CN107084181B - 由低合金碳钢制成的螺钉和制造该螺钉的方法 - Google Patents

由低合金碳钢制成的螺钉和制造该螺钉的方法 Download PDF

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CN107084181B
CN107084181B CN201611205942.9A CN201611205942A CN107084181B CN 107084181 B CN107084181 B CN 107084181B CN 201611205942 A CN201611205942 A CN 201611205942A CN 107084181 B CN107084181 B CN 107084181B
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W·平茨尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种螺钉，该螺钉具有头部、邻接的保持段和功能端。所述螺钉用于自攻螺钉。所述功能端的硬度大于所述保持段的硬度。整个所述螺钉由低合金碳钢制成，所述螺钉的特殊特征在于，所述功能端的碳含量和/或氮含量大于所述保持段的碳含量和/或氮含量。

Description

由低合金碳钢制成的螺钉和制造该螺钉的方法
本发明涉及一种螺钉，该螺钉具有头部、邻接的保持段(adjoining retainingsection)和功能端(functional tip)，该功能端的硬度大于所述相邻保持段的硬度，并且所述功能端由硬化的低合金碳钢制成。
EP1446 990公开了一种螺钉和一种制造该螺钉的方法，所述螺钉具有局部硬化的功能端。根据该现有技术的方法，硬化步骤通过具有高能量传递的快速加热和随后的淬火来执行，并且硬化步骤仅限于所述功能端的圆周表面的局部区域。回火螺钉(temperedscrew)和完全表面硬化螺钉(completely case-hardened screw)都可以进行所述硬化步骤。
经验表明，当将通过这种方法生产的螺钉拧入由高强度材料制成的母部件(female part)时，由于硬度不足(回火螺钉的情况)或脆性过度(表面硬化螺钉的情况)，不能将所述螺钉可靠地拧入到母部件中。因此，需要根据上述螺钉的强度性能改进上述螺钉。可通过将所述螺钉设计为使该螺钉的功能端的碳含量和/或氮含量高于其保持段的碳含量和/或氮含量来实现上述改进。
用于制造上述螺钉的方法包括：首先在所述螺钉的头部以及保持段上及上方提供绝热层(insulating layer)，该绝热层用作扩散屏障(diffusion barrier)；随后在将所述螺栓加热至奥氏体化温度以上温度后，将所述螺钉暴露至碳富集和/或氮富集的气氛中。因此，所述螺钉经过局限于该螺钉的功能端的富集工艺(enrichment process)。随后，对所述螺钉进行淬火和退火(annealed)，并因此使所述螺钉经历硬化工艺，由于所述绝热层，该硬化工艺对所述螺钉的功能端的区域的影响将高于对所述螺钉的头部和保持段的区域的影响。
根据上述所述头部的区域和所述保持段的区域的绝热层的应用，可以用特殊的方法使所述螺钉中尚未涂覆的区域进行处理，该处理将导致所述螺钉中尚未涂覆的区域的特殊硬化。更确切地讲，在现有技术中的螺钉中，当将所述螺钉拧入母部件中时，所述螺钉中尚未涂覆的区域将被暴露在尤其高的应力中，通常这将导致所述螺钉断裂，并因此使得无法获得所需的螺纹连接。由所述绝热层覆盖的区域仅经历传统的回火。
所述功能端的硬度在由淬火工艺后的短时加热步骤(short heating)产生的退火之后可以进一步增强。可以通过多种方式进行所述短时加热步骤，即，例如，利用感应或利用电子束或激光束的方法。
因此，上述螺钉将具有一种功能端，该功能端可以因碳含量和/或氮含量增加而被特别地硬化，并且所述螺钉将因此可以承受高应力而不会出现任何问题。
图中所示的是本发明的实施方式，其中：
图1是未硬化的螺钉的外观设计；
图2是同一螺钉设置有绝热层(扩散屏障)后的视图，所述绝热层从所述螺钉的头部延伸至所述功能端的开始区域；
图3是同一螺钉的视图，其中只有该螺钉的功能端富集了碳和/或氮；
图4是同一螺钉的视图，此时已经硬化；
图5是图4中所示的同一螺钉的视图，该螺钉的功能端已经被额外硬化。
图1中所示的实施方式为一种未硬化的螺钉1，该未硬化的螺钉1具有螺钉头部2和保持段3(区域A)，但是没有特定的螺纹，螺纹可以为任意类型(例如，单头螺纹(single-start thread)或多头螺纹(multiple-start thread))，并且这与本连接无关。与保持段3相邻的是功能端4(区域B)，螺纹过渡从保持段3连续地进入功能端4。
在制造功能端4被特殊硬化的所述螺钉的方法的过程中，螺钉1设置有扩散屏障(绝热层)。图2中所示的设计中，在区域A中额外增加了交叉影线以表示所述扩散屏障。
随后，将所述螺钉暴露在高于奥氏体化温度的温度中，该步骤发生在碳富集和/或氮富集的气氛中，使得仅所述功能端(区域B)具有一定渗透深度的碳富集和/或氮的表面富集。由于提前设置了绝热层，上述富集将被限制于功能端4和/或图3中的交叉影线区域B。
图4为同一螺钉，但是该螺钉已经经历了硬化步骤，由于之前相对于区域A的碳富集化和/或氮富集化使得所述螺钉的功能端和/或区域B(填充有窄的交叉影线)更硬的，该区域A没有碳富集或氮富集。
图5为功能端被额外硬化的螺钉1，考虑到以后的使用，已经拆除了螺钉1的所述扩散屏障，并且螺钉1已经经历了使材料硬化的硬化步骤(例如，通过感应或者利用电子束或激光束进行所述硬化步骤)，该硬化材料仅在功能端4(区域B)延伸。因此剩余的区域A将不经历上述处理。图5中所示的螺钉具有特别硬化的功能端(4)(参见区域B中的窄交叉影线)。因此，考虑到将所述螺钉进一步用作自攻螺钉，根据需要产生了仅在功能端的区域的硬化特殊加强的螺钉。

