CN115885799A - Method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflower - Google Patents
Method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflower Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and provides a method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflower. The method comprises the steps of soil preparation, microorganism conditioning, micro-terrain modeling, seeding and fertilizing, sunflower topdressing management and peanut topdressing management. The method for retarding the peanut continuous cropping obstacle and the nitrogen repression by intercropping the sunflowers can solve the problem of the peanut continuous cropping obstacle, reduce the nitrogen repression effect of the peanuts, promote biological nitrogen fixation to reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, effectively improve the light energy utilization rate and further improve the yield and the land utilization rate, and has important significance for improving the overall economic benefit of agricultural production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflowers.
Background
Since the beginning of the 20 th century, the increase in crop yields worldwide has relied to some extent on the increase in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used. However, the crop yield increase obtained by relying on the application of nitrogen fertilizers comes at the cost of increased environmental pollution. The excessive application of the nitrogen fertilizer can cause the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in soil, the acid-base imbalance of the soil and the eutrophication of water bodies, which seriously affects the healthy development of a farmland ecosystem. The main form of inorganic nitrogen in soils is nitrate, and legumes such as peanuts fix nitrogen by forming nodules. By utilizing the nitrogen fixation function of leguminous plants, the yield of crops can be effectively increased by matching a reasonable cultivation system, and the environmental pollution caused by excessive nitrogen application is reduced. However, if the amount of inorganic nitrogen compounds in the soil is increased to a certain amount, the nitrogen fixation efficiency of the legume is reduced, a nitrogen repression effect is generated, and then the nitrogen balance of the plant is destroyed, and the growth and development of the plant are influenced.
The intercropping is a planting mode of planting different types of crops on the same land according to different proportions, and can improve the crop yield by fully utilizing light energy, space and time resources by applying the space structure principle of a community. Reasonable intercropping can effectively improve mineral nutrition of crops, improve biological yield and economic benefit, improve soil utilization rate and fully utilize environmental resources. Researches show that the intercropping of the gramineae and the leguminous plants can promote the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of the leguminous plants. The root system of the gramineous crops can secrete substances which can up-regulate the expression of the key nodulation gene NODL4 and the auxin response gene GH3.1 of the roots of the leguminous crops, so that the genes are over-expressed to promote the secretion and nodulation of flavonoid substances of the leguminous crops, thereby promoting the nitrogen fixation of the leguminous crops. However, few studies have been reported on how to reduce the nitrogen repression effect of peanuts by intercropping plants such as sunflower and leguminous plants such as peanut.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflowers.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression of peanuts by intercropping sunflowers, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Land preparation: ploughing the land 15-20 days before sowing;
(2) And (3) conditioning microorganisms: combining soil preparation, spraying a bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis mixed bacterial solution on soil, applying a base fertilizer, and then raking and compacting;
(3) The structure is moulded to little topography: before or during sowing, adopting mechanical or manual work to construct a wavy micro-terrain structure according to the transverse plastic structure of the farmland, wherein the height intervals of the wave troughs are changed;
(4) Sowing and fertilizing: adopting wide and narrow rows to perform intercropping seeding on the sunflower and the peanut according to an intercropping proportion of 1;
(5) Topdressing management of sunflowers: when 6-8 pairs of true leaves grow out of the sunflower, dressing urea and potassium chloride at a radial distance of 7-10 cm from the root of the sunflower; spraying nutrient solution when the sunflower buds; spraying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution after the sunflower blooms;
(6) And (3) peanut topdressing management: spraying nutrient solution during the flowering period of the peanuts; and spraying foliar fertilizer in the peanut pod maturation period.
Preferably, the depth of the plowing in the step (1) is 20-25 cm.
Preferably, the mixed bacterial liquid in the step (2) is prepared by mixing a bacillus subtilis preparation and a bacillus licheniformis preparation according to the mass ratio of 1-3;
the application amount of the base fertilizer is 300-500 kg/mu, and the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 to 80 portions of decomposed pig manure, 8 to 10 portions of grass carbon, 3 to 5 portions of calcium superphosphate, 2 to 3 portions of phosphoric diamine and 1.5 to 2.5 portions of potassium sulfate.
