CN105475074B - Method for culturing seedlings for apricot - Google Patents
Method for culturing seedlings for apricot Download PDFInfo
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- CN105475074B CN105475074B CN201510931278.5A CN201510931278A CN105475074B CN 105475074 B CN105475074 B CN 105475074B CN 201510931278 A CN201510931278 A CN 201510931278A CN 105475074 B CN105475074 B CN 105475074B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
A kind of method for culturing seedlings for apricot, its step are：Before kind of apricot carries out nursery, the first step is arranged to kind of apricot to carry out chilling treatment at least twice in 03 DEG C of environment, second step is arranged to that kind of an apricot is sterilized and disinfected by reagent, and the 3rd step is arranged to wrap up kind of an apricot top layer by including the wooden softening mixture of acetic acid, zinc sulfate, ammonium phosphate, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium citrate and sodium Diacetate.
Description
First, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for culturing seedlings, especially a kind of method for culturing seedlings for apricot.
2nd, background technology
The fruit of apricot unanimously likes edible by people, while the fruit of apricot is also a kind of important fruit, therefore uses
In the method for culturing seedlings of apricot be a kind of important method for planting fruit trees, existing in the method for culturing seedlings of apricot, the hair of apricot
Low bud rate especially Apricot germination percentage is a technical barrier, using existing method for culturing seedlings, cycle time length and hair be present
The low present situation of bud rate, it currently there are no a kind of method for culturing seedlings for apricot for improving apricot germination percentage.
3rd, the content of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned technical disadvantages, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for culturing seedlings for apricot, therefore carry
The high germination percentage of the nursery of apricot.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that：Its step is：Before kind of apricot carries out nursery, the
One step is arranged to kind of apricot to carry out chilling treatment at least twice in 0-3 DEG C of environment, and second step is arranged to by reagent to kind
Apricot is sterilized and disinfected, and the 3rd step is arranged to by including acetic acid, zinc sulfate, ammonium phosphate, carboxymethyl chitosan, lemon
The wooden softening mixture of lemon acid sodium and sodium Diacetate is wrapped up kind of an apricot top layer.
Due to devising chilling treatment, post-processing and parcel processing, by chilling treatment make almond in kind of apricot with it is outer
Occur gap between shell, beneficial in gap air store, disinfected kind of an apricot by post-processing, avoided
The infringement of bacterium, being handled by parcel softens the shell of kind of apricot, beneficial to passing for kind of apricot plumule, no longer directly uses kind of an apricot,
Therefore the germination percentage of the nursery of apricot is improved.
The present invention devises, according to the sterilization containing the air gap, kind apricot shell between the almond and shell in kind of apricot
And the mode of the shell sofening treatment of sterilization and kind apricot carries out carrying out steps necessary design before nursery to kind of apricot.
The present invention devises, and its step is：
A, harvest：It is fully ripe when apricot is soft ripe, typically delayed in the maturity period of apricot and choose within 7-10 days kind of an apricot, harvesting
Be placed on afterwards in 3-4 DEG C of environment store it is pending；
B, kind is washed：For the kind apricot of harvesting, its pulp is removed, stripping takes kind, rinsed well, dried in the shade standby with water.
C, chilling treatment：Kind apricot and sand are arranged in pallet according to one layer of sand and one layer of kind apricot, the thickness of sand
It is arranged to not scatter when 2.5-3.5cm, sand humidity usually somewhat clench sand with hand and is defined, it is cold in 0-3 DEG C of environment
Hide 52-58 days, when stored under refrigeration to July and August part, when sand layer humidity is slightly dry, respectively in July and August part
In, the kind apricot of lamination is stored in 28 DEG C -33 DEG C of environment 10-12 days, be then placed on again in 0-3 DEG C of environment；
D, post-processing：Kind apricot after refrigeration is needed to wash three times by clear water, dries in the shade or is used when summer afterwards
Fan is dried up, and 24h is handled with 1500mg/L gibberellin, then is rinsed 3 times with clear water, finally handles 24h with 10g/L potassium permanganate
Or dressed seed with the carbendazim of active constituent content 80%, seed dressing concentration is 1000g seed medications 4.8-5.2g；
E, sow：Parcel processing：According to part by weight acetic acid 20-25, zinc sulfate 7-10, ammonium phosphate 5-9, carboxymethyl shell
Glycan 10-18, sodium citrate 20-23, sodium Diacetate 1-3 and remaining be clayed soil composition mixture, at seeding time kind of an apricot
One layer of mixture is wrapped with,
Seedtime is selected in the September part i.e. lunar calendar between White Dew and the Autumnal Equinox, and matrix selects sandy loam：Peat soil：Fine sand=
4.8-5.1:2.9-3.2:2 ratios are sufficiently mixed, loaded on high 35cm, diameter 15cm nutritive cube in, sowing interval use 35-
45cm line-spacings and 13-18cm spacing in the rows；
F, survive the winter protection：Winter temperature reduces, and about at the beginning of 11 months by the end of October, ties up Small plastic shed in situ, and film covers,
If temperature decrease is less than less than -10 DEG C, careless grid can be covered on film, management is few during surviving the winter waters and do not apply
Fertilizer；
G, hardening：It is that assurance can progressively be opened big in apple flower flowering period then about at the beginning of five in Second Year spring
The film of canopy makes its continuous hardening adapt to outside climatic；
H, seedling：Second Year bondage grows, and when opening film completely, being strapped on bamboo pole makes its vertical growth, can pour
First pass water.
