CN107119471A - 一种基于喷墨印花技术的活性染料拔染印花工艺 - Google Patents

一种基于喷墨印花技术的活性染料拔染印花工艺 Download PDF

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CN107119471A
CN107119471A CN201710404568.3A CN201710404568A CN107119471A CN 107119471 A CN107119471 A CN 107119471A CN 201710404568 A CN201710404568 A CN 201710404568A CN 107119471 A CN107119471 A CN 107119471A
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王树根
朱逸行
朱志祥
傅小琴
蒋静
邵健萍
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Shaoxing Keqiao Stronger Assistant Co Ltd
Jiangnan University
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Jiangnan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于喷墨印花技术的活性染料拔染印花工艺,属于喷墨印花技术领域。本发明的工艺,包括以下步骤:上浆、烘干、染地色、计算机印花分色描搞(CAD)编辑处理、制备拔染墨水及喷印、汽蒸固色、水洗烘干。本发明公开的基于喷墨印花技术的活性染料拔染印花工艺简单,操作方便,拔染的花纹可以用计算机印花分色描搞(CAD)编辑处理,得到想要的图案,再由计算机控制喷墨嘴印制出图案,印制的花纹轮廓清晰,色彩逼真绚丽,双面均可以获得较好的印花效果,同时可以节约用量及成本。

Description

一种基于喷墨印花技术的活性染料拔染印花工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于喷墨印花技术的活性染料拔染印花工艺,属于喷墨印花技术领域。
背景技术
纺织品印花的历史悠久,早在唐代就开始了镂空模板印花技术,随着时代的不断发展,纺织品印花技术越来越成熟,传统的纺织品印花包括图案设计、雕刻制网、调浆、印花、后处理。虽然也能满足生产需求,但传统的印花不论是平网还是圆网,都存在着印制过程复杂,设计费用高,工作量大,时间长,污染环境等缺点,近年来随着计算机、信息等技术的发展,数码喷墨印花技术越来越受到人们的重视。
喷墨印花,也称为数码印花,是通过纺织品专用的喷墨打印机将数字图案打印在纺织品上,这种专用的喷墨印花机称为数码印花机。随着经济水平的不断增长,物质生活水平地逐渐提高,人们对纺织品的要求也在提高,数码喷墨印花技术作为一种全新的印花技术,近年来发展迅速,它摒弃了传统印花复杂的制版工艺,具有快速、灵活、精细等特点,印花工艺相较于传统印花更加节约染化料与水资源,提高分辨率和准确的样品,工艺简单,无需制网打样,可实现及时交货,自动化程度高,全程计算机控制,生产环境适应性强,颜色丰富多彩,墨水无浪费,无环境污染,是真正的生态型高技术印花工艺,能够满足当今纺织品市场对小批量、多品种、高精准及生态环保型的需求,其发展前景广阔,越来越多的科研单位及高校加入到了对喷墨印花技术的研究行列。
喷墨印花技术现在虽然已经开发研究了很多,但还存在许多的缺点,首先是设备成本高,喷头的价格大概都在一万元以上,而现在的喷墨打印所使用的墨水的粘度、稳定性均不能满足高质量喷墨印花的要求,经常会堵塞喷头,这样一来喷印的成本就大大提高;其次是印花的速度比较慢,虽然相较于传统印花速度稍快,但仍不能满足大批量生产的速度的要求。
目前的活性染料拔染印花也存在大量的问题。工艺大多都是采用印花网印制,主要存在以下三方面的缺点:一是用印花网拔染印花的花纹部分轮廓不清晰,容易渗化,影响印花的效果;二是印制过程中容易沾染地色,造成地色沾污,使得织物不清洁;三是印制过程费时费力,不容易控制且用量大,造成染化料的大量浪费。因此需要一种新的技术来解决上述出现的问题。
