CN107051581B - 一种用于酮肟贝克曼重排反应的混合酸催化体系 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于酮肟贝克曼重排反应的混合酸催化体系,其特征在于,该催化体系为有机酸和无机酸组成的均相体系,在酮肟重排制备酰胺的反应中作为催化剂,所述反应温度为60‑130℃,优选80‑120℃;反应时间为1‑240min,优选20‑90min;其中有机酸与无机酸的摩尔比为0.5‑50,优选3‑20;无机酸与酮肟的摩尔比为0.1‑10,优选1‑5。该催化体系可在相对温和的反应条件下将酮肟高效地转化为相应的酰胺类化合物,并且可控制该反应的副产物含量,尤其是重副产物含量在很低的水平。该催化体系有机酸部分可以循环利用,使用时反应条件温和;酮肟重排反应转化率高,选择性好;重排反应后副产物含量低,尤其在优化条件下重副产物含量很低,有望简化后处理流程,具有良好的工业应用潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学催化技术领域,具体涉及一种用于酮肟贝克曼重排反应的混合酸催化体系。
背景技术
贝克曼重排是一类在酸催化下发生的重排反应,它主要应用于把酮肟转化成相应的酰胺。以己内酰胺为例,它是一种重要的有机化工原料,主要用于生产尼龙6纤维(锦纶6)和尼龙6工程塑料。其中:锦纶6纤维广泛应用于毛纺、针织、机织、地毯等行业,尼龙6工程塑料广泛应用于电子、汽车、包装薄膜等行业。2016年,我国己内酰胺消费量已达200.5万吨,国内产量为180万吨,自给率为89.8%;国内产能253万吨,开工率仅为71.1%,企业竞争激烈,亟需降低生产成本。
环己酮肟经液相贝克曼重排反应转化为己内酰胺是目前工业上普遍使用的技术,该方法生产的己内酰胺占世界己内酰胺产量的90%。该方法采用发烟硫酸作为催化剂和溶剂,反应的选择性为98.5%,属于比较成熟的工业过程。然而随着环境、资源、能源等问题的日益加剧,对化工过程的绿色化提出了更高的要求,仍需提高该反应的选择性。与此同时,虽然该过程只产生低于1%的重副产物(八氢吩嗪等),但在后续精制流程中,需要将含量99%以上己内酰胺蒸发分离出来,过程能耗极高,极大增加了生产成本。
对于该类工艺存在的这些问题,本发明提出将有机酸与无机酸形成的混合酸作为催化剂,一方面可以通过调控酸性强度使反应条件温和,另一方面可以有效提高该反应的选择性,降低副产物含量,尤其是重副产物含量。通过提高反应选择性,降低重副产物含量,在优化条件下有望省去酰胺与重副产物蒸发过程,从而大幅度降低后续精制过程的成本。
发明内容
本发明针对高选择性的贝克曼重排工艺,提供一种用于酮肟贝克曼重排反应的混合酸催化体系。
一种用于酮肟贝克曼重排反应的混合酸催化体系,其特征在于,该催化体系为有机酸和无机酸组成的均相体系,在酮肟重排制备酰胺的反应中作为催化剂,所述反应温度为60-130℃,优选80-120℃;反应时间为1-240min,优选20-90min;其中有机酸与无机酸的摩尔比为0.5-50,优选3-20;无机酸与酮肟的摩尔比为0.1-10,优选1-5。
上述无机酸为硫酸水溶液里的硫酸的质量分数计为90-100%的硫酸或以发烟硫酸里的三氧化硫的质量分数计为0-50%的发烟硫酸。
上述有机酸为二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、二氟乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氟甲磺酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸中的一种或一种以上的混合物。
上述酮肟为丙酮肟、丁酮肟、二苯甲酮肟、苯乙酮肟、对硝基苯乙酮肟、环戊酮肟、环己酮肟、环庚酮肟、环辛酮肟、环十二酮肟或环十五酮肟。
本发明的有益效果为:(1)反应体系粘度低,反应条件温和;(2)酮肟重排反应转化率高,选择性好;(3)重排反应后重副产物含量极低,在优化条件下有望省去精制过程中产物酰胺与重副产物的装置,降低成本。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实例对本发明进行进一步说明,但并不因此而限制本发明的内容。
对比例1
对比例1对工业发烟硫酸工艺进行了模拟条件实验,以作为本发明催化体系的对比,按本方法实验步骤进行:在三口烧瓶内加入2.8mmol 6%的发烟硫酸,再加入2mmol的环己酮肟,油浴控温,磁力搅拌,控温温度为85℃,反应30分钟。分析产物,环己酮肟转化率100%,己内酰胺选择性98%,重副产物质量分数0.6%。
实施例1~10:
实施例1-10按本方法实验步骤进行:在三口烧瓶内加入一定量的有机酸和无机酸,再加入2mmol的酮肟,油浴控温,磁力搅拌,反应一定时间后,分析产物,得到酮肟的转化率、酰胺的选择性以及重副产物的含量。
其中所用有机酸、无机酸、有机酸与无机酸的摩尔比、无机酸与酮肟的摩尔比、酮肟种类、反应时间、反应温度、反应结束后的酮肟的转化率、酰胺的选择性以及重副产物质量分数列于表1。与对比例1相比,实施例1中重副产物的质量分数要低2~3个数量级,显示了优异的催化性能。
表1酮肟经贝克曼重排反应制备酰胺的反应结果
上述实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明。显然,本发明并不局限于所描述的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,熟悉本技术领域的人员还可据此做出多种变化,但任何与本发明等同或相类似的变化都属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于酮肟贝克曼重排反应的混合酸催化体系,其特征在于,该催化体系为无机酸和有机酸组成的均相体系,在酮肟重排制备酰胺的反应中作为催化剂,所述反应的温度为60-130℃,所述反应的时间为1-240min;其中有机酸与无机酸的摩尔比为0.5-50,无机酸与酮肟的摩尔比为0.1-10;
所述无机酸为硫酸或发烟硫酸;所述有机酸为二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、二氟乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氟甲磺酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸中的一种或一种以上的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合酸催化体系,其特征在于,所述硫酸浓度以硫酸水溶液里的硫酸的质量分数计为90-100%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合酸催化体系,其特征在于,所述发烟硫酸浓度以发烟硫酸里的三氧化硫的质量分数计为0-50%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合酸催化体系,其特征在于,所述酮肟为丙酮肟、丁酮肟、二苯甲酮肟、苯乙酮肟、对硝基苯乙酮肟、环戊酮肟、环己酮肟、环庚酮肟、环辛酮肟、环十二酮肟或环十五酮肟。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合酸催化体系,其特征在于,所述反应的温度为80-120℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的混合酸催化体系,其特征在于,所述反应的时间为20-90min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的混合酸催化体系,其特征在于,所述有机酸与无机酸的摩尔比为3-20。
8.根据权利要求1所述的混合酸催化体系,其特征在于,无机酸与酮肟的摩尔比为1-5。
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