种容器的方法。
背景技术
实践中通常提供具有底部和顶部凸边结构的容器或桶。这些凸边结构通常具有若干功能。第一个功能是纯粹保护桶的基部和顶部，使它们在操作过程中不受损坏。基部凸边结构还为桶提供平坦的基部，使桶可方便地放置在竖直位置。在大多数情况下，顶部和底部凸边结构设计成使桶可堆叠并这样简化桶的运输和储存。凸边结构的另一重要功能是便于桶的操作。实际上，大多数凸边结构设有裙部，该裙部在安装位置位于桶的周界处并形成滚圈，这样，当桶设置有底部和顶部凸边结构时，桶在侧放时就可方便地滚动而桶的侧壁不会与底面接触。
为了将凸边结构固定到桶上，已知几种选择。但在大多数情况下，凸边结构焊接到桶的侧壁，其缺点是一旦焊接上，凸边结构就不能再拆除或更换。
ED3336681已克服了该缺点，其中凸边结构描述为卡配在设置在相应桶的周界处的突起后面。在该情况下，可从桶方便地拆除凸边结构并进行更换，这简化凸边结构和桶的维修和回收。由于对塑料桶的需求日益剧增以及越来越需要回收和降低成本的处理，需要进一步简化将凸边结构施加到桶上并将所述凸边结构从桶拆除。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种容器组件来实现上述目的，该容器组件包括彼此固定的容器和顶部凸边结构，容器具有端部和周向侧壁，特征是凸边结构与容器之间的固定位于容器的端部处并与所述周向侧壁隔开一定距离。
该端部较佳地是容器的基部、凸边结构、底部凸边结构。
通过重新设计凸边结构到容器的固定，申请人将附连装置移到了容器基部的中心部分。这样，凸边结构的固定不再依赖于容器的周边。其提供的优点在于，对于不同尺寸的容器来说，使凸边结构到容器的固定相同，这显著简化了自动操作和可加工性，尤其便于回收。
与本发明各实施例有关的其它优点包括在凸边结构与桶底部饰边接合时组装凸边结构的卡合，(这当然有助于自动化生产)。此外，在不采用其它固定装置的情况下，可方便地从桶拆除底部凸边结构并与桶分开进行回收，且如果合适，方便地更换另一替代凸边结构，使桶可重新用于生产。此外，底部凸边结构用于使操作方便，且其回弹柔性提供防跌倒的优点。较佳的是，凸边结构与容器之间的固定可松开，使得凸边结构在损坏时可方便地进行更换。在最佳实施例中，通过凸边结构与容器之间的卡合来实现该固定。
本发明还涉及容器本身，由于为了能够进行上述固定，根据本发明的容器的基部设有附连装置，该附连装置位于与容器周向侧壁隔开一定距离处。
根据本发明的凸边结构包括至少一个内部毂，该内部毂设有固定装置和外部裙部，该外部裙部设计成与容器的周向侧壁的一部分配合。
最后，本发明还涉及一种用于制造根据本发明的容器的方法，该方法包括在容器的基部处到容器周向侧壁一定距离处设置附连装置。
较佳的是，由在模具内模塑的热塑材料来制成容器，由此带有模具型腔的模具来形成附连装置，模具型腔在其对应于其中形成容器基部的部分内限定槽坑区域。
较佳的是，该方法还包括在模塑期间将棒插入模具型腔内，该棒延伸到模具型腔内槽坑限定区域内。
在吹塑容器的情况下，使用这种棒是尤其有利的，因为其有助于强制热塑材料进入槽坑区域，由此形成附连装置，具体是容器基部处的卡配件。
附图说明
附图中的图1示出根据本发明的塑料底部凸边结构的实施例的仰视立体图。
附图中的图2示出根据本发明的塑料底部凸边结构的实施例的仰视立体图。
附图中的图3是通过根据本发明的底部凸边结构与本发明的啤酒桶结合(即，处于安装关系)截取的剖视图。
图4是图3所示剖视图的更详细视图。
图5示出通过根据本发明一方面的拉伸吹塑模具的示意性剖视图。
图6是根据本发明的凸边结构和桶组件的剖视图。
附图中的图7示出根据本发明的塑料底部凸边结构的替代实施例的仰视立体图。
附图中的图8示出图7的塑料底部凸边结构的实施例的仰视立体图。
具体实施方式