虽然很多专利公开了活性染料喷墨印花工艺的报道,但利用喷墨印花技术进行拔染工艺的报道却鲜有;也有报道采用的拔染墨水为无甲醛拔白剂,拔黑墨水为耐拔染料和无甲醛拔白剂的混合溶剂,并没有对喷墨拔染印花进行详细的描述,目前对于用喷墨印花机进行活性染料拔染印花的技术还没有相关研究,常规的活性染料拔染色浆处方只适用于手工平网印花及圆网印花,不能用于喷墨印花,会堵塞喷头,需要开发适用于喷墨印花机喷印的拔染墨水,采用合理的喷墨拔染印花工艺得到花纹轮廓清晰的织物。此外,已有报道的这些方法无法进行双面拔染。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种活性染料拔染印花工艺,本发明工艺是基于喷墨印花技术的工艺,可以为工业化生产提供借鉴作用。
本发明的活性染料拔染印花工艺,步骤如下:上浆→烘干→染地色→计算机印花分色描搞(CAD)编辑处理→制备拔染墨水及喷印→汽蒸固色→水洗烘干。
在一种实施方式中,所述工艺具体是:先使用上浆剂对织物进行上浆处理,然后将经过上浆处理后的织物烘干;采用轧染的工艺,使用地色染料进行染色;计算机印花分色描搞(CAD)编辑处理,并制备拔染墨水,采用喷墨印花装置进行喷印;经汽蒸固色、水洗烘干,得到处理好的织物。
在一种实施方式中,所述上浆剂包含:30~35%海藻酸钠糊,2~4%分散剂,1~3%防泳移剂。
在一种实施方式中,所述地色染料为乙烯砜型的活性染料,采用轧染工艺,处方为:活性染料3%、尿素3~5%、防染盐S 1~3%、小苏打1~2%、海藻酸钠糊50~60%、总液量100%。
本发明中,若无特殊说明,百分数是指质量百分数;海藻酸钠糊中海藻酸钠的质量浓度为6%。
在一种实施方式中,所述拔染墨水的主要成分为1%-10%的还原染料,5%-20%的二甘醇,5%-10%的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,0.1%-2%的聚乙二醇三甲基壬基醚,10%-20%的乙二醇,5%-10%的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚,5%-20%的尿素,0.1%-2%的EDTA-2Na,0.1%-2%的聚醚改性有机硅消泡剂,0.1%-2%的1,2-苯丙异噻唑啉-3-酮,10%-20%的雕白粉,1%-5%的纯碱,0.1%-2%的保险粉,其余加去离子水补满100%。
在一种实施方式中,所述汽蒸固色,先将织物在80℃汽蒸30min,再在120-140℃进行汽蒸固色。
在一种实施方式中,所述水洗烘干工序是先将汽蒸固色后的织物用冷水淋洗,再用50-60℃的热水冲洗,然后在热风下烘干。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)设计灵活,无需制网,不受图案中颜色套数的限制,可印制出高质量的颜色效果。
(2)只需要使用恒定的基本色油墨(黄、品红、青和黑色)就可以得到所需的颜色。换批效率高,只需将新图案的信息送到喷墨印花机即可换批。
(3)工艺操作简单,生产成本低,适合批量化生产等优点,且采用喷墨印花机进行拔染喷印,花纹不易渗化,轮廓清晰且图案生动逼真,双面均能达到很好的印花效果。
(4)拔染墨水的渗透性好,流畅性好,不易堵塞喷头,印花分辨率高,分辨率高达2880dpi,色彩鲜明逼真,可获得照片的效果,印花速度更快,可达200m2/h。
(5)占地面积小,在办公室或在家即可印花,既节省时间也减少劳动力。
(6)没有染料和助剂的浪费,无污水排放。喷印过程中不用水,不用调制色浆,无废染液色浆,噪音小,不会对环境造成破坏,不会对周围环境造成噪音影响。
具体实施方案
下面是对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例1
一种基于喷墨印花技术的活性染料拔染印花工艺,包括以下步骤:上浆→烘干→染地色→计算机设计图案→制备拔染墨水及喷印→汽蒸固色→水洗烘干。
(1)上浆处理:上浆剂的处方为:30%海藻酸钠糊,3%分散剂,2%防泳移剂。
(2)烘干:将经过上浆处理后的织物在80烘干至6成干。
(3)染地色:采用轧染的工艺进行染色。活性染料地色轧染液的处方为:活性染料X:3%、尿素5%、防染盐S 2%、小苏打2%、海藻酸钠糊50%、总液量100%。
