CN107138173A - 一种无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂的简便制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂的简便制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的是针对目前环境污染及其能源危机等问题,创立简便方法制备一种镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂,从而降低光催化剂成本、提高光催化分解水产氢速率。该复合催化剂的制备方法绿色环保,其原理是以类石墨烯碳氮化合物为光敏剂,使用光还原方法制备得到无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂。本发明所制备的无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂合成方法简便、光催化产氢速率高、稳定性好、价格低廉,应用于工业生产中可大幅度节约成本,且无毒环保,是一种有较大工业光催化产氢前景的新型催化材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明提出一种无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂的简便制备方法,属于材料科学技术领域和光催化制氢领域。
背景技术
全球环境污染、能源危机日益严重,开发新型可持续能源备受世界各国的关注。其中氢气因其来源丰富、燃烧值高效、燃烧产物清洁无污染等优点,被认为是最理想的能源。分解水制氢是有可能实现大规模生产氢气的重要方法之一。而利用太阳能分解水产氢,将太阳能转换为存储于氢能源中的化学能,这就提供了一种获得氢气的廉价、便捷的方法。开发廉价高效的光催化剂是光催化分解水制氢的关键。
类石墨烯碳氮化合物(又称g-C3N4)是一种无金属化合物,禁带宽度约为2.75eV,原料廉价、制备简便,具有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,从而具有广泛的研究及应用前景。磷化镍为地球上广泛元素组成的化合物,化学性质稳定、廉价易得。单纯的类石墨烯碳氮化合物由于光生载流子快速复合,导致其光催化产氢速率极低,将金属磷化镍与类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合制备光催化剂可以抑制类石墨烯碳氮化合物光生载流子复合,从而大幅度提高光催化分解水制氢速率。
本发明成功制备的无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂,合成方法简便,价格低廉,稳定性好,具有较高的光催化产氢速率,且尚无文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对目前环境污染及其能源危机等问题,创立简便方法制备一种无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂,从而降低光催化剂成本、提高光催化分解水产氢速率。该复合催化剂的制备方法绿色环保,并且制备的复合催化剂在酸性条件下(pH=2乳酸溶液中)具有较长寿命,75h后仍较高的催化活性。
本发明提出一种无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂的简便制备方法,步骤为:
(1)取适量硫脲置于坩埚中,将坩埚置于马弗炉中550℃煅烧2h,待马弗炉降至室温取出坩埚,将黄色固体研磨后、置于坩埚中,将坩埚置于马弗炉中500℃煅烧2h,待马弗炉降至室温取出黄白色粉末即为类石墨烯碳氮化合物(g-C3N4);
(2)取一定量的类石墨烯碳氮化合物(g-C3N4)加入25mL单口圆底烧瓶,加入一定量次磷酸钠(分子式NaH2PO2)和硫酸镍的混合水溶液,加入适量水,混合均匀后通入氮气30-40min以除去反应体系中氧气,然后置于氙灯下光照,光照时保持均匀搅拌;
(3)反应结束后,使用离心分离将固体分离,去离子水离心洗涤5-8次,乙醇洗涤1-3次,将所得固体物质氮气吹燥,所得黑色固体物质即为产品无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂。
本发明的有益效果:本发明使用简便的光沉积方法可以快速制得无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂,所得磷化镍纳米粒子均匀分散在类石墨烯碳氮化合物表面,且其粒径大小约为40-90nm,原料廉价、方法简便,降低了催化剂制备的成本;采用磷化镍作为光催化反应的助催化剂,大幅度提高催化效率,相比于其他类型非贵金属修饰的复合光催化剂具有更高的光催化活性。本发明所制备的无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂,可用于光催化分解水产氢反应,价格低廉,且产氢速率较高。
附图说明
图1是无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂复合催化的XRD图谱。
