CN107075794B - 柔性pcm面料 - Google Patents

柔性pcm面料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107075794B
CN107075794B CN201580025793.5A CN201580025793A CN107075794B CN 107075794 B CN107075794 B CN 107075794B CN 201580025793 A CN201580025793 A CN 201580025793A CN 107075794 B CN107075794 B CN 107075794B
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China
Prior art keywords
pcm
polymer
phase change
change material
fabric
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CN201580025793.5A
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CN107075794A (zh
Inventor
D·布特尼尔
A·舒茨
M·盖森霍勒
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Intelligent Polymer Co Ltd
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Intelligent Polymer Co Ltd
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    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有很高潜在热能储存密度、用于热量管理的柔性PCM面料。柔性PCM面料由柔性支撑结构和单独以特殊几何形状布置于支撑结构上的相变材料体构成。相变材料体本身包括聚合物结合型相变材料构成的几何定义结构。柔性PCM面料的特征在于潜在储热容量很高并且优化了导热能力，即使在温度变化的时候以及相变之后，也能保持形状稳定，并且很容易卷绕、折叠、缠绕或者裁剪，可以单层或多层运输、储存、加工或者使用。

Description

柔性PCM面料
技术领域
本发明涉及具有高潜在热能储存密度、用于热量管理的柔性PCM面料。柔性PCM面料由柔性载体结构和单独以特定几何形状布置于载体结构上的相变材料体构成。相变材料体本身包括聚合物结合型相变材料构成的几何形状确定的结构。柔性PCM面料的特征在于高潜在储热容量以及优化的导热能力，即使在温度变化时以及相变之后，也能保持形状稳定，并且可以无问题地卷绕、折叠、缠绕或者裁剪，可以单层或多层运输、储存、加工或者使用。
背景技术
由US20020164474已知柔性热调节材料，可用于袜子、鞋内衬或者其它服装中。为了防止相变材料(PCM)在液相中流失，将这些PCM封装并分配在柔性基体材料中。进行封装的另一个原因是防止在冷却时形成非柔性的刚性PCM聚集体。如果不进行封装，PCM就会被牢固地吸收在吸收剂或者超强吸收剂如聚丙烯酸类或羧甲基纤维素中。基体材料优选柔性聚合物或者聚合物泡沫材料。其它实施方式涉及具有外绝缘层和含有PCM的中间层的复合面料，或者涉及如下集成结构：其中首先浇注聚合物层并且使其部分硫化、然后浇注富含PCM的第2个层并且同样使其部分硫化、接着在第2个层上浇注第3个层基体材料层并且使得复合物完全硫化。该解决方案的缺点在于，液固PCM需要封装，胶囊无法采用任意形状或者不可任意变形，并且整体复合物的柔韧性有限。GB2495938描述了将大量含有PCM材料的胶囊固定在载体上或者部分固定在载体中的储能系统。载体可以是刚性的(板材)，或者可以是柔性的(片材)。胶囊由聚合物(PVC)或者金属材料(铝)形成。为了改善导热能力，将PCM材料与石墨或者金属粉末混合。胶囊可以含有相同的PCM材料或者不同的PCM材料。要么将胶囊固定在载体上，或者载体具有PCM的容纳部位(槽)，将PCM填充到容纳部位中，最后将填充后的容纳部位封闭。