Preferably, in the undulating micro-terrain structure in the step (3), the vertical distance between the wave crest and the high wave trough is 18-30 cm, and the vertical distance between the low wave trough and the high wave trough is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the peanuts are sown in a wide-narrow row mode in the step (4), and the intercropping sowing according to the intercropping proportion of 1;
in the intercropping seeding process, the seeding depth of the sunflower is 3-5 cm, the seeding depth of the peanut is 4-6 cm, the plant spacing of the sunflower is 35-50 cm, the plant spacing of the peanut is 10-15 cm, 2 seeds are planted in each hole of the peanut, the row spacing of the sunflower is 90-120 cm, the row spacing of the sunflower and the peanut is 25-35 cm, the narrow row spacing of the peanut is 40-50 cm, and the wide row spacing of the peanut is 50-70 cm.
Preferably, the urea dressing amount in the step (5) is 10-15 kg/mu, and the potassium chloride dressing amount is 8-10 kg/mu.
Preferably, the nutrient solution in step (5) uses water as a solvent, and comprises the following components in concentration: 0.2-0.4 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 mg/L of copper sulfate, 2-4 mg/L of manganese sulfate, 0.01-0.03 mg/L of ammonium molybdate, and the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 0.5-1 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the step (5), the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution is 1-3.
Preferably, the nutrient solution in step (6) uses water as a solvent, and comprises the following components in concentration: 0.5-1 mg/L of boron fertilizer, 150-200 mg/L of calcium nitrate, and the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 30-40 kg/mu.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in the step (6) takes water as a solvent, and comprises the following components in concentration: 100-150 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 1-3 g/L of urea and 20-30 kg/mu of spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, a wave-shaped micro-terrain structure is formed mechanically or manually according to horizontal plastic structure of a farmland, the height intervals of wave troughs are changed, and sunflowers and peanuts are reasonably planted in wide and narrow rows according to the intercropping proportion of 1.
2. Compared with single cropping, the sunflower in the intercropping mode of the invention has no shading influence of surrounding plants, so that the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO are increased 2 The concentration and the transpiration rate are obviously improved, and the yield is further increased.
3. The method of the invention can effectively improve the light energy utilization rate and further improve the yield, can promote the nodulation of the peanuts so as to improve the nitrogen fixation capacity of the peanuts, reduces the use of nitrogen fertilizers, improves the land utilization rate, and has important significance for improving the overall economic benefit of intercropping planting.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the intercropping method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression of peanuts by intercropping sunflowers, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Land preparation: ploughing the land 15-20 days before sowing;
(2) And (3) conditioning microorganisms: combining soil preparation, spraying a bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis mixed bacterial solution on soil, applying a base fertilizer, and then raking and compacting;
(3) Micro-terrain modeling: before or during sowing, adopting mechanical or manual work to construct a wavy micro-terrain structure according to the transverse plastic structure of the farmland, wherein the height intervals of the wave troughs are changed;
(4) Sowing and fertilizing: adopting wide and narrow rows to carry out intercropping seeding on the sunflower and the peanut according to an intercropping proportion of 1;
(5) And (3) topdressing management of sunflowers: when 6-8 pairs of true leaves grow out of the sunflower, dressing urea and potassium chloride at a radial distance of 7-10 cm from the root of the sunflower; spraying nutrient solution when the sunflower buds; spraying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution after the sunflower blooms;
(6) And (3) peanut topdressing management: spraying nutrient solution during the flowering period of the peanuts; and spraying foliar fertilizer in the peanut pod maturation period.
In the present invention, the soil is plowed 15 to 20 days before the sowing in the step (1), and more preferably, the soil is plowed 18 days before the sowing.
In the present invention, the depth of the plowing in the step (1) is preferably 20 to 25cm, more preferably 22 to 24cm, and still more preferably 23cm.
In the invention, the mixed bacterial liquid in the step (2) is preferably prepared by mixing a bacillus subtilis preparation and a bacillus licheniformis preparation according to a mass ratio of 1-3; the number of live bacteria in the bacillus subtilis preparation is preferably 300-500 hundred million/g, and more preferably 400 hundred million/g; the number of live bacteria in the bacillus licheniformis preparation is preferably 700-900 hundred million/g, and more preferably 800 hundred million/g; the dosage of the mixed microbial preparation is preferably 200-400 g/mu, and more preferably 300 g/mu;
the application amount of the base fertilizer is preferably 300-500 kg/mu, and more preferably 400 kg/mu; the base fertilizer preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of decomposed pig manure, 8-10 parts of grass carbon, 3-5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2-3 parts of diammonium phosphate and 1.5-2.5 parts of potassium sulfate, and further preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of decomposed pig manure, 9 parts of grass carbon, 4 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2.5 parts of diamine phosphate and 2 parts of potassium sulfate.