总地参见附图中的图1和2，提供根据本发明的较佳桶的底部凸边结构1。桶的底部凸边结构1包括桶的底部饰边环绕件10。环绕件10尤其适于与协配的桶底部饰边(图1和2中未示出，但可参见图3和4)配合。该配合保持互配固定关系，由此将凸边结构至少部分地固定到桶。在根据本发明的凸边结构1的较佳形式中，环绕件10包括开口10a，该开口10a由多个弹性且柔性的齿10b的相应自由端10d所围绕。齿10b从所述齿10b的固定端径向向内延伸到开口10a内，齿10b的固定端植根于(rooted)内部，较佳地植根于中心毂3。
凸边结构1包括用于与桶本体的底部配合的“辐条盘(spider)”2(同样图1和2中未示出，参见图3和4以及以下说明书)，支托在(cradled)凸边结构1内。辐条盘2又包括具有多个径向向外延伸的腿或辐条4的中心毂3。这些辐条终止于缘边壁5，缘边壁5限定通道6的一侧，该通道在其底部又由凸边结构基部13界定，并在间隔开侧向由竖直凸边结构裙部7的壁表面7a环绕。
辐条4a、4b、4c和4d具有轮廓件14(例如扇贝形)以提供加固的梁作用。
竖直的凸边结构裙部7支承周向卷边12，该卷边12适于与所固定的桶本体的相邻周向侧壁表面配合。
裙部7还包括用于排泄积聚在裙部7与关联的桶本体周向侧壁之间的液体的桶本体排泄口9。使用时，根据本发明的桶组件在组件以其正常竖直位置定向时会积聚水或其它液体，水或其它液体捕集在凸边结构与桶之间，但它们能够通过这些排泄口9排走。
类似地，底部通道底部6包括用于排泄积聚在通道6内的液体的通道排泄口11。显然，根据本发明的桶组件通常倒置定向进行清洗和充注，在这段时间内，如果水不能通过这些排泄口排走就会积聚在通道内。注意，在该情况下，本发明的桶和包括该桶的组件较佳地为封闭系统桶。
现具体参照图3和4，示出桶本体15的下部的剖视图。本体15包括周向侧壁17和基部15a。基部15a具有桶本体底部饰边16，其适于与图1和2中所示桶底部凸边结构1的互补桶底部饰边环绕件10配合。
底部饰边16包括锥形的侧壁16a，该侧壁从桶本体15的周界向上延伸并终止于悬伸的毗邻件16b，该环形毗邻件16b尤其适于与本文他处所描述的底部凸边结构1的互补特征配合成互配固定关系。
显然，底部饰边16形成可与凸边结构的固定装置(具有齿10b的桶底部饰边环绕件10)协配的附连装置，且根据本发明，凸边结构到桶的固定位于与桶周界隔开一定距离处。
现参照附图中的图5，示出用在本发明中的用于以不同方式用吹塑热塑材料形成桶本体的吹塑模具的实例。用于生产其相应桶本体的两示例模具都包括用于形成文本他处所述桶底部饰边的相应装置。
更具体地说，图5示出拉伸吹塑模具并包括适于延伸到围绕的吹塑模具型腔基部内的槽坑限定区域内的拉伸棒。拉伸棒和吹塑模具型腔协作以形成具有底部饰边(例如参见图3和4中的饰边16)的桶，该底部饰边包括从所述桶本体的周界向上延伸并终止于悬伸毗邻件1(例如参见图3和4中附图标记16b)的锥形侧壁(参见图3和4中附图标记16a)，该毗邻件1适于与底部凸边结构1配合成所述互配固定关系。
在较佳实践中，本发明涉及使用吹塑工艺。吹塑工艺家族用于生产中空体热塑物件，具体包括诸如瓶子之类的容器。基本工艺必须将热塑材料预成形成称为型坯或预制坯的中间件。然后在设计成提供物件的最终形状的模具型腔的约束件内通过在气压下对其吹胀而将加热的预制坯进一步塑形。
吹塑技术在工业领域可追溯到20世纪30年代后期，但其在20世纪50年代才随着高密度聚乙烯的诞生和非专有生产设备的发展而开始得到广泛的商业应用。从那时起，已经开始使用各种热塑材料(具体是与聚烯烃族相比出现了聚酯，在某些情况下在某些饮料包装应用中聚酯与“去味”和伴随的膨胀以及透氧性增加关联)，且同时高密度聚乙烯HDPE继续占据整个吹塑热塑材料市场份额的55％，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)占据余下市场份额的几乎88％。更昂贵但在某些性能方面较好的聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN)的市场也迅速发展，尤其是在可回收再用利应用中。