这里也有缺点，必须封装PCM材料并且柔韧性有限。此外与US20020164474所述的一样，使用液态或者气态传热介质加载和卸载热量时的流动阻力非常高，因此会妨碍传热。由于所述那样需要封装，PCM的很多质量和体积就会丢失，使得总容量大幅度减小，整个系统中几乎不存在值得一提的容量。如果封装遭到泄漏，液化的PCM与其环境接触。也无法通过裁剪使得相应的面料具有正确的形状。破损频次是一种无法预测的统计量。如果壁厚太薄，可能会导致系统完全失效。另一方面如果选择太大的包层厚度，就会出现所谓的焓降低的情景。
专利US2002164474所述PCM的基本功能在于热传导。通过嵌入到所述的开孔和/或者闭孔泡沫之中实现热惰性很大的体系，这里由于表面积很小并且热传导很差，对流不会带来任何改善。
如果要将微胶囊封装的PCM(例如塑料包覆)粘贴在柔性基体上，那么该元件的(固定)大小始终决定弯曲和缠绕半径以及批量制作性能。不允许切割微胶囊，因为内容物会流出。这同样涉及使用过程中的损伤(例如嵌入壁中)
DE10022287描述了一种3D间隔针织物，具有排列在各层之间的潜热储存材料微粒。描述了将未封装的PCM微粒塞入到间隔针织物/间隔织物的某一个层的孔眼中。因此这些PCM微粒在使用过程中或者在洗涤时不会脱落，使用孔眼小于PCM微粒尺寸的覆盖物或者使用箔覆盖含有PCM微粒的层。由于PCM微粒并非与间隔材料牢固结合，因此不可以任意裁剪。由于作为载体材料的间隔材料具有数毫米高度，因此不能任意弯曲。只有当相对固定的间隔针织物在其中一面还为开孔的时候，才能将其良好卷绕。如果在填充PCM微粒之后将开放空腔封闭(平面粘贴)，就不再能够将其一起卷绕。就间隔针织物来说，绕芯与PCM微粒的直径相比大得多。此外PCM微粒的负载密度还受到孔眼数量的限制，并且PCM微粒经由液态或气态介质流入的能力很受限制。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提供一种完全柔性的热调节复合材料，所述复合材料不需要封装PCM，即使在温度变化和相变时也保持形状稳定，并且通过PCM成型体以特定几何形状可变的方式排列在面料上，而具有优化的传热能力。该复合材料还应可裁剪、可卷绕和可堆叠，并且为了改善传热，还应可调整液体和气态介质的透过性。
将聚合物结合型相变材料的塑化料以几何形状确定的结构固定在载体结构上，即可实现该任务。进行固定的方式和方法为：通过注射成型、喷涂、抹涂或者利用成型装置无压浇注，将熔融液化的聚合物结合型相变材料(以下简称为PCM)连续或者不连续涂覆到载体结构上，形成厚度为1～10mm、优选为1～5mm的球形、正方形、矩形或者多边形成型体。以下将聚合物结合型相变材料(PCM)构成的这些球形或者多边形成型体称作PCM聚合物浇注件。载体结构基本上是二维的，就是说这些结构的高度与其长度和宽度相比可以忽略不计。事实证明有利的载体结构是织物，尤其优选是聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯、碳纤维、金属或玻璃纤维、天然纤维(棉花，人造丝纤维)和这些所提及的纤维的纤维混合物构成的具有大网孔的织物。由这些材料构成的其它可用的载体结构是诸如由纤维或纱或膜裂丝条构成的无纺布、针织物、薄纱、钩编织物、编织物、网状织物的纺织结构。也可以是箔或者膜，优选是多孔、冲孔或者编织的结构。载体结构满足机械任务，例如改善面料的抗拉强度，并且是决定柔韧性和透过性级别的因素。可以将其设计成热导体或者电导体(例如作为电阻)、可以塑性变形的基体，或者还是完全柔性的。如果使用电导体或者半导体，那么除了PCM材料的储热效应之外还可以利用帕尔贴效应(Peltier-Effect)。聚合物结合型PCM聚合物浇注件的单独排列以及载体结构尤其是大网眼结构的延伸性和适应性使得柔性PCM面料即使在PCM相变的时候也有形状稳定性。PCM聚合物浇注件与载体结构牢固结合、粘合或者融合在一起，位于表面上或者部分进入载体结构之中。