In the invention, in the wavy micro-terrain structure in the step (3), the vertical distance between the wave crest and the high wave trough is preferably 18-30 cm, and more preferably 25cm; the vertical distance between the low wave trough and the high wave trough is preferably 5-10 cm, and more preferably 8cm.
In the invention, in the step (4), the sunflower and the peanut are intercropped in wide and narrow rows according to an intercropping proportion of 1.
In the invention, the peanuts in the step (4) are preferably sown in a wide-narrow row mode, and the intercropping sowing according to the intercropping proportion of 1;
in the intercropping and sowing process, the sowing depth of the sunflowers is preferably 3-5 cm, and further preferably 4cm; the seeding depth of the peanuts is preferably 4-6 cm, and more preferably 5cm; the plant spacing of the sunflowers is preferably 35-50 cm, and more preferably 42cm; the plant spacing of the peanuts is preferably 10-15 cm, and more preferably 13cm; planting 2 peanuts in each hole, wherein the row spacing of the sunflowers is preferably 90-120 cm, and further preferably 105cm; the line spacing between the sunflowers and the peanuts is preferably 25-35 cm, and more preferably 30cm; the narrow row spacing of the peanuts is preferably 40-50 cm, and further preferably 45cm; the wide row spacing of the peanuts is preferably 50 to 70cm, and more preferably 60cm.
In the invention, when 6-8 pairs of true leaves grow out from the sunflower in the step (5), urea and potassium chloride are applied at a radial distance of 7-10 cm from the root of the sunflower; spraying nutrient solution when the sunflower buds; spraying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution after the sunflower blooms, and further preferably dressing urea and potassium chloride at a position 8cm away from the root of the sunflower in the radial direction when 7 pairs of true leaves grow out of the sunflower; spraying nutrient solution when the sunflower buds; and spraying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution after the sunflower blooms.
In the invention, the topdressing amount of the urea in the step (5) is preferably 10-15 kg/mu, and more preferably 13 kg/mu; the topdressing amount of the potassium chloride is 8-10 kg/mu, and more preferably 9 kg/mu.
In the present invention, the nutrient solution in step (5) uses water as a solvent, and preferably comprises the following components in concentration: 0.2-0.4 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 mg/L of copper sulfate, 2-4 mg/L of manganese sulfate, 0.01-0.03 mg/L of ammonium molybdate, more preferably 0.3mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.2mg/L of copper sulfate, 3mg/L of manganese sulfate and 0.02mg/L of ammonium molybdate; the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is preferably 0.5-1 kg/mu, and more preferably 0.7 kg/mu.
In the present invention, in the step (5), the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution is preferably 1 to 3; the spraying amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution is preferably 15-20 kg/mu, and more preferably 18 kg/mu.
In the present invention, the nutrient solution in step (6) uses water as a solvent, and preferably comprises the following components in concentration: 0.5-1 mg/L of boron fertilizer and 150-200 mg/L of calcium nitrate, and preferably 0.8mg/L of boron fertilizer and 170mg/L of calcium nitrate; the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is preferably 30-40 kg/mu, more preferably 33-37 kg/mu, and even more preferably 35 kg/mu.
In the invention, the foliar fertilizer in the step (6) takes water as a solvent, and preferably comprises the following components in concentration: 100-150 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 1-3 g/L of urea, and further preferably 130mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 2g/L of urea; the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer is preferably 20-30 kg/mu, more preferably 22-28 kg/mu, and even more preferably 25 kg/mu.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The sunflower variety used in the following examples and comparative examples was "sunflower F59", the peanut variety was "Fuhua No. 12", and Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis were purchased from Shandong-Yangzhan-Production chemical Co., ltd.
Example 1
A method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflowers comprises the following steps:
(1) Land preparation: ploughing the land 15 days before sowing, wherein the ploughing depth is 20cm;
(2) And (3) conditioning microorganisms: spraying a bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis mixed bacterial solution to soil in combination with land preparation, applying 300kg of a base fertilizer to each mu of soil (the base fertilizer comprises 60 parts of decomposed pig manure, 8 parts of turf, 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of diammonium phosphate and 1.5 parts of potassium sulfate), and then raking and compacting, wherein the mixed bacterial solution is prepared by mixing a bacillus subtilis preparation and a bacillus licheniformis preparation according to a mass ratio of 1;
(3) Micro-terrain modeling: before sowing, adopting a machine to construct a wavy micro-terrain structure according to the transverse plastic structure of a farmland, wherein the height interval of a wave trough is changed, and the vertical distance between a wave crest and a high wave trough is 18cm; the vertical distance between the low wave trough and the high wave trough is 5cm.
