CN107094445A - One cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses one cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method, be related to planting technology field, comprise the following steps：(1) planting site is selected；(2) site preparation and basal dressing；(3) choose seeds；(4) Seeds preprocess；(5) sow；(6) field management；(7) harvest.The present invention provide one cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method it is easily operated, by sunflower interplanting in peanut ground, two kinds of crops of one high and one low realize solid growth, make full use of the space in soil, light, temperature, water, fertile resource, the peanut and sunflower seeds of output high-quality, management cost is reduced, with good economy, ecological benefits.

Description

One cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method

Technical field

The present invention relates to planting technology field, more particularly to one cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method.

Background technology

Peanut also known as peanut, belong to Papilionaceae Arachis annual herb plant.The band of South America one is originated in, the country of peanut is cultivated in the world 100 Multiple, Asia is the most universal, and secondary is Africa, and cultivation history is recorded about earlier than European more than 100 years about the document of peanut according to China.Peanut is praised by people For " Vegetable meat ", oil content is up to 50%, best in quality, smell delicate fragrance.In addition to edible, printing and dyeing, paper industry are additionally operable to, peanut is also A herb, is applicable malnutritive, taste imbalance, cough asthma due to excessive phlegm, milk and the disease such as lacks.The cultivation management technology of peanut is also relatively strong.

Sunflower also known as sunflower, sunflower, heronsbill, its whole body are all precious, and in addition to seed directly extracts oil, the byproduct after refined oil is fabulous cosmetic Product raw material；Oil cake after oil expression contains abundant nutrition, and wherein nitrogen-containing compound, which accounts for 41.5%, cellulose and accounts for 16.0%, content of mineral substances, accounts for 6.7 %, also containing a small amount of lipid, it is not yet found that toxin.Oil cake contains about 30%-36% protein, including abundant sulfur-bearing amino Acid；Globulin accounts for 55%-60% in white, and albumin accounts for 17%-23%, and glutelin accounts for 11%-17%；Compared with other oil crops, sunflower Oil cake has higher nutritive value as animal feed, is the concentrated feed of domestic birds and animals, especially feeds milk cow best.Contain crude protein in certain herbaceous plants with big flowers disk 7%-9%, crude fat 6.5%-10.5%, Crude starch 40%-48.9%.Its crude protein content is close with oat grain, barley corn, and crude fat contains Amount is higher by more than one times；It is fabulous concentrated feed to contain pig feeding after a large amount of pectin, dried and crushed in certain herbaceous plants with big flowers disk simultaneously；It is suitably added a little in other roughages Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers disk chaff, adds water after boiling just into adhesive chaff congee, pig prefers to eat；The stalk of sunflower slightly grow it is hard, can be used as vegetable cultivation on support, Contain a large amount of fibers in stalk, be the raw material of papermaking, moreover it is possible to pressboard, sunflower is good nectar source crop again, the florescence is longer, honeydew compared with Many, pollen amount is big.

Current Farmers are in agricultural production, typically based on the plantation of single variety, can seldom utilize the otherness grown between plant variety to enter and in the ranks make, this Planting pattern is planted, land utilization ratio is low, the raising of farmers' income reaches by the increase of single variety yield, is so unfavorable for increasing income for peasant.

The content of the invention

To solve the above problems, the method for interplanting sunflower of being cultivated peanut the invention provides one.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention is achieved：

One cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method, comprise the following steps：

(1) planting site is selected：Select lighter color, quality is loose, soil layer is deep, well-drained light weight sand quality block；

(2) site preparation and basal dressing：Ridge is made after soil deeptillage, rake, pressure, prepares the plot of plastic film mulching cultivation, makes bottom width 75-80cm, furrow high The micro-ridge that 20-25cm is wide, 15cm is high is made in the middle of 5cm, the wide 65-70cm of furrow face furrow, furrow and furrow, in case the use that fetched earth during sowing；Apply the excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed Fertilizer makees base manure, and mu applies 2000-3000kg；