The present invention devises, in the seed mixed with Cold storage in the refrigerator with wet sand, it should be noted that the holding of wet sand moisture, in time
Keep the skin wet, but must also avoid excess moisture from going bad to prevent the mold of seed.
The present invention devises, and its step is：
A, harvest：It is fully ripe when apricot is soft ripe, typically delayed in the maturity period of apricot 7 days or so.At this moment seed is satisfied
Full fully ripe, comparatively embryo is developed preferably, is placed on after harvesting pending in 3-4 DEG C of freezer.
B, kind is washed：For the apricot of harvesting, its pulp is removed, stripping takes kind, rinsed well, dried in the shade standby with water.
C, refrigerate：Need to refrigerate 50 days or so in 0-3 DEG C of freezer, the ratio of seed and sand is one layer of sand, one layer of kind
Son, the thickness 3cm of sand or so, sand humidity is not scattered when being usually and sand is somewhat clenched with hand to be defined, in refrigeration to July
When with August part, when sand layer humidity is slightly dry, the seed of lamination is put in room temperature（28℃-33℃）10 days or so, Ran Houzai
It is placed in freezer, 10 days July, August part 10 days.
D, the apricot seed after refrigerating first passes through clear water and washed three times, dries in the shade or is dried up when summer with fan afterwards, uses
1500mg/L gibberellin processing 24h, then rinsed 3 times with clear water, finally handle 24h with 10g/L potassium permanganate or use carbendazim
（Active constituent content 80%）Seed dressing, seed dressing concentration is 1000g seed medications 5g.
E, sow：According to part by weight acetic acid 23, zinc sulfate 8.4, ammonium phosphate 6.7, carboxymethyl chitosan 15, citric acid
Sodium 21, sodium Diacetate 1.78 and part by weight sum that remaining is clayed soil composition mixture and each component are arranged to
100%, kind of an apricot is wrapped with one layer of mixture at seeding time, seedtime is selected in September part, and the lunar calendar is between White Dew and the Autumnal Equinox, matrix
From sandy loam：Peat soil：Fine sand=5:3:2 ratios are sufficiently mixed, loaded on high 35cm, in diameter 15cm nutritive cube, between sowing
Every using 40cm line-spacings and 15cm spacing in the rows.
F, survive the winter protection：Winter temperature reduces, and about at the beginning of 11 months by the end of October, ties up Small plastic shed in situ, and film covers,
If temperature decrease is less than less than -10 DEG C, careless grid can be covered on film, the few watering of management, does not apply fertilizer during surviving the winter.
G, hardening：Second Year spring about during May Day or the time a little later,（The assurance of time can be in apple flower then
Flowering period）Progressively opening the film of greenhouse makes its continuous hardening adapt to outside climatic.
H, bondage in the 2nd year grows：When opening film completely, being strapped on bamboo pole makes its vertical growth, can pour first pass
Water.
The technical effects of the invention are that：Refrigerated by the cool stratification of certain time in 0-3 DEG C of environment and hormone
Processing, break the dormancy of apricot, the germination percentage of apricot can be made to be improved from the 20% of conventional method to more than 90%.The germination percentage of apricot is to educate
The most important thing in kind, and the conventional method cycle is grown, germination percentage low only 20% or lower, the present invention is for precocious or extremely early mature
Kind effect protrudes, and production safety, cost is low, reaches more than 70% for precocious apricot cultivars germination percentage, the germination of middle-late ripening variety
Rate is up to 90%.Seedling grows seedling limb stalwartness to seed than conventional method Second Year spring then then, and it is excellent that emergence rate is neat etc.
Point.
In the technical program, between the almond and shell in kind of apricot containing the air gap, plant apricot shell sterilization and
The shell sofening treatment of sterilization and kind apricot is important technical characteristic, in the technical field for the method for culturing seedlings of apricot, is had
Novelty, creativeness and practicality, the term in the technical program are all that can be entered with patent document in the art
Row explanation and understanding.
4th, illustrate
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the kind of the present invention is the design sketch of golden sun a cycle nursery.