(4) Sowing and fertilizing: adopting wide and narrow rows to perform intercropping seeding on the sunflower and the peanut according to an intercropping proportion of 1; the seeding depth of the peanuts is 4cm; the plant spacing of the sunflowers is 35cm; the plant spacing of the peanuts is 10cm; 2 grains are planted in each hole of the peanuts, and the row spacing of the sunflowers is 90cm; the line spacing between the sunflowers and the peanuts is 25cm; the narrow row spacing of the peanuts is 40cm; the wide row spacing of the peanuts is 50cm;
(5) And (3) topdressing management of sunflowers:
when 6 pairs of true leaves grow out of the sunflower, dressing 10kg of urea and 8kg of potassium chloride per mu at a radial distance of 7cm from the root of the sunflower; when the sunflower buds, 0.5kg of nutrient solution is sprayed per mu (the nutrient solution takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components with the concentration of 0.2mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.1mg/L of copper sulfate, 2mg/L of manganese sulfate and 0.01mg/L of ammonium molybdate); after the sunflower blooms, spraying 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution per mu (the content ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1;
(6) And (3) peanut topdressing management:
in the flowering period of peanuts, 30kg of nutrient solution is sprayed per mu (the nutrient solution takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components with the concentration of 0.5mg/L of boric fertilizer and 150mg/L of calcium nitrate); and (2) spraying 20kg of foliar fertilizer (the foliar fertilizer takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components with the concentration of 100mg/L monopotassium phosphate and 1g/L urea) per mu in the peanut pod maturation period.
Example 2
A method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflowers comprises the following steps:
(1) Land preparation: ploughing the land 18 days before sowing, wherein the ploughing depth is 23cm;
(2) And (3) conditioning microorganisms: combining soil preparation, spraying a bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis mixed bacterial solution to soil, applying 400kg of a base fertilizer to each mu of soil (the base fertilizer comprises 70 parts of decomposed pig manure, 9 parts of turf, 4 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2.5 parts of diamine phosphate and 2 parts of potassium sulfate), then raking and compacting, wherein the mixed bacterial solution is prepared by mixing a bacillus subtilis preparation and a bacillus licheniformis preparation according to a mass ratio of 2;
(3) The structure is moulded to little topography: before sowing, adopting a machine to construct a wavy micro-terrain structure according to the transverse plastic structure of a farmland, wherein the height interval of a wave trough is changed, and the vertical distance between a wave crest and a high wave trough is 25cm; the vertical distance between the low wave trough and the high wave trough is 8cm.
(4) Sowing and fertilizing: adopting wide and narrow rows to perform intercropping seeding on the sunflowers and the peanuts according to an intercropping proportion of 1; the seeding depth of the peanuts is 5cm; the plant spacing of the sunflowers is 42cm; the plant spacing of the peanuts is 13cm; planting 2 peanuts in each hole, wherein the row spacing of the sunflowers is 105cm; the line spacing between the sunflowers and the peanuts is 30cm; the narrow row spacing of the peanuts is 45cm; the wide row spacing of the peanuts is 60cm;
(5) Topdressing management of sunflowers:
when 7 pairs of true leaves grow out of the sunflower, additionally applying 13kg of urea and 9kg of potassium chloride per mu at the radial distance of 8cm from the root of the sunflower; when buds appear on sunflowers, 0.7kg of nutrient solution is sprayed per mu (the nutrient solution takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components with the concentration of 0.3mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.2mg/L of copper sulfate, 3mg/L of manganese sulfate and 0.02mg/L of ammonium molybdate); after the sunflower blooms, spraying 18kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution (the content ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 2;
(6) And (3) peanut topdressing management:
in the flowering period of peanuts, 35kg of nutrient solution is sprayed per mu (the nutrient solution takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components with the concentration of 0.8mg/L of boric fertilizer and 170mg/L of calcium nitrate); in the mature period of peanut pods, 25kg of foliar fertilizer (the foliar fertilizer takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components with the concentration of 130mg/L monopotassium phosphate and 2g/L urea) is sprayed on each mu of peanut.