(3) choose seeds：Peanut selects improved seeds, and benevolence is big and neat, full seed, color and luster are good, it is desirable to which germination percentage is up to more than 95%；Sunflower selects Yield is high, the improved seeds that commodity is good, disease resistance is strong, empty flat rate is low, germination percentage is high；

(4) Seeds preprocess：Peanut will be basked seeds before broadcasting with shell, select fine day, and in dry place, peanut is laid on mat, thick 10cm or so, Stirred once, shine 2-3 days every 1-2 hours, peel off the time preferably sowing first 10-15 days, seed mixes peanut nodule bacterium powder, and every mu is used 25g bacterium Powder adds clear water 100-150ml to be tuned into bacterium solution, equably mixes on seed；Sunflower seed 500 times of carbendazim immersion kind 6 hours, dosage is to plant The 0.5-0.6% of son amount, then shines sunflower seed 2-3 days；

(5) sow：Mid-April, peanut is sowed, deep 5 cms of first ditching apply every mu 10-15 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 5-8 kilograms of potassium sulfate Make seed manure, per bunch planting 2, every mu of 8000-10000 cave；Peanut is sowed after 2 weeks, starts to sow sunflower, using bunch planting, the interplanting of 2 row peanuts 1 row sunflower, the deep about 2-3cm in cave, per cave 4-5, spacing in the rows 40-50cm；Peanut and sunflower spacing 20-25cm；

(6) field management：

A. clear is carried out when fresh branches and leaves of peanut seedling all sprouts substantially, all weeds of seedling is first pulled out, then soil is pushed aside, cotyledon is basseted, through or so two weeks after clear Banket again and bury nest；Three tillage and weedings are carried out at seedling stage, group's phase, florescence；Post flowering two weeks is earthed up, should not be blocked up, is advisable with 3cm；

B. sunflower needs water more, typically waters 3 times, and the first water, to maturation, is poured in squaring period, the second water in peak period of blooming, the 3rd water in final period of blooming Water requires shallow and pours fast steamer, and water is done with crossing；The sunflower seeding stage looks into seedling, filled the gaps with seedlings in time；Points of 2 times progress of weeding, the 1st time when being shallow intertillage, in 3-4 Thinning is combined during to true leaf to carry out, is carried out within the 2nd time 15 days or so before buddingging, and during the 2nd weeding, to combine ridging mound to basal part of stem, Foundation enhancing wind loading rating is reinforced, prevents sunflower from being lodged because of strong wind；Strengthen blooming period management, it is found that sunflower branching should remove wooden fork immediately, reduce moisture With the consumption of nutrient, it is ensured that the need for stem floral disc is to nutrient and moisture；When watering first time, every mu chases after urea 15-20kg, waters for the second time When every mu chase after carbon ammonium 50kg, being watered 30kg with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100-150g in every mu of sunflower pustulation period is sprayed；

C. in peanut and sunflower growth period attention control pest and disease damage；

(7) harvest：Come off when peanut middle and lower part blade turns Huang, Fruit pod maturation can harvest peanut in time；When the oily sunflower disk back side in full field present yellow-white, Stalk turns yellow, and middle and upper part blade moves back green flavescence, and this kind inherent colour and speckle is presented in pericarp, you can manually harvested；When the flavescence of plant stalk, Blade is withered sagging or come off, floral disc yellowish-brown, and ligulate flower is wilting to come off, and mechanical harvest can be carried out when pericarp is hard.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention provide one cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method it is easily operated, by sunflower interplanting in peanut ground, one High short two kinds of crops realize solid growth, make full use of the space in soil, light, temperature, water, fertile resource, the peanut and sunflower seeds of output high-quality, Management cost is reduced, with good economy, ecological benefits.

Embodiment

In order that the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention are easy to understand, with reference to instantiation, further explain State the present invention.