Claims (7)

1.一种螺钉，该螺钉具有头部、邻接的保持段和功能端，所述功能端通过渗透碳富集和/或氮富集，以使得所述功能端的硬度大于所述保持段的硬度，其中由于加热到奥氏体温度以上并经过随后的退火，所述保持段包括退火马氏体结构，所述功能端包括硬化的马氏体结构，其中所述功能端包含更高的碳含量和/或氮含量。
2.制造权利要求1所述的螺钉的方法，其特征在于，所述螺钉设置有绝热层，该绝热层用作扩散屏障，并且所述绝热层延伸超过所述螺钉的整个所述头部和所述保持段，将所述螺钉加热至奥氏体化温度以上的温度后将所述螺钉暴露至碳富集和/或氮富集的气氛中，同时所述螺钉经过局限于该螺钉的功能端的碳富集或氮富集步骤，因此所述螺钉进行淬火和退火，并且所述螺钉经过硬化步骤，由于所述绝热层，所述硬化步骤对所述功能端的区域的影响大于对所述螺钉的所述头部和所述保持段的区域的影响。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，退火后，将所述功能端暴露至短时间的热处理，以增加所述功能端的硬度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，通过感应的方式进行所述热处理。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，通过电子束的方式进行所述热处理。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，通过激光束的方式进行所述热处理。
7.一种螺钉，其特征在于，该螺钉利用权利要求2-6中任意一项所述的方法制造。
CN201611205942.9A 2010-12-20 2011-11-28 由低合金碳钢制成的螺钉和制造该螺钉的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN107084181B (zh)

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DE102010055210.0 2010-12-20
DE102010055210A DE102010055210A1 (de) 2010-12-20 2010-12-20 Schraube aus niedrig legiertem Kohlenstoffstahl und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer derartigen Schraube
CN2011800614455A CN103328660A (zh) 2010-12-20 2011-11-28 由低合金碳钢制成的螺钉和制造该螺钉的方法

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CN103328660A (zh) 2013-09-25
US20130302109A1 (en) 2013-11-14
US9340848B2 (en) 2016-05-17
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