Example 3
A method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflower comprises the following steps:
(1) Land preparation: turning the land 20 days before sowing, wherein the turning depth is 25cm;
(2) And (3) conditioning microorganisms: combining soil preparation, spraying a bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis mixed bacterial solution to soil, applying 500kg of base fertilizer to each mu of soil (the base fertilizer comprises 80 parts of decomposed pig manure, 10 parts of turf, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 parts of diamine phosphate and 2.5 parts of potassium sulfate), then raking and compacting, wherein the mixed bacterial solution is prepared by mixing a bacillus subtilis preparation and a bacillus licheniformis preparation according to the mass ratio of 3;
(3) Micro-terrain modeling: before sowing, adopting mechanical or manual work to construct a wavy micro-terrain structure according to the transverse plastic structure of a farmland, wherein the height interval of a wave trough is changed, and the vertical distance between a wave crest and a high wave trough is 30cm; the vertical distance between the low wave trough and the high wave trough is 10cm.
(4) Sowing and fertilizing: adopting wide and narrow rows to perform intercropping seeding on the sunflowers and the peanuts according to an intercropping proportion of 1; the sowing depth of the peanuts is 6cm; the plant spacing of the sunflowers is 50cm; the plant spacing of the peanuts is 15cm; planting 2 peanuts in each hole, wherein the row spacing of the sunflowers is 120cm; the line spacing between the sunflowers and the peanuts is 35cm; the narrow row spacing of the peanuts is 50cm; the wide row spacing of the peanuts is 70cm;
(5) And (3) topdressing management of sunflowers:
when 8 pairs of true leaves grow out of the sunflower, additionally applying 15kg of urea and 10kg of potassium chloride per mu at a radial distance of 10cm from the root of the sunflower; when the sunflower buds, 1kg of nutrient solution is sprayed per mu (the nutrient solution takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components with the concentration of 0.4mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.3mg/L of copper sulfate, 4mg/L of manganese sulfate and 0.03mg/L of ammonium molybdate); after the sunflower blooms, spraying 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution (the content ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 3;
(6) And (3) peanut topdressing management:
spraying 40kg of nutrient solution (the nutrient solution takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components with the concentration of 1mg/L of boric fertilizer and 200mg/L of calcium nitrate) per mu in the flowering period of peanuts; and (2) spraying 30kg of foliar fertilizer (the foliar fertilizer takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components with the concentration of 150mg/L monopotassium phosphate and 3g/L urea) per mu in the pod ripening period of the peanuts.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 2, the difference is that: the single cropping of sunflower, row spacing of 105cm, plant spacing of 42cm, the rest steps were identical to those of example 2.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 2, the difference is only that: the single cropping of the peanuts is carried out, the row spacing of the single cropping is 45cm, the plant spacing of the single cropping is 13cm, and the other steps are consistent with those of the example 2.
Comparative example 3
Compared with example 2, the difference is only that: the step of micro-topographic structure modeling is omitted, the sunflower and the peanut are intercropped and sowed on the same horizontal line by adopting wide and narrow rows according to the intercropping proportion of 1.
Experimental example 1
One test field is selected and divided into 18 areas on average, three areas are randomly planted in each test group, and the results are averaged. The same amount of "sunflower F59" and/or peanut "Fuhua No. 12" was planted (the same amount means in the present invention that the seeding amount of intercropping of a certain crop is the same as that of single cropping) by the methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively. The other pest and disease management, water management and the like are consistent with local planting habits. The influence of different planting methods on sunflower and peanut yield, peanut nodulation and soil microorganisms is studied. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different planting methods on sunflower, peanut yield and on peanut nodulation
As can be seen from Table 1, under the condition of consistent other conditions, the examples 1 to 3 of the invention are superior to the comparative examples 1 to 3 in terms of the yield per mu of sunflower and peanut, the peanut nodule rate, the nodule quantity of a single peanut plant and the quantity and ratio of soil bacteria to fungi (the quantity of the fungi is reduced, and the continuous cropping obstacle can be reduced), so that the effect of the example 2 is the best; compared with the single cropping mode of the comparative examples 1 and 2, the intercropping yield of the comparative example 3 is obviously improved, but the nodulation rate of peanuts and the nodulation amount of single-plant peanuts are not obviously influenced. This indicates that even with the same intercropping ratio as in the present application, the technical effect of slowing down nitrogen repression by promoting peanut nodulation is not achieved without improving the configuration of the planting field.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflower is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Land preparation: ploughing the land 15-20 days before sowing;
(2) And (3) conditioning microorganisms: combining soil preparation, spraying a bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis mixed bacterial solution on soil, applying a base fertilizer, and then raking and compacting;
(3) The structure is moulded to little topography: before or during sowing, adopting mechanical or manual work to construct a wavy micro-terrain structure according to the transverse plastic structure of the farmland, wherein the height intervals of the wave troughs are changed;
(4) Sowing and fertilizing: adopting wide and narrow rows to carry out intercropping seeding on the sunflower and the peanut according to an intercropping proportion of 1;
(5) And (3) topdressing management of sunflowers: when 6-8 pairs of true leaves grow out of the sunflower, dressing urea and potassium chloride at a radial distance of 7-10 cm from the root of the sunflower; spraying nutrient solution when the sunflower buds; spraying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution after the sunflower blooms;
(6) And (3) peanut topdressing management: spraying nutrient solution during the peanut flowering period; and spraying foliar fertilizer in the peanut pod maturation period.