Embodiment one：

One cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method, comprise the following steps：

(1) planting site is selected：Select lighter color, quality is loose, soil layer is deep, well-drained light weight sand quality block；

(2) site preparation and basal dressing：Ridge is made after soil deeptillage, rake, pressure, prepares the plot of plastic film mulching cultivation, makes the high 5cm of bottom width 75cm, furrow, The micro-ridge that 20cm is wide, 15cm is high is made in the middle of the wide 65cm of furrow face furrow, furrow and furrow, in case the use that fetched earth during sowing；Apply the muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed and make base manure, Mu applies 2000kg；

(3) choose seeds：Peanut selects improved seeds, and benevolence is big and neat, full seed, color and luster are good, it is desirable to which germination percentage is up to more than 95%；Sunflower selects Yield is high, the improved seeds that commodity is good, disease resistance is strong, empty flat rate is low, germination percentage is high；

(4) Seeds preprocess：Peanut will be basked seeds before broadcasting with shell, select fine day, and in dry place, peanut is laid on mat, thick 10cm or so, Stirred once every 1 hour, shine 2 days, peel off the time preferably sowing first 10 days, seed mixes peanut nodule bacterium powder, every mu is added with 25g bacterium powders Clear water 100ml is tuned into bacterium solution, equably mixes on seed；Sunflower seed 500 times of carbendazim immersion kind 6 hours, dosage is grain weight 0.5-0.6%, then shines sunflower seed 2 days；

(5) sow：Mid-April, peanut is sowed, first ditch depth 5cm or so, applies 10 kilograms of every mu of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate and makees seed manure, often Bunch planting 2, every mu of 8000 caves；Peanut is sowed after 2 weeks, starts to sow sunflower, using bunch planting, 1 row peanut interplants 1 row sunflower, and cave is deep About 2cm, per 4, cave, spacing in the rows 40cm；Peanut and sunflower spacing 20cm；

(6) field management：

A. clear is carried out when fresh branches and leaves of peanut seedling all sprouts substantially, all weeds of seedling is first pulled out, then soil is pushed aside, cotyledon is basseted, through or so two weeks after clear Banket again and bury nest；Three tillage and weedings are carried out at seedling stage, group's phase, florescence；Post flowering two weeks is earthed up, should not be blocked up, is advisable with 3cm；

B. sunflower needs water more, typically waters 3 times, and the first water, to maturation, is poured in squaring period, the second water in peak period of blooming, the 3rd water in final period of blooming Water requires shallow and pours fast steamer, and water is done with crossing；The sunflower seeding stage looks into seedling, filled the gaps with seedlings in time；Points of 2 times progress of weeding, the 1st time when being shallow intertillage, in 3-4 Thinning is combined during to true leaf to carry out, is carried out within the 2nd time 15 days or so before buddingging, and during the 2nd weeding, to combine ridging mound to basal part of stem, Foundation enhancing wind loading rating is reinforced, prevents sunflower from being lodged because of strong wind；Strengthen blooming period management, it is found that sunflower branching should remove wooden fork immediately, reduce moisture With the consumption of nutrient, it is ensured that the need for stem floral disc is to nutrient and moisture；When watering first time, every mu chases after urea 15kg, every when watering for the second time Mu chases after carbon ammonium 50kg, and being watered 30kg with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g in every mu of sunflower pustulation period is sprayed；

C. in peanut and sunflower growth period attention control pest and disease damage；

(7) harvest：Come off when peanut middle and lower part blade turns Huang, Fruit pod maturation can harvest peanut in time；When the oily sunflower disk back side in full field present yellow-white, Stalk turns yellow, and middle and upper part blade moves back green flavescence, and this kind inherent colour and speckle is presented in pericarp, you can manually harvested；When the flavescence of plant stalk, Blade is withered sagging or come off, floral disc yellowish-brown, and ligulate flower is wilting to come off, and mechanical harvest can be carried out when pericarp is hard.