(4)计算机印花分色描搞(CAD)编辑处理:通过描搞编辑处理,得到想要的图案,再由计算机控制喷墨嘴。
(5)制备拔染墨水及喷印:拔染墨水的处方为还原染料6%,二甘醇8%,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺5%,聚乙二醇三甲基壬基醚1%,乙二醇12%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚5%,尿素5%,EDTA-2Na 1%,聚醚改性有机硅消泡剂0.5%,1,2-苯丙异噻唑啉-3-酮1%,雕白粉10%,纯碱2%,保险粉0.5%,去离子水43%。
制备步骤为将上述物质依次加到烧瓶中,混合并搅拌均匀,然后将其依次通过1.5微米、0.52微米、0.2微米的滤膜进行过滤除杂,制备高渗透喷墨印花拔染活性墨水。使用上述的拔染墨水采用喷墨印花装置进行喷印。
(6)汽蒸固色:将上述织物在80℃汽蒸30min,再在120℃汽蒸10min进行固色处理。
(7)水洗烘干:将汽蒸固色后的织物用冷水淋洗,水温为15℃,洗涤时间为5min,再用50-60℃的热水冲洗,洗涤时间为5min,然后在热风下烘干。
在上述拔染印花后采用如下的方法测试拔染性能
(1)表观特征值K/S
用Datacolor 650反射分光光度仪测定试样的表观色深K/S值,采用SAV小孔径、D65光源和10°视角,每个布样测量四次取平均值
(2)色牢度
按照GB/T 3921-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐皂洗色牢度》进行测定。分别用GB/T250-2008《评定变色用灰色样卡》、GB/T 251-2008《评定沾色用灰色样卡》评定变色牢度和沾色牢度。按照GT/B 3920-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐摩擦色牢度》进行测定。用灰色样卡评定摩擦布的沾色。
测试结果如表1所示。
表1
经上述工艺喷墨拔染印花的织物色泽鲜艳,花纹轮廓清晰,无明显渗化,拔染区域正面K/S值为14.3,反面K/S值为12.4,正反面均能达到良好的拔染效果,干摩擦及湿摩擦牢度均达到5级,水洗牢度可达4-5级。同时,对拔染墨水的打印流畅性测试显示,24小时内没有出现断线堵塞情况,流畅性良好。
实施例2
一种基于喷墨印花技术的活性染料拔染印花工艺,包括以下步骤:上浆→烘干→染地色→计算机设计图案→制备拔染墨水及喷印→汽蒸固色→水洗烘干。
(1)上浆处理:上浆剂的处方为:35%海藻酸钠糊,4%分散剂,3%防泳移剂。
(2)烘干:将经过上浆处理后的织物在80烘干至6成干。
(3)染地色:采用轧染的工艺进行染色。活性染料地色轧染液的处方为:活性染料X:3%、尿素5%、防染盐S 2%、小苏打2%、海藻酸钠糊60%、总液量100%。
(4)计算机印花分色描搞(CAD)编辑处理:通过描搞编辑处理,得到想要的图案,再由计算机控制喷墨嘴。
(5)制备拔染墨水及喷印:拔染墨水的处方为还原染料8%,二甘醇10%,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺5%,聚乙二醇三甲基壬基醚1%,乙二醇10%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚5%,尿素5%,EDTA-2Na 1%,聚醚改性有机硅消泡剂1%,1,2-苯丙异噻唑啉-3-酮0.5%,雕白粉20%,纯碱2%,保险粉0.5%,去离子水31%。
制备步骤为将上述物质依次加到烧瓶中,混合并搅拌均匀,然后将其依次通过1.5微米、0.52微米、0.2微米的滤膜进行过滤除杂,制备高渗透喷墨印花拔染活性墨水。使用上述的拔染墨水采用喷墨印花装置进行喷印。
(6)汽蒸固色:将上述织物在80℃汽蒸30min,再在130℃汽蒸10min进行固色处理。
(7)水洗烘干:将汽蒸固色后的织物用冷水淋洗,水温为15℃,洗涤时间为5min,再用50-60℃的热水冲洗,洗涤时间为5min,然后在热风下烘干。
在上述拔染印花后采用如下的方法测试拔染性能。
(1)表观特征值K/S
用Datacolor 650反射分光光度仪测定试样的表观色深K/S值,采用SAV小孔径、D65光源和10°视角,每个布样测量四次取平均值