2. The method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflower according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of plowing in step (1) is 20-25 cm.
3. The method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflower as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the mixed bacterial liquid is prepared by mixing a bacillus subtilis preparation and a bacillus licheniformis preparation according to a mass ratio of 1-3;
the application amount of the base fertilizer is 300-500 kg/mu, and the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 to 80 portions of decomposed pig manure, 8 to 10 portions of grass carbon, 3 to 5 portions of calcium superphosphate, 2 to 3 portions of phosphoric diamine and 1.5 to 2.5 portions of potassium sulfate.
4. The method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflower as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said undulating microrelief structure of step (3), the vertical spacing between the crest and the trough is 18-30 cm, and the vertical spacing between the trough and the trough is 5-10 cm.
5. The method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression of peanuts by using the intercropping sunflower as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peanuts are sown in a wide-narrow row mode in the step (4), and the intercropping sowing according to the intercropping proportion of 1;
in the intercropping seeding process, the seeding depth of the sunflowers is 3-5 cm, the seeding depth of the peanuts is 4-6 cm, the plant spacing of the sunflowers is 35-50 cm, the plant spacing of the peanuts is 10-15 cm, 2 seeds are planted in each hole of the peanuts, the row spacing of the sunflowers is 90-120 cm, the row spacing of the sunflowers and the peanuts is 25-35 cm, the narrow row spacing of the peanuts is 40-50 cm, and the wide row spacing of the peanuts is 50-70 cm.
6. The method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflower as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the topdressing amount of urea in step (5) is 10-15 kg/mu, and the topdressing amount of potassium chloride is 8-10 kg/mu.
7. The method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression of peanuts by using intercropping sunflower as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, in the step (5), the nutrient solution uses water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 0.2-0.4 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 mg/L of copper sulfate, 2-4 mg/L of manganese sulfate and 0.01-0.03 mg/L of ammonium molybdate, and the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 0.5-1 kg/mu.
8. The method for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle and the nitrogen repression of the peanuts by the intercropping sunflowers as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium solution is 1-3.
9. The method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflower as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said nutrient solution in step (6) is water as solvent, comprising the following components in concentration: 0.5-1 mg/L of boron fertilizer, 150-200 mg/L of calcium nitrate, and the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 30-40 kg/mu.
10. The method for alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacle and nitrogen repression by intercropping sunflower as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step (6), said foliar fertilizer uses water as solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 100-150 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 1-3 g/L of urea, and the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer is 20-30 kg/mu.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106332646A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-18 | 滁州朝昱农业科技有限公司 | Method suitable for intercropping peanuts and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil |
| CN106613663A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | Sand-stabilization and water-retention method used in semi-desert windy and sandy area |
| CN107094445A (en) * | 2016-02-21 | 2017-08-29 | 陆超萍 | One cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method |
| CN108849361A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-23 | 安徽省固镇县良种繁殖场 | A kind of method of peanut oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers wide cut intercropping culture |
| CN111305098A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-19 | 同济大学 | Vibration isolation landscape barrier for continuous undulating terrain |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107094445A (en) * | 2016-02-21 | 2017-08-29 | 陆超萍 | One cultivate peanut interplanting sunflower method |
| CN106332646A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-18 | 滁州朝昱农业科技有限公司 | Method suitable for intercropping peanuts and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil |
| CN106613663A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | Sand-stabilization and water-retention method used in semi-desert windy and sandy area |
| CN108849361A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-23 | 安徽省固镇县良种繁殖场 | A kind of method of peanut oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers wide cut intercropping culture |
| CN111305098A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-19 | 同济大学 | Vibration isolation landscape barrier for continuous undulating terrain |
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