Embodiment two：

One cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method, comprise the following steps：

(1) planting site is selected：Select lighter color, quality is loose, soil layer is deep, well-drained light weight sand quality block；

(2) site preparation and basal dressing：Ridge is made after soil deeptillage, rake, pressure, prepares the plot of plastic film mulching cultivation, makes the high 5cm of bottom width 80cm, furrow, The micro-ridge that 25cm is wide, 15cm is high is made in the middle of the wide 70cm of furrow face furrow, furrow and furrow, in case the use that fetched earth during sowing；Apply the muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed and make base manure, Mu applies 3000kg；

(3) choose seeds：Peanut selects improved seeds, and benevolence is big and neat, full seed, color and luster are good, it is desirable to which germination percentage is up to more than 95%；Sunflower selects Yield is high, the improved seeds that commodity is good, disease resistance is strong, empty flat rate is low, germination percentage is high；

(4) Seeds preprocess：Peanut will be basked seeds before broadcasting with shell, select fine day, and in dry place, peanut is laid on mat, thick 10cm or so, Stirred once every 2 hours, shine 3 days, peel off the time preferably sowing first 15 days, seed mixes peanut nodule bacterium powder, every mu is added with 25g bacterium powders Clear water 150ml is tuned into bacterium solution, equably mixes on seed；Sunflower seed 500 times of carbendazim immersion kind 6 hours, dosage is grain weight 0.5-0.6%, then shines sunflower seed 3 days；

(5) sow：Mid-April, peanut is sowed, deep 5 cms of first ditching apply 15 kilograms of every mu of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 5-8 kilograms of work of potassium sulfate Seed manure, per bunch planting 2, every mu of 10000 caves；Sow peanut after 2 weeks, start to sow sunflower, using bunch planting, 2 row peanuts interplant 1 row to Day certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, the deep about 3cm in cave, per 5, cave, spacing in the rows 50cm；Peanut and sunflower spacing 25cm；

(6) field management：

A. clear is carried out when fresh branches and leaves of peanut seedling all sprouts substantially, all weeds of seedling is first pulled out, then soil is pushed aside, cotyledon is basseted, through or so two weeks after clear Banket again and bury nest；Three tillage and weedings are carried out at seedling stage, group's phase, florescence；Post flowering two weeks is earthed up, should not be blocked up, is advisable with 3cm；

B. sunflower needs water more, typically waters 3 times, and the first water, to maturation, is poured in squaring period, the second water in peak period of blooming, the 3rd water in final period of blooming Water requires shallow and pours fast steamer, and water is done with crossing；The sunflower seeding stage looks into seedling, filled the gaps with seedlings in time；Points of 2 times progress of weeding, the 1st time when being shallow intertillage, in 3-4 Thinning is combined during to true leaf to carry out, is carried out within the 2nd time 15 days or so before buddingging, and during the 2nd weeding, to combine ridging mound to basal part of stem, Foundation enhancing wind loading rating is reinforced, prevents sunflower from being lodged because of strong wind；Strengthen blooming period management, it is found that sunflower branching should remove wooden fork immediately, reduce moisture With the consumption of nutrient, it is ensured that the need for stem floral disc is to nutrient and moisture；When watering first time, every mu chases after urea 20kg, every when watering for the second time Mu chases after carbon ammonium 50kg, and being watered 30kg with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150g in every mu of sunflower pustulation period is sprayed；

C. in peanut and sunflower growth period attention control pest and disease damage；

(7) harvest：Come off when peanut middle and lower part blade turns Huang, Fruit pod maturation can harvest peanut in time；When the oily sunflower disk back side in full field present yellow-white, Stalk turns yellow, and middle and upper part blade moves back green flavescence, and this kind inherent colour and speckle is presented in pericarp, you can manually harvested；When the flavescence of plant stalk, Blade is withered sagging or come off, floral disc yellowish-brown, and ligulate flower is wilting to come off, and mechanical harvest can be carried out when pericarp is hard.