载体结构的材料和构造决定PCM面料是否具有开放结构，PCM能与其粘合或者还可通过纤维的包围而牢固。透过性也有利于涂覆到其它成型体上，例如通过浇注树脂或者粘合剂。PCM模制体的大小也一并决定柔韧性，决定传热/储热的关键因素主要是PCM材料和PCM层厚。也可以通过选择载体结构的材料来影响传热，例如使用传热材料，或者调整面料的透过性。在本发明的意义上，可以通过PCM成型体的排列密度(Besatzdichte)、已固定的PCM成型体之间的侧面距离、多个PCM面料层之间的距离以及成型体本身的几何结构，有针对性地调整液体和气态传热介质(水、冷却盐水、空气等等)透过这些PCM面料和由此制成的产品(堆叠形、卷绕形等等)的透过性。通过如此获得的柔性PCM面料可得到PCM产品，所述产品一方面可在相变温度范围内的热负荷下保持其形状稳定性，另一方面可针对PCM材料的不同结构应用领域将其折叠、卷绕、缠绕或者裁剪，并且主要在加载和卸载PCM面料储存的热焓时可以通过其几何载体结构与载体结构上面分开排列的PCM聚合物浇注件保证空气、水或其它传热介质无障碍地流动。在本发明意义上，将PCM成型体以很小的精确几何边距、优选直线排列固定在支撑面料上，就能实现PCM面料层的可折叠性或者可卷绕性。优选沿着PCM成型体行列的间隙将PCM面料(按照本发明所述优选将其制作成连续的PCM成型体面料)裁剪成相应的服装尺寸。然而剪开PCM聚合物浇注件也不会导致PCM材料流失，因此也不会影响使用。
PCM聚合物浇注件相互间的距离越小，则热容量越大。间距不应低于0.5mm，否则在储存时、尤其当超过相变温度时，可能会导致PCM聚合物浇注件相互间平面粘合。事实证明在制作和使用过程中间距2mm为最佳。
优选厚度(高度)不超过5mm，该厚度尤其优选为5mm，只要应用没有其它要求即可。最多5mm从热方面几乎可以完全利用PCM，如果高度大于5mm，由于侧面会引起表面冷却并且传热较差，将不再参与能量交换过程。
聚合物结合型相变材料的塑化料包括至少2种载体聚合物，选自含苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物、优选苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和/或苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS或SEEPS)，以及不含苯乙烯的组分，选自具有统计分布的聚烯烃共聚物，优选乙烯-丁烯共聚物组分。聚烯烃共聚物组分具有很高的结晶度，优选在15～30％范围内。乙烯含量优选大约35～45wt％，尤其优选大约40wt％。具有很低的熔点(优选大约70～90℃，尤其优选为75～85℃，各自通过DSC测定，加热速率为10K/min)，以及具有很低的粘度值(在温度为230℃且负荷为2.16kg的条件下，MFI优选大约为0.5～5.0g/10min，根据DIN ISO 1133测定)。摩尔质量优选在250,000～500,000g/mol范围内。这也可用来将浇注料的加工温度保持尽可能低，因此在涂覆到载体结构上的过程中可以防止PCM材料蒸发。浇注料的加工温度在100～140℃范围内，优选大约为120℃。如果涉及本身具有羟基或羧基的极性PCM材料，则尤其可使用含苯乙烯的羟基封端嵌段共聚物。
含苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物中苯乙烯嵌段含量优选大约为25～35wt％，优选大约为30wt％。以3～35wt％苯乙烯嵌段共聚物含量使用羟基封端的含苯乙烯嵌段共聚物可得到PCM聚合物混合物，该聚合物混合物可防止PCM组分如天然和合成石蜡、低熔点烷烃、脂肪醇、脂肪酸、长链二烷基醚、聚乙二醇、高结晶PE蜡流出或渗出，改善了将PCM聚合物混合物结合在多数有极性的载体结构上，同时也有利于将诸如金属或金属氧化物(优选氧化锌)或者石墨、炭黑、多壁碳纳米管的特定无机添加剂以及有机添加剂均匀加入到PCM聚合物混合物之中。使用这些添加剂来改善导热能力并因此改善热交换。此外还可以使用密度远高于1g/cm3的金属氧化物、纯金属粉、陶瓷材料等等来调节PCM的密度。这对于那些不允许PCM(密度约为0.9)在液体介质(例如水)中漂浮的应用来说是必要的。其它添加剂可以是能在相变温度范围内工作并且指示相变过程进程或均匀性的热致变色染料(优选以0.1～3wt％的含量)。其它添加剂可以是PCM中的阻燃剂，但也可以是基体中的阻燃剂。
含苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物的极性端羟基也可使得添加剂尤其是氧化锌、炭黑、石墨或碳纳米管在载体聚合物组成的其它载体聚合物中的均匀化程度得以改善。
通过在载体聚合物基体混合物中使用3～8wt％的少量的聚烯烃共聚物，一方面不仅在制备PCM聚合物配混物的时候、而且按照本发明所述将PCM聚合物浇注件施加到无纺布载体材料上的时候也能够实现低得多的加工温度。另一方面这些共聚物可在PCM的相变温度下引起整个聚合物基体比较大的体积膨胀，而单纯含苯乙烯的三嵌段共聚物较小。
聚合物基体在相变温度下较大的体积膨胀使得液化相变材料的渗出比较少。
含苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物与聚烯烃共聚物的比例可以在10:1～1:1范围内变化，优选为4:1～2:1。
为了进一步改善相变材料的渗出特性并且为了获得比较好的表面手感，可以用膜、箔或者织物表面形式的可延展薄层覆盖PCM聚合物浇注件。可以是聚合物层、金属层或者陶瓷层。覆盖物的层厚为3～10μm。尤其优选是Ultramid-1C聚酰胺构成的箔层。使用碱性高锰酸盐溶液对载体聚合物的丁二烯成分预先进行表面蚀刻，可使得Ultramid-1C膜非常好地附着在PCM聚合物浇注件上。
本发明还涉及可以折叠和卷绕成几何体或者多层纺织PCM面料的柔性PCM面料，空气、水或者其它液体传热介质可以容易地流过PCM聚合物单元，从而以极快速度发生热能耦合输入和输出。这些柔性PCM面料由1～10wt％载体结构和90～99wt％聚合物结合型相变材料构成。聚合物结合型相变材料包括10～30wt％载体聚合物和70～90wt％PCM。此外聚合物结合型相变材料还可以含有5～25wt％的无机或有机添加剂，基于由PCM、聚合物和添加剂构成的全部浇注材料的重量。
本发明所述的柔性PCM面料在相变材料的相变温度下具有最高达250J/g的热焓和1～4kg/m2的单位面积重量。单位面积重量取决于载体结构上PCM聚合物浇注部位的间隙、聚合物浇注体的高度、所用添加剂的类型和用量以及纺织载体结构的净单位面积重量。热焓与所用PCM的类型、聚合物结合型PCM中的PCM含量有很大关系，但也与载体结构(材料和重量)、聚合物结合型PCM材料的单位面积质量以及PCM聚合物浇注件的厚度(高度)有关。PCM面料每面积单位的热焓可以为最高1000kJ/m2。
本发明的有益效果在于PCM面料可在其所表现的形状中保持持久弹性并且可以成型。缠绕半径和储热容量取决于与基体材料牢固结合的PCM元件的排列、微粒厚度和成型。
这些设置有PCM聚合物的柔性面料适合于储存、调节热量和冷量，尤其适用于楼宇管理系统(冷却板)、电子技术领域的散热应用、汽车制造领域的制热/制冷管理、管道的单层或多层包套、在管道、箱体等等之中作为缠绕或平层叠置的透气或透水内装构件。例如可用于空气调温。堆叠或者卷绕(用于管道)的面料可填充相应的容器，并且起到热交换器作用。其它应用可能性在于例如对机器上较大的表面进行调温，这里能够以简单方式以任何角度、曲率等等安置面料。
可以通过载体结构的材料和构造引入额外的功能。
如果使用金属载体结构，除了机械稳定化作用之外，还可作为电阻加热和/或者通过帕尔贴效应将“热量”或者“冷量”储存到PCM之中。
特别是通过纺织载体结构在涂覆到载体结构上的PCM聚合物混合物的相变温度范围内尺寸稳定性，可以弥补纯PCM聚合物箔和PCM聚合物板的常见缺点，即在相变范围内始终会发生不希望的收缩和变形。
随附4个图来说明本发明。
附图说明
图1所示为网状载体结构的示意图，具有以恒定不变的规定边距平行排列的长方体形状的PCM聚合物浇注件(2)。显而易见，由于PCM聚合物浇注件分开排列以及载体结构的构造，始终提供液体和气体的良好透过性。在图2中PCM聚合物浇注件(2)的形状为圆柱形，其中还将圆柱形PCM浇注件平行排列涂覆在载体结构上。图3所示为载体结构(3)的横断面示意图，具有以粘合方式浇注的PCM聚合物浇注件(2)(例如天然/合成纤维长丝，开孔结构)。粘合涉及聚合物结合型PCM材料的特性，在涂覆液态熔体时与纤维表面产生材料锁合，也就是与基体在表面上粘合，视载体结构的材料而定，直至完全或者部分渗透。图4所示为一种变异方案的示意图，所浇注的PCM聚合物浇注件(2)将构成载体结构的纤维(3)包围(形锁合连接)。聚合物结合型相变材料的塑化料可以渗入到载体结构的间隙之中。