图2是无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂的透射电镜图片。
图3是无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂扫描电镜能量色散X射线光谱。
图4是无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂的X射线光电子能谱。
图5是无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂光催化分解水产氢测试图。
具体实施方式
下面结合一些实例和附图对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明的权利范围不仅限于实施例的范围。
实施例1
(1)取20g硫脲置于4个坩埚中,将坩埚置于马弗炉中以2度每分的升温速率升至550℃,煅烧两小时,待降至室温取出坩埚,将固体研磨成粉末,将盛有固体粉末的坩埚置于马弗炉,以2度每分升温速率升至500℃,煅烧两小时,待降至室温取出黄白色固体粉末获得类石墨烯碳氮化合物;
(2)取30mg石墨烯碳氮化合物置于25mL单口烧瓶中,随后加入4mL硫化镍水溶液(0.1mol/L),4mL次磷酸钠(分子式NaH2PO2)水溶液(0.7mol/L),2mL水,超声分散处理30s,然后使用氮气脱气40min除去反应体系中氧气;
(3)待脱气完成后,将圆底烧瓶置于300W氙光灯下照射20min后,将所得固体离心分离,去离子水洗涤5次,乙醇洗涤2次,将所得固体使用氮气吹干,所得黑色物质即为无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂。所制备无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂命名为NixP-20/g-C3N4。
将制备的光催化剂进行X射线衍射光谱(图1所示),透射电镜(图2所示),,能量色散X射线光谱(EDX)(图3所示)及X射线光电子能谱(图4所示)。
实施例2
(1)实施例1中类石墨烯碳氮化合物取5mg置于25mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入2mL三乙醇胺和8mL水,超声分散处理30s,然后使用氮气脱气40min除去反应体系中氧气;将圆底烧瓶置于300W氙光(配有AM 1.5G滤光片)下照射,反应结束后,用热导-气相色谱检测反应中生成的氢气,反应2h后其产氢速率为27μmol g-1h-1。
实施例3
将实施例1中无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂取5mg置于25mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入2mL三乙醇胺,8mL水。超声处理30s,使用氮气脱气40min排除体系中氧气,将圆底烧瓶置于太阳光模拟器下光照,反应结束后,用热导-气相色谱检测反应中生成的氢气,反应2h后其产氢速率为8585μmol g-1h-1,比单纯的类石墨烯碳氮化合物产氢速率提高317倍。
实施例4
将实施例1中无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂取5mg置于25mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入1mL乳酸、9mL水,该混合溶液pH=2。超声处理30s,使用氮气脱气40min排除体系中氧气,将圆底烧瓶置于太阳光模拟器下光照。待反应75h后催化剂活性仍无明显降低(图5所示)。
由上述各实施例及图5可看出,本发明所制备的无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂合成方法简便、光催化产氢速率高、酸性条件下稳定性好、价格低廉,应用于工业生产中可大幅度节约成本,且无毒环保,是一种有较大工业光催化产氢前景的新型催化材料。
Claims (2)
1.一种无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂的简便制备方法,其特征在于按照如下方案进行:
(1)取适量硫脲置于坩埚中,将坩埚置于马弗炉中550℃煅烧2h,待马弗炉降至室温取出坩埚,将黄色固体研磨后、置于坩埚中,将坩埚置于马弗炉中500℃煅烧2h,待马弗炉降至室温取出黄白色粉末即为类石墨烯碳氮化合物(g-C3N4);
(2)取一定量的类石墨烯碳氮化合物(g-C3N4)加入25mL单口圆底烧瓶,加入一定量次磷酸钠(分子式NaH2PO2)和硫酸镍的混合水溶液,加入适量水,混合均匀后通入氮气30-40min以除去反应体系中氧气,然后置于氙灯下光照,光照时保持均匀搅拌;
(3)反应结束后,使用离心分离将固体分离,去离子水离心洗涤5-8次,乙醇洗涤1-3次,将所得固体物质氮气吹燥,所得黑色固体物质即为产品无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1制备的无定型磷化镍/类石墨烯碳氮化合物复合催化剂,其特征在于用于光催化产氢反应。
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