Claims (1)

1. one cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

(1) planting site is selected：Select lighter color, quality is loose, soil layer is deep, well-drained light weight sand quality block；

(2) site preparation and basal dressing：Ridge is made after soil deeptillage, rake, pressure, prepares the plot of plastic film mulching cultivation, makes bottom width 75-80cm, furrow high The micro-ridge that 20-25cm is wide, 15cm is high is made in the middle of 5cm, the wide 65-70cm of furrow face furrow, furrow and furrow, in case the use that fetched earth during sowing；Apply the excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed Fertilizer makees base manure, and mu applies 2000-3000kg；

(3) choose seeds：Peanut selects improved seeds, and benevolence is big and neat, full seed, color and luster are good, it is desirable to which germination percentage is up to more than 95%；Sunflower selects Yield is high, the improved seeds that commodity is good, disease resistance is strong, empty flat rate is low, germination percentage is high；

(4) Seeds preprocess：Peanut will be basked seeds before broadcasting with shell, select fine day, and in dry place, peanut is laid on mat, thick 10cm or so, Stirred once, shine 2-3 days every 1-2 hours, peel off the time preferably sowing first 10-15 days, seed mixes peanut nodule bacterium powder, and every mu is used 25g bacterium Powder adds clear water 100-150ml to be tuned into bacterium solution, equably mixes on seed；Sunflower seed 500 times of carbendazim immersion kind 6 hours, dosage is to plant The 0.5-0.6% of son amount, then shines sunflower seed 2-3 days；

(5) sow：Mid-April, peanut is sowed, deep 5 cms of first ditching apply every mu 10-15 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 5-8 kilograms of potassium sulfate Make seed manure, per bunch planting 2, every mu of 8000-10000 cave；Peanut is sowed after 2 weeks, starts to sow sunflower, using bunch planting, the interplanting of 2 row peanuts 1 row sunflower, the deep about 2-3cm in cave, per cave 4-5, spacing in the rows 40-50cm；Peanut and sunflower spacing 20-25cm；

(6) field management：

A. clear is carried out when fresh branches and leaves of peanut seedling all sprouts substantially, all weeds of seedling is first pulled out, then soil is pushed aside, cotyledon is basseted, through or so two weeks after clear Banket again and bury nest；Three tillage and weedings are carried out at seedling stage, group's phase, florescence；Post flowering two weeks is earthed up, should not be blocked up, is advisable with 3cm；

B. sunflower needs water more, typically waters 3 times, and the first water, to maturation, is poured in squaring period, the second water in peak period of blooming, the 3rd water in final period of blooming Water requires shallow and pours fast steamer, and water is done with crossing；The sunflower seeding stage looks into seedling, filled the gaps with seedlings in time；Points of 2 times progress of weeding, the 1st time when being shallow intertillage, in 3-4 Thinning is combined during to true leaf to carry out, is carried out within the 2nd time 15 days or so before buddingging, and during the 2nd weeding, to combine ridging mound to basal part of stem, Foundation enhancing wind loading rating is reinforced, prevents sunflower from being lodged because of strong wind；Strengthen blooming period management, it is found that sunflower branching should remove wooden fork immediately, reduce moisture With the consumption of nutrient, it is ensured that the need for stem floral disc is to nutrient and moisture；When watering first time, every mu chases after urea 15-20kg, waters for the second time When every mu chase after carbon ammonium 50kg, being watered 30kg with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100-150g in every mu of sunflower pustulation period is sprayed；

C. in peanut and sunflower growth period attention control pest and disease damage；

(7) harvest：Come off when peanut middle and lower part blade turns Huang, Fruit pod maturation can harvest peanut in time；When the oily sunflower disk back side in full field present yellow-white, Stalk turns yellow, and middle and upper part blade moves back green flavescence, and this kind inherent colour and speckle is presented in pericarp, you can manually harvested；When the flavescence of plant stalk, Blade is withered sagging or come off, floral disc yellowish-brown, and ligulate flower is wilting to come off, and mechanical harvest can be carried out when pericarp is hard.