CN107151744A - 一种清洁提取锌的方法 - Google Patents

一种清洁提取锌的方法 Download PDF

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CN107151744A
CN107151744A CN201710246370.7A CN201710246370A CN107151744A CN 107151744 A CN107151744 A CN 107151744A CN 201710246370 A CN201710246370 A CN 201710246370A CN 107151744 A CN107151744 A CN 107151744A
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肖超
李义兵
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Guilin University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种清洁提取锌的方法。(1)将锌原料与浸出剂反应,得到含锌的浸出液。(2)浸出液采用“有机相”进行萃取,直接萃取锌,得到萃锌余液。(3)萃锌余液采用“有机相”萃取镍钴铜,反萃,得到对应的镍钴铜盐和萃余液。(4)萃余液返回浸出。本发明锌和镍钴铜萃取过程有机相均无需皂化,避免了钠或者铵进入萃余液形成污染,从而减少了锌冶炼过程的物料消耗,降低了成本;萃取过程实现了浸出剂的再生,实现了萃余液可以直接返回浸出,浸出体系水相能实现零排放。

Description

一种清洁提取锌的方法
技术领域
本发明属于锌冶炼领域,特别涉及一种清洁提取锌的方法。
背景技术
锌为重要的有色金属资源,广泛应用于化工、冶金、新能源材料等行业。随着优质硫化锌资源的逐渐枯竭,含杂较高的硫化锌、氧化锌烟灰、含锌污泥等资源开始被利用。而锌电解对硫酸锌电解液的纯度要求很高,因此合格硫酸锌溶液的制备是开发含杂较高锌资源的关键。相比于传统净化工序,溶剂萃取法具有除杂效果好、流程简短的优点。而传统的P204萃取锌时释放氢离子,使得溶液pH值降低,而不适宜萃取高浓度含锌料以及后续钴镍铜等伴生金属的回收。酸性磷(膦)酸类萃取剂或羧酸萃取剂萃取金属阳离子属于阳离子交换过程,溶液pH值对萃取效果具有显著的影响,当料液pH值低于一定程度时,萃取过程停止。为了萃取顺利进行,目前多采用碱(氢氧化钠、氨水)将萃取剂皂化为对应的盐再进行萃取,则避免了萃余液pH值降低的问题,但是形成了对应的盐进入萃余液中,使得萃余液无法直接回到浸出系统,同时皂化时消耗碱,提高了锌提取的成本。随着社会的进步,环保达标成为企业生存的首要要求,同时冶炼行业竞争的加剧,成本控制显得非常控制,因减少物料消耗和环境污染成为冶炼行业的重要发展方向。因此,亟需开发一种清洁提取锌的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的不足,提供一种清洁提取锌的方法,减少锌提取过程碱(氢氧化钠或者氨水)等的物料消耗和实现萃余液回用和减排,同时综合回收镍钴铜等伴生金属。
具体步骤为:
(1)将1重量份的锌原料和1~3重量份的浸出剂在温度为10~90℃,液固体积比L/S=1/1~20/1反应0.2~5小时,得到含锌的浸出液。
(2)将步骤(1)所得浸出液采用“有机相”萃取锌,反萃后的负载有机相(O)和萃余液(A)的体积比为O/A=1/10~10/1,混合时间为1~20分钟,萃取级数为1~12级,采用反萃剂反萃,得到对应的锌盐和萃锌余液。
(3)将步骤(2)所得萃锌余液采用“有机相”萃取镍钴铜,反萃后的负载有机相O和萃余液A的体积比为O/A=1/10~10/1,混合时间为1~20分钟,萃取级数为1~12级,采用反萃剂反萃,得到对应的镍钴铜盐和萃余液。
(4)将步骤(3)所得萃余液作为浸出剂直接返回步骤(1)浸出。
所述锌原料为氧化锌矿、锌焙砂矿和含锌二次资源中的一种或多种;
所述的浸出剂为浓度均为1.5-8.0mol/L的甲酸、乙酸和柠檬酸中的一种或多种;
所述反萃剂为浓度均为1~10mol/L的硫酸、盐酸、硝酸和磷酸中的一种或多种;
所述有机相为体积比为15%-55% : 45%-85%的萃取剂与溶剂油组成。
所述萃取剂为P204、P507、Cyanex272和Verstic10中的一种或多种。
所述溶剂油为煤油、磺化煤油和260#溶剂油中的一种或多种。
本发明的有益效果是:减少锌提取过程碱(氢氧化钠或者氨水)和酸等的物料消耗和实现锌提取系统废水回用和减排,同时综合回收镍钴铜等伴生金属。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施,对本发明作进一步描述,以下实施例旨在说明本发明而不是对发明的进一步限定。
实施例1:
(1)将100g锌烟灰(组分质量百分比含量为:Zn 18.00%,Fe 7.80%,Cu0 .66%, Co0.10%,Ni 0.06%)采用200mL浓度为3.0 mol/L的乙酸在温度为70℃浸出2小时,Zn、Fe、Cu 、Co、Ni浸出率分别为98.22%、0.16%、78.5%、66.1%、44.7%。浸出液中Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni对应浓度(g/L)分别为88.398、0.062、2.591、0.331、0.134。
(2)将步骤(1)所得浸出液采用体积百分比分别为25%的P204和75%磺化煤油组成的有机相进行萃取,有机相(O)和浸出液(A)的体积比为O/A=300mL / 200mL,混合时间为5分钟,采用12级逆流萃取,Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni对应萃取率(%)分别为98.95、90.45、3.44、2.22、2.55,实现了从高浓度锌料液中直接萃取锌分离杂质。
(3)将步骤(2)所得萃锌余液采用体积百分比分别为25%的P204和75%磺化煤油组成的有机相进行萃取,有机相(O)和萃锌余液(A)的体积比为O/A=100mL / 200mL,混合时间为15分钟,采用8级逆流萃取,Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni对应萃取率(%)分别为91.55、60.33、90.23、71.44、50.33,再采用浓度为5mol/L的硫酸反萃,得到对应的钴盐和萃钴余液。
(4)将步骤(4)所得萃镍钴铜余液作为浸出剂直接返回步骤(1)浸出。
说明,该体系中可以直接采用未皂化的萃取剂萃取锌和钴镍铜,萃余液可以返回浸出。
实施例2:
(1)将100g锌焙砂矿(Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni质量百分比含量(%)分别为34.00、3.8、0.56、0.23、0.084)采用300 mL浓度为4.0 mol/L的乙酸在温度为80℃浸出4小时,Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni浸出率(%)分别为98.22、0.16、78.5、66.1、44.7。浸出液Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni对应浓度(g/L)分别为111.316、0.020、1.465、0.507、0.125。
(2)将步骤(1)所得浸出液采用体积百分比分别为25%的P507和75%磺化煤油组成的有机相进行萃取,混合时间为8分钟,采用6级逆流萃取,Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni对应萃取率(%)分别为99.15、80.45、1.44、2.92、1.55。
(3)将步骤(1)所得萃锌余液采用体积百分比分别为25%的P507和75%磺化煤油组成的有机相进行萃取,混合时间为10分钟,采用9级逆流萃取,Cu、Co、Ni萃取率(%)为83.23、72.48、40.38,再采用浓度为10mol/L的盐酸反萃,得到对应的铜、钴、镍混合盐和萃余液。
(4)将步骤(3)所得萃余液作为浸出剂直接返回步骤(1)浸出。
该工艺能直接采用未皂化的萃取剂萃取锌和铜钴镍,萃余液可以返回浸出。
实施例3:
(1)将100g锌污泥巴(Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni质量百分比含量(%)分别为21、0.8、0.16、0.02、0.84)采用300 mL浓度为2.5 mol/L的乙酸在温度为90℃浸出2小时,Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni浸出率(%)分别为99.22、0.16、88.5、69.1、84.7。浸出液Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni对应浓度(g/L)分别为69.454、0.004 、0.472、0.046 、2.372 。
(2)将步骤(1)所得浸出液采用体积百分比分别为25%的cyanex272和75%磺化煤油组成的有机相进行萃取,混合时间为8分钟,采用6级逆流萃取,Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni对应萃取率(%)分别为99.15、30.45、0.24、0.22、0.25。
(3)将步骤(1)所得萃锌余液采用体积百分比分别为25%的Cyanex272和75%磺化煤油组成的有机相进行萃取,混合时间为10分钟,采用9级逆流萃取,Cu、Co、Ni萃取率(%)为76.13、52.48、80.38,再采用浓度为3mol/L的硫酸反萃,得到对应的铜、钴、镍混合盐和萃余液。
(4)将步骤(3)所得萃余液作为浸出剂直接返回步骤(1)浸出。
尽管已经结合示例性实施例详细描述了本发明的方法, 但是本领域技术人员应该明白, 在不脱离权利要求所限定的精神和范围的情况下,可以对实施例进行修改。