在吹塑工艺家族包括“挤压吹塑”、“注射吹塑”(及其相关的“转移”)、以及“拉伸吹塑”(也称为“双轴定向拉伸吹塑”)，及其多种的混合。
挤压吹塑目前是这些技术中使用最为广泛的，且其包括沿向下降落方向(间歇地或连续地)挤出中空型坯。当型坯已充分生长时，将其预定长度段包围在模具型腔内(例如通过围绕下降的型坯的预定长度关闭两互补对开模)。在小型容器生产中采用往复螺杆和双螺杆挤压机，其装备有用于间歇型坯挤压的二次储料器和撞棒。但对于大至圆桶且包括圆桶的较大容器，采用具有柱塞的储料缸式机构挤压机。
参见图5，一旦型坯P配合在模具M内，就将其在气压下吹胀并符合关闭型腔模具的刚性内表面，呈中空本体形状，该形状最终形成成品容器的形状，其可包括桶底部饰边16的形成。注意，尽管较老的吹塑机需要另外的机铰作用来将容器饰边加工成最终规格(且存在碎屑留在形成的瓶子内的问题)，通过吹塑瓶仍在模具内时预热销和模具颈环的协配相互作用，对于较小容器已经克服了该问题。但是，宽口吹塑容器仍然必须在随后的整模修边操作中进行精加工。
注射吹模是多步的操作过程(历史上是两步，但现在几乎通用的是三步的操作过程)，其中在由型坯模具和置于其中的芯棒限定的空间内注射模塑型坯(代替挤压)，且然后将其转移(例如在芯棒上)到随后的吹模工位。在该类型吹塑的“排出”变型中，将计量量的热塑熔融物插入型坯模具内，并然后将芯棒插入模具内以强制将熔融物排出到芯棒与模具内表面之间剩余的空间内——因此形成型坯。
拉伸吹塑尤其适于涉及诸如PET的呈内部线性分子取定的热塑材料的应用。型坯可挤压模塑或注射模塑而成，尽管后者最通常与拉伸吹模操作关联使用。拉伸吹模工艺的具体特征在于将预成形的型坯小心地调节成恰好在热塑材料的玻璃化转变温度以上(即该温度足够暖以使型坯能够进行充胀，但足够冷以阻止分子结构对齐后的重新无规化)，并然后拉伸定向(“局部地”且沿轴向或双轴)并吹塑。在PET情况下，拉伸热塑材料罐内的应变诱导结晶增加高达20％，且甚至高达28％。
如图5所示芯棒R。注意，在本发明的特别优选实践中，且除了在吹塑操作过程中，提供型坯P的轴向拉伸的部件，芯棒R还可延伸以强制塑料材料进入模具型腔M内的部分BF内，从而形成外部桶底部饰边16。部分BF包括用于夹紧饰边16以在附图标记16b处形成腰部的装置，该腰部然后在附图标记16b处外扩。
最后，提供一种如图6所示的桶和凸边结构组件。在该情况下，参照图1至4和6。该组件包括桶本体15，该桶本体具有承载桶本体底部饰边16的基部15a。桶的底部凸边结构1包括桶的底部饰边环绕件10。桶底部饰边环绕件10和桶底部饰边16适于相互配合成协配互配固定关系，从而由此将所述凸边结构和桶至少部分固定在相互组装的关系。在各所示实施例中，互配固定关系是桶15的凸出部分与所述凸边结构1之间的弹性偏置机械过盈对准。如图6所示，示出底部凸边结构1静置堆叠在支承桶(未示出)的协配表面T上，但该底部凸边结构1基本上与所示桶15顶部上顶装的顶部凸边结构C相同。
很显然，为了将根据本发明的凸边结构1固定到桶，将凸边结构1的开口10a放到桶底部饰边16上并将其下压，使得柔性齿卡在悬伸的毗邻件16b后面即可。在该情况下，桶是塑料桶，在桶内较佳地提供内部过压以避免固定凸边结构1期间桶的任何变形。
为了拆除桶1，人们可撕去凸边结构1，尽管也可通过使用圆筒形钻机、弄断齿10b，由此凸边结构1会与齿10b一样从桶落下而方便地自动进行拆除。凸边结构的这种自动且简易拆除显然简化了桶组件的回收。