实施例1：
利用长径比为52:1的ZSE 40型双螺杆挤出机(Leistritz公司)首先从以下原料制备PCM聚合物粒子：
-80wt％PCM材料(Sasol GmbH的
Figure GDA0002240195560000071
ether 12，长链二烷基醚，熔点为32℃)
-10wt％苯乙烯嵌段共聚物SEEPS(聚苯乙烯-b-聚(乙烯-乙烯/丙烯)-b-聚苯乙烯；Kuraray Co.Ltd.的
Figure GDA0002240195560000072
4055)
-5wt％羟基封端苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Kuraray Co.Ltd.的
Figure GDA0002240195560000073
HG 252)-5wt％结晶乙烯-丁烯共聚物(JSRDynaron的Typ 6201B)。
挤出模头通过转接器板与水下造粒机(Gala underwater pelletizer,GalaInc.)的切割头相连。获得直径为4～5mm的粒子。
所获得的粒子在开关温度为32℃的PCM相变温度下的储热容量为215J/g。
在25℃室温下在循环风干燥箱中干燥PCM聚合物粒子。然后在垂直布置的单螺杆挤出机中120℃温度下熔化这些粒子，通过转接器将PCM聚合物熔体提供给具有多个锥形长方形孔或者锥形圆柱形孔的工具，将很稀流体状的PCM聚合物熔体经由长方形或圆柱形孔浇注到15cm宽的粗网眼聚酰胺网上，所述聚酰胺网位于多孔浇注工具正下方。在PCM聚合物熔体浇注件冷却之后提升浇注模具，在输送带上继续移动聚酰胺织物，接着再次通过熔体工具进行浇注。
以这种方式和方法获得涂覆了PCM聚合物长方体或者PCM聚合物圆柱体的聚酰胺网带。PCM聚合物长方体或PCM聚合物圆柱体之间的最小距离为1mm。PCM聚合物长方体或PCM聚合物圆柱体的高度为3mm。PCM聚合物长方体具有10mm边长，PCM聚合物圆柱体具有10mm直径。涂覆了PCM聚合物长方体或PCM聚合物圆柱体的聚酰胺织物的单位面积重量相应为1950～1850g/m2。
所获得的聚酰胺织物-PCM-聚合物构建体的储热容量为200J/g，或者单位面积储热容量为390KJ/m2和370KJ/m2。
长方形或圆柱形PCM聚合物浇注件与聚酰胺织物非常牢固地结合在一起，即使在相应的相变温度下也是如此。聚酰胺织物与涂覆在聚酰胺织物上的PCM聚合物浇注件(参见图1和2)构成的垫可以缠绕成圆柱形，或者可以多层叠放，使用热空气或者水进行的荷载试验的结果表明，这些垫结构对流入和流出的热流的流动阻力很小。
本发明的特殊优点在于，在低温状态下也能随时将这些PCM面料变形成为卷绕制品和堆叠制品，并且即使当使用具有较高相变温度的PCM浇注件的时候也是如此。不妨碍相对较硬的PCM浇注件的刚度，因为PCM面料可以在边缘间隙处非常灵活地变形。
在试验室中将多块这样的聚酰胺织物-PCM-聚合物垫牢固张紧在两个侧框中，并且将其依次紧密排列。将40℃的热空气引入试验室之中，以使得聚酰胺织物-PCM-聚合物垫受热，并且使得其中所含的PCM(Nacolether 12)在32℃温度下熔化。聚酰胺-PCM-聚合物垫在该相变温度下保持牢固张紧，不下垂并且也不颤动，与使用较厚的PCM聚合物箔或者PCM聚合物板的时候观察的情况一样。
实施例2：
与实施例1中所述的类似，在ZSE 40Leistritz双螺杆挤出机和下游的水下造粒剂中制备以下组成的PCM聚合物粒子：
-80wt％PCM材料(Sasol GmbH的
Figure GDA0002240195560000081
ether 12，长链二烷基醚)
-10wt％苯乙烯嵌段共聚物SEBS(聚苯乙烯-b-聚(乙烯/丁烯)-b-聚苯乙烯；Kuraray Co.Ltd.的Septon8004)
-5wt％羟基封端苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Kuraray Co.Ltd.的Septon HG 252)
-5wt％结晶乙烯-丁烯共聚物(JSR Dynaron的Typ 6201B)，