Claims (1)

1.一种清洁提取锌的方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
(1)将1重量份的锌原料和1~3重量份的浸出剂在温度为10~90℃,液固体积比L/S=1/1~20/1反应0.2~5小时,得到含锌的浸出液;
(2)将步骤(1)所得浸出液采用“有机相”萃取锌,反萃后的负载有机相O和萃余液A的体积比为O/A=1/10~10/1,混合时间为1~20分钟,萃取级数为1~12级,采用反萃剂反萃,得到对应的锌盐和萃锌余液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得萃锌余液采用“有机相”萃取镍钴铜,反萃后的负载有机相O和萃余液A的体积比为O/A=1/10~10/1,混合时间为1~20分钟,萃取级数为1~12级,采用反萃剂反萃,得到对应的镍钴铜盐和萃余液;
(4)将步骤(3)所得萃余液作为浸出剂直接返回步骤(1)浸出;
所述锌原料为氧化锌矿、锌焙砂矿和含锌二次资源中的一种或多种;
所述的浸出剂为浓度均为1.5-8.0mol/L的甲酸、乙酸和柠檬酸中的一种或多种;
所述反萃剂为浓度均为1~10mol/L的硫酸、盐酸、硝酸和磷酸中的一种或多种;
所述有机相为体积比为15%-55% : 45%-85%的萃取剂与溶剂油组成;
所述萃取剂为P204、P507、Cyanex272和Verstic10中的一种或多种;
所述溶剂油为煤油、磺化煤油和260#溶剂油中的一种或多种。
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109913658A (zh) * 2019-04-04 2019-06-21 昆明理工大学 一种含砷铜冶炼烟尘酸浸液砷、铜、锌高效分离与回收的方法
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CN114774711A (zh) * 2022-05-16 2022-07-22 安阳锦越新材料有限公司 一种从含锌、钴溶液中萃取锌且富集钴的方法

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CN112458310A (zh) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-09 赛得利(九江)纤维有限公司 一种含锌废水中提取锌盐的方法
CN114774711A (zh) * 2022-05-16 2022-07-22 安阳锦越新材料有限公司 一种从含锌、钴溶液中萃取锌且富集钴的方法

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