应当注意，当桶的尺寸不同但具有标准化底部饰边时，可自动进行凸边结构1与桶的组装，与桶的尺寸无关。由于无须再将桶进行分类，所以这种自动化尤其适用于回收。
图7和8示出根据本发明的凸边结构1的另一实施例。在该实施例中，凸边结构包括四个同心的圆筒形壁17-18-19-20，最外部壁17限定凸边结构1的裙部。
最外部壁17和与其相邻的壁在其边缘之一处通过横向缘边21相互连接，而最内部壁20和与其相邻的壁19用另一横向缘边22相互连接。缘边21和22较佳地位于同一假想平面内并限定凸边结构1的基部。该基部较佳地设有粗糙度增大的区域23以在置于地面时增加抓持性。
最外部壁17的自由边缘设有周向卷边12和排泄口9，它们对应于参照图1至4的描述。
中间壁18和19的自由边缘通过环形缘边24相互连接，而最内部壁20的自由边缘在中心毂3内延伸并围绕桶底部饰边环绕件10，中心毂3对应于参照图1至4所示凸边结构所描述的中心毂。
如从图中可理解的那样，在壁17至20与和相应缘边21、22和24的过渡部分处以及最内部壁20与中心毂3的过渡部分处设有排泄口25。
该替代凸边结构在桶上的施加与参照图1至4所示凸边结构所描述的相同。
最后应注意到，桶和凸边结构都可具有各种形式。桶可例如具有圆形截面、矩形截面或任何形状的截面。

Claims (13)

1.一种容器组件，包括彼此固定的容器和凸边结构，所述容器具有端部和周向侧壁，其特征在于，所述凸边结构与所述容器之间的所述固定位于所述容器的所述端部处并与所述周向侧壁隔开一定距离。
2.如权利要求1所述的容器组件，包括彼此固定的容器和底部凸边结构，所述容器具有基部和周向侧壁，其特征在于，所述凸边结构与所述容器之间的所述固定位于所述容器的所述基部处并与所述周向侧壁隔开一定距离。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的容器组件，其特征在于，所述固定是可松开的固定。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的容器组件，其特征在于，所述固定是卡合。
5.一种容器，具有基部和周向侧壁，其特征在于，所述容器设有位于所示基部处与所述容器周向侧壁隔开一定距离的凸边结构附连装置。
6.如权利要求5所述的容器，其特征在于，所述附连装置包括从所述基部横向延伸并终止于悬伸毗邻件的锥形侧壁。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的容器，其特征在于，所述容器由热塑材料制成。
8.一种凸边结构，具有内部毂和与所述内部毂隔开一定距离的外部裙部，其特征在于，所述凸边结构设有位于其所述内部毂处的固定装置。
9.如权利要求8所述的凸边结构，其特征在于，所述固定装置具有环绕件，所述环绕件包括由从所述内部毂径向向内延伸的多个弹性齿的相应自由端围绕的开口。
10.一种制造具有基部和周向侧壁的容器的方法，所述方法包括在所述容器的所述基部并与所述周向侧壁隔开一定距离处设置附连装置。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述容器通过在模具内模塑热塑材料熔融物而制成，由此通过带有模具型腔的模具来形成所述附连装置，所述模具型腔在其对应于其中形成的所述容器的所述基部的部分内限定槽坑区域。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括在模塑期间将棒插入所述模具型腔内，由此所述棒延伸到所述模具型腔的所述槽坑限定区域内。
13.一种模具，所述模具是如权利要求11和12所限定的模具。
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