CN107047187B

CN107047187B - Method for cultivating apple hybrid seedlings

Info

Publication number: CN107047187B
Application number: CN201710254959.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张朝红; 杨凤秋; 陈东玫; 赵国栋; 李扬; 张新生; 赵永波; 赵同生; 李春敏; 付友
Original assignee: Changli Institute Of Pomology Hebei Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Changli Institute Of Pomology Hebei Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2017-04-01
Filing date: 2017-04-01
Publication date: 2020-11-06
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-01
Also published as: CN107047187A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating apple hybrid seedlings, which comprises the following steps: collecting fully mature apple hybrid fruits and storing in a refrigeration house at the temperature of 1-4 ℃; collecting hybrid seeds from the hybrid fruits stored in a refrigeration house, and washing the hybrid seeds with clear water; preparing a furrow with the width of about 1m in a greenhouse, filling a substrate in a nutrition pot, stacking the furrow in a uniform manner, filling water, placing for 2-3d, sowing cleaned hybrid seeds in the nutrition pot, covering moist nutrition soil with the thickness of 1cm, and controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 25-30 ℃; when the hybrid seedlings grow to 5-10cm, the greenhouse temperature is changed to 20-25 ℃, the relative humidity is kept at 50-70%, ventilation is carried out in due time, the hybrid seedlings are transplanted to a nursery after being cultured for 15-20d, water is irrigated once after being planted, and post-planting management is carried out. The invention reduces 2 links of sand storage and germination acceleration in the traditional apple hybrid seedling cultivation process, the operation is simpler and more convenient, and the rate of emergence can be improved by about 25 percent.

Description

Method for cultivating apple hybrid seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural biology, in particular to a method for cultivating apple hybrid seedlings.

Background

The apple is one of the main fruits in the world, the apple industry is the main economic source of farmers in apple producing areas in China, and the leading industry of poverty removal and enrichment, and the excellent variety is the core element of the development of the apple industry. At present, the breeding of new apple varieties still mainly comprises crossbreeding, and the cultivation of hybrid apple seedlings is the most critical in the crossbreeding process of apples.

The steps for cultivating the hybrid apple seedlings are complex, the technical requirements are high, the emergence rate is low due to slight mismatching, and the breeding process of the apples is seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating apple hybrid seedlings, which optimizes an apple hybrid seedling cultivation system by saving partial links and avoiding loss in intermediate links as much as possible, improves the rate of emergence and increases the selection probability in the later breeding stage.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a method for cultivating apple hybrid seedlings comprises the following steps:

s1, refrigerating the hybrid fruits: collecting fully mature hybrid fruits, placing the hybrid fruits in a plastic fruit basket with holes, and refrigerating in a refrigerator at 1-4 ℃;

s2, collecting hybrid seeds: collecting seeds from the hybrid fruits stored in a refrigeration house, and washing the seeds clean by clear water; collecting middle and late mature varieties from the first month of 9 to the last ten days of 10 months from the end of 2 months to the middle of 3 months; collecting early-maturing varieties mature before 8 months later in 3 months;

s3, sowing: preparing a bed in a greenhouse, wherein the width of the bed is about 1m, filling a substrate in a nutrition pot, stacking the bed uniformly, filling water, placing for 2-3d, directly sowing cleaned hybrid seeds in the nutrition pot without accelerating germination, covering 1cm thick moist nutrition soil on the bed, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 25-30 ℃, and also buckling a small arched shed for controlling the temperature;

s4, hardening and transplanting seedlings: when the hybrid seedlings grow to 5-10cm, changing the temperature of a greenhouse to 20-25 ℃, keeping the relative humidity at 50-70%, ventilating in due time, culturing for 15-20 days, transplanting the apple hybrid seedlings to a nursery, and irrigating once after planting;

s5, managing after planting: after transplanting, sufficient nutrients and water are provided for the hybrid seedlings, so that the damage of diseases, insects and grass can be prevented and controlled in time, and the robust growth of the hybrid seedlings is ensured.

The specific steps of step S4 are as follows: making plots with the width of 1.2-1.5m in a nursery garden, generally carrying out double-row field planting in the plots, wherein the row spacing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, carrying out field planning in advance during transplanting, writing combination names, arranging the number of hybrid seedlings, drawing a planting graph, combining and transplanting one by one, and checking after planting.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the sand storage and germination acceleration links in the traditional apple hybrid seedling cultivation process are reduced, the operation is simpler and more convenient, and the rate of emergence can be improved by about 25%.

Detailed Description

In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides a method for cultivating apple hybrid seedlings, which is characterized in that refrigeration of hybrid fruits in a refrigeration house is used for replacing stratification treatment, hybrid seeds are collected in a proper period, seeding and management (including hardening) are carried out in a greenhouse nutrition pot, and finally, the hybrid fruits are transplanted in a nursery and are managed after planting, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

s2, collecting hybrid seeds: collecting apple hybrid seeds from the hybrid fruits stored in a refrigeration house, washing the apple hybrid seeds for several times by using clear water until the apple hybrid seeds are clean, and completely removing attachments on the seeds; collecting middle and late mature varieties from the first month of 9 to the last ten days of 10 months from the end of 2 months to the middle of 3 months; collecting early-maturing varieties mature before the end of 8 months in 3 middle ten days;

s3, sowing: preparing a furrow in a greenhouse, wherein the width of the furrow is about 1m, filling a substrate in a nutrition pot, stacking the furrow, filling water, placing for 2-3d, directly sowing cleaned hybrid seeds in the nutrition pot without accelerating germination, covering 1cm thick moist nutrition soil on the nutrition pot, and controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 25-30 ℃;

s4, hardening and transplanting seedlings: when the hybrid seedlings grow to 5-10cm, changing the temperature of a greenhouse to 20-25 ℃, keeping the relative humidity at 50-70%, ventilating at proper time, and culturing for 15-20 d; making 1.2-1.5m wide furrows in a nursery, usually carrying out double-row field planting in the furrows, wherein the row spacing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, field planning is carried out in advance during transplanting, combination names are written, the number of hybrid seedlings is arranged, a planting graph is drawn, the seedlings are combined and transplanted one by one, and after the seedlings are planted, careful checking is carried out to ensure that the seedlings are correct.

S5, managing after planting: after transplanting, the hybrid seedlings are provided with sufficient nutrients and water, and the damage of diseases, insects and grass can be prevented and controlled in time to ensure the robust growth of the hybrid seedlings.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating apple hybrid seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, refrigerating the hybrid fruits: collecting fully mature hybrid fruits, placing the hybrid fruits in a plastic fruit basket with holes, and refrigerating the hybrid fruits in a refrigerator at 1-4 ℃;

s2, collecting hybrid seeds: collecting hybrid seeds from the hybrid fruits stored in a refrigeration house, and washing the hybrid seeds with clear water; collecting middle and late mature varieties from the first month of 9 to the last ten days of 10 months from the end of 2 months to the middle of 3 months; collecting early-maturing varieties mature before 8 months later in 3 months;

the specific steps of step S4 are: making 1.2-1.5m wide furrows in the nursery, and performing double-row planting in the furrows, wherein the row spacing is 50cm, and the plant spacing is 25-30 cm; when transplanting, field planning is carried out in advance, combination names are written, the numbers of the hybrid seedlings are arranged, a planting graph is drawn, transplanting is carried out in a combination mode one by one, and checking is carried out after planting;