将其干燥后利用特定的浇注工具在单螺杆挤出机中涂覆到粗网眼聚酰胺织物上。
然后给具有PCM聚合物浇注件(长方形或圆柱形)的聚合物织物两面喷涂5质量％聚酰胺溶液(由Ultramid 1C构成)，并且在室温下蒸发多余的溶剂。
聚酰胺涂层具有大约5μm的厚度，事实证明可以作为防止PCM渗出的100％阻挡层。
实施例3：
与实施例1中所述的类似，还在ZSE 40Leistritz双螺杆挤出机和下游的水下造粒剂中制备PCM聚合物粒子，将其干燥后利用特殊的浇注工具在单螺杆挤出机中涂覆到粗网眼聚酰胺织物上。
但是这里改变了PCM聚合物的物质组成：
-70wt％PCM材料(Sasol GmbH的
Figure GDA0002240195560000091
ether 16，长链二烷基醚)
-8wt％苯乙烯嵌段共聚物SEEPS(Kuraray Co.Ltd的Septon4055)
-4wt％羟基封端苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Kuraray Co.Ltd.的SeptonHG 252)
-3wt％结晶乙烯-丁烯共聚物(JSRDynaron的Typ 6201B)
-15wt％氧化锌粉末
在ZSE 40Leistritz双螺杆挤出机和下游的水下造粒机中制备，将其干燥后利用特定的浇注工具在单螺杆挤出机中涂覆到粗网眼聚酰胺织物上。
氧化锌不仅将热导率从0.2W/mK(纯粹的PCM聚合物化合物)提高到0.6W/mK，而且也使得PCM相变时的石蜡渗出大幅度降低。
通过批量生产来给所获得的聚酰胺织物-PCM-聚合物垫设置薄棉套，以便考虑各种各样的应用方面。
所获得的PCM聚合物粒子的储热容量为175J/g，并且所获得的聚酰胺织物-PCM聚合物面料的热容量为160J/g。如果浇注件具有PCM聚合物长方形结构，则单位面积储热能力为341KJ/m2；如果PCM聚合物浇注件具有圆柱形结构，则单位面积储热能力为323KJ/m2。
实施例4
如果规定了PCM聚合物浇注件的形状和尺寸以及PCM的储热容量，就可以计算PCM聚合物浇注件在基材上的排列密度，并且以表格形式记录。借助这样的表格就能计算某种应用所需的尺寸大小。本实施例中的计算基于具有248kJ/kg*15K相变焓的合成石蜡。通过配混使得该容量减少20％。高度为5mm基于该配方的整张板具有794kJ/m2的容量。
将该值作为用来计算剩余含量的基础比较值。
如果需要例如600kJ/m2的容量(要求：高度5mm，以上所述的配混物)，则从表1可以看出：
1.圆形的基本形状排除在外
2.间距为1～2mm的正方形基本形状提供所要求的容量。
3.计算：
600(kJ/m2)/198kJ/kg*15K＝3.03kg PCM(以上规格)
3.03kg PCM/0.8(g/cm3)＝3.79dm3＝3,790cm3
3,790cm3/0.5cm3＝7,580个
√7580＝87，取整为87
100(cm)/87＝1.15mm
如果厚度为5mm，边长为1cm，则PCM浇注件之间的距离必须为1.15mm以便达到600kJ/m2的容量
表1：独立的PCM聚合物浇注件所占据的载体结构与具有连续PCM涂层的PCM面料的储热容量比较浇注件的高度＝5mm
Figure GDA0002240195560000101
从表中可以看出，利用正方形的底面可以实现较高的单位面积容量。圆形底面提供较小的单位面积容量。如果相互偏置，这些值虽然会变得略好，但是达不到正方形的值。
“相对于全面覆盖的容量(单位：％)”这一栏显示不同几何形状下(正方形或圆形)以哪一种距离尺寸相对于全表面PCM层的容量剩余多少。假设浇注件的高度或者PCM层的高度为5mm，容量随高度下降呈线性减小，因此不记录在表中。
如果以百分值％表示负载率，就出现轻微的跃变。其原因在于，视边缘处的微粒间距而定，将无法实现完整的行列。在实践中可以进行机械裁剪，然后这些比例将处于线性。所有其它基本几何形状(例如三角形、多角形等等)的单位面积负载利用率均在正方形和环形的值之间，因此在表中没有进一步列出。

Claims (14)