(2)色牢度
按照GB/T 3921-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐皂洗色牢度》进行测定。分别用GB/T250-2008《评定变色用灰色样卡》、GB/T 251-2008《评定沾色用灰色样卡》评定变色牢度和沾色牢度。按照GT/B 3920-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐摩擦色牢度》进行测定。用灰色样卡评定摩擦布的沾色。
测试结果如表2所示。
表2
经上述工艺喷墨拔染印花的织物色泽鲜艳,花纹轮廓清晰,无明显渗化,拔染区域正面K/S值为15.1,反面K/S值为13.6,正反面均达到了良好的拔染效果干摩擦牢度达到5级,湿摩擦牢度达到4-5级,水洗牢度可达4-5级。同时,对拔染墨水的打印流畅性测试显示,24小时内没有出现断线堵塞情况,流畅性良好。
对照例1:不同拔染墨水对拔染效果的影响
采用不同配方的拔染墨水进行拔染,其他步骤或者方法与实施例2一致。
拔染墨水配方A:与实施例2的拔染墨水相比,用去离子水替代了聚乙二醇三甲基壬基醚及尿素,其他组分、比例与实施例2一致。
拔染墨水配方B:与实施例2的拔染墨水相比,用去离子水替代尿素,其他组分、比例与实施例2一致。
拔染墨水配方C:与实施例2的拔染墨水相比,聚乙二醇三甲基壬基醚及尿素的添加比例分别调整为3%和25%,其他组分和比例与实施例2一致。
在上述拔染印花后采用如下的方法测试拔染性能。结果表3所示。而使用配方C进行上机打印流畅性测试,运行20小时左右出现断线堵塞情况。
表3
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种活性染料拔染印花工艺,其特征在于,所述工艺的步骤如下:上浆→烘干→染地色→计算机印花分色描搞(CAD)编辑处理→制备拔染墨水及喷印→汽蒸固色→水洗烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述工艺具体是:先使用上浆剂对织物进行上浆处理,然后将经过上浆处理后的织物烘干;采用轧染的工艺,使用地色染料进行染色;计算机印花分色描搞(CAD)编辑处理,并制备拔染墨水,采用喷墨印花装置进行喷印;经汽蒸固色、水洗烘干,得到处理好的织物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述上浆剂包含:30~35%海藻酸钠糊,2~4%分散剂,1~3%防泳移剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述地色染料为乙烯砜型的活性染料,采用轧染工艺,处方为:活性染料3%、尿素3~5%、防染盐S 1~3%、小苏打1~2%、海藻酸钠糊50~60%、总液量100%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述拔染墨水的主要成分为1%-10%的还原染料,5%-20%的二甘醇,5%-10%的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,0.1%-2%的聚乙二醇三甲基壬基醚,10%-20%的乙二醇,5%-10%的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚,5%-20%的尿素,0.1%-2%的EDTA-2Na,0.1%-2%的聚醚改性有机硅消泡剂,0.1%-2%的1,2-苯丙异噻唑啉-3-酮,10%-20%的雕白粉,1%-5%的纯碱,0.1%-2%的保险粉,其余加去离子水补满100%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述汽蒸固色,先将织物在80℃汽蒸30min,再在120-140℃进行汽蒸固色。
7.根据权利要求1所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述水洗烘干工序是先将汽蒸固色后的织物用冷水淋洗,再用50-60℃的热水冲洗,然后在热风下烘干。
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