1.具有高潜在热能储存密度的柔性PCM面料，其特征在于，柔性PCM面料由柔性二维载体结构与涂覆在其表面上并且与载体结构牢固结合、分开排列的几何形状确定的聚合物结合型相变材料结构构成，其中所述相变材料通过至少两种聚合物结合，其中至少一种聚合物选自含苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物，并且至少一种聚合物选自不含苯乙烯的乙烯/丁烯共聚物，其中所述面料即使在相变时也是形状稳定的，具有100～250J/g或300～1000kJ/m2的潜在热能储存密度，并且可以卷绕、折叠、缠绕、裁剪或者多层批量生产，其中几何形状确定的聚合物结合型相变材料结构以相互间至少0.5mm的间距布置在载体结构的表面上，其中聚合物结合型相变材料结构为厚度1～10mm的球形、正方形、矩形或者多边形成型体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性PCM面料，其特征在于，载体结构包括纤维、纱或者膜裂丝条或者膜构成的纺织物、无纺布、针织物、编织物、钩编织物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的柔性PCM面料，其特征在于，载体结构包括具有大网孔或者多孔或冲孔结构的纺织物。
4.根据权利要求2所述的柔性PCM面料，其特征在于，载体结构的材料包括聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯、碳、金属、玻璃、天然纤维或者这些材料构成的混合物。
5.根据权利要求2所述的柔性PCM面料，其特征在于，载体结构的材料包括聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯、纤维素、碳、金属、玻璃或者这些材料构成的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的柔性PCM面料，其特征在于，所述面料包括1～10wt％载体结构和90～99wt％涂覆在载体结构上的几何形状确定的聚合物结合型相变材料结构。
7.根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的柔性PCM面料，其特征在于，聚合物结合型相变材料包括10～30wt％载体聚合物和90～70wt％相变材料。
8.根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的柔性PCM面料，其特征在于，所述面料含有5～20wt％无机或有机添加剂，基于聚合物结合型相变材料的重量。
9.根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的柔性PCM面料，其特征在于，所述面料表面涂有聚合物、金属或陶瓷材料构成的厚度为3～10μm的层，或者涂有这些材料构成的纺织表面覆盖物。
10.根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的柔性PCM面料，其特征在于，聚合物结合型相变材料的单位面积重量为1～4kg/m2。
11.根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的柔性PCM面料，其特征在于，液体或者气态热介质可以流过所述的面料。
12.制备权利要求1～11中任一项所述的具有高潜在热能储存密度的柔性PCM面料的方法，其特征在于，将聚合物结合型相变材料的塑化料以几何形状确定的结构牢固固定在织物状的载体材料上，通过注射成型、喷涂、抹涂或者利用成型装置无压浇注，将熔融液化的聚合物结合型相变材料以连续或者不连续的方法涂覆到载体材料上，形成厚度为1～10mm的球形、正方形、矩形或者多边形的独立成型体。
13.根据权利要求12的方法，其特征在于，将聚合物结合型相变材料的塑化料以几何形状确定的结构牢固固定在织物状的载体材料上，通过注射成型、喷涂、抹涂或者利用成型装置无压浇注，将熔融液化的聚合物结合型相变材料以连续或者不连续的方法涂覆到载体材料上，形成厚度为1～5mm的球形、正方形、矩形或者多边形的独立成型体。
14.将权利要求1～11中任一项所述的柔性PCM面料用于储存热和冷以及热调节，或者用于管道的单层或多层包套的用途。
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