5th, embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further described, following examples are intended to illustrate invention rather than to this
The further restriction of invention.One embodiment of the present invention, its step are：
A, harvest：It is fully ripe when apricot is soft ripe, typically delayed in the maturity period of apricot 7 days and choose kind of an apricot, put after harvesting
Stored in 3 DEG C of environment pending；
B, kind is washed：For the kind apricot of harvesting, its pulp is removed, stripping takes kind, rinsed well, dried in the shade standby with water.
C, chilling treatment：Kind apricot and sand are arranged in pallet according to one layer of sand and one layer of kind apricot, the thickness of sand
It is arranged to not scatter when 2.5cm, sand humidity usually somewhat clench sand with hand and is defined, is refrigerated 52 days in 0 DEG C of environment,
When stored under refrigeration to July and August part, when sand layer humidity is slightly dry, respectively in July and August part, lamination
10-12 days in the environment of 28 DEG C -33 DEG C of kind apricot storage, then it is placed on again in 0 DEG C of environment；
D, post-processing：Kind apricot after refrigeration is needed to wash three times by clear water, dries in the shade or is used when summer afterwards
Fan is dried up, and 24h is handled with 1500mg/L gibberellin, then is rinsed 3 times with clear water, finally handles 24h with 10g/L potassium permanganate
Seed dressing, seed dressing concentration are 1000g seed medications 4.8g；
E, sow：Parcel processing：According to part by weight acetic acid 20, zinc sulfate 7, ammonium phosphate 5, carboxymethyl chitosan 10,
Sodium citrate 20, sodium Diacetate 1 and part by weight sum that remaining is clayed soil composition mixture and each component are arranged to
100%, kind of an apricot is wrapped with one layer of mixture at seeding time,
Seedtime is selected in the September part i.e. lunar calendar between White Dew and the Autumnal Equinox, and matrix selects sandy loam：Peat soil：Fine sand=
4.8:2.9:2 ratios are sufficiently mixed, loaded on high 35cm, diameter 15cm nutritive cube in, sowing interval using 35cm line-spacings and
13cm spacing in the rows；
F, survive the winter protection：Winter temperature reduces, and about at the beginning of 11 months by the end of October, ties up Small plastic shed in situ, and film covers,
If temperature decrease is less than less than -10 DEG C, careless grid can be covered on film, management is few during surviving the winter waters and do not apply
Fertilizer；
G, hardening：It is that assurance can progressively be opened big in apple flower flowering period then about at the beginning of five in Second Year spring
The film of canopy makes its continuous hardening adapt to outside climatic；
H, seedling：Second Year bondage grows, and when opening film completely, being strapped on bamboo pole makes its vertical growth, can pour
First pass water.
In the present embodiment, in the seed mixed with Cold storage in the refrigerator with wet sand, it should be noted that the holding of wet sand moisture, in time
Keep the skin wet, but must also avoid excess moisture from going bad to prevent the mold of seed.
Second embodiment of the present invention, its step are：
A, harvest：It is fully ripe when apricot is soft ripe, typically delayed in the maturity period of apricot 7 days or so.At this moment seed is satisfied
Full fully ripe, comparatively embryo is developed preferably, is placed on after harvesting pending in 3-4 DEG C of freezer.
B, kind is washed：For the apricot of harvesting, its pulp is removed, stripping takes kind, rinsed well, dried in the shade standby with water.
C, refrigerate：Need to refrigerate 50 days or so in 0-3 DEG C of freezer, the ratio of seed and sand is one layer of sand, one layer of kind
Son, the thickness 3cm of sand or so, sand humidity is not scattered when being usually and sand is somewhat clenched with hand to be defined, in refrigeration to July
When with August part, when sand layer humidity is slightly dry, the seed of lamination is put in room temperature（28℃-33℃）10 days or so, Ran Houzai
It is placed in freezer, 10 days July, August part 10 days.
D, the apricot seed after refrigerating first passes through clear water and washed three times, dries in the shade or is dried up when summer with fan afterwards, uses
1500mg/L gibberellin processing 24h, then rinsed 3 times with clear water, finally handle 24h with 10g/L potassium permanganate or use carbendazim
（Active constituent content 80%）Seed dressing, seed dressing concentration is 1000g seed medications 5g.
E, sow：According to part by weight acetic acid 23, zinc sulfate 8.4, ammonium phosphate 6.7, carboxymethyl chitosan 15, citric acid
Sodium 21, sodium Diacetate 1.78 and part by weight sum that remaining is clayed soil composition mixture and each component are arranged to
100%, kind of an apricot is wrapped with one layer of mixture at seeding time, seedtime is selected in September part, and the lunar calendar is between White Dew and the Autumnal Equinox, matrix
From sandy loam：Peat soil：Fine sand=5:3:2 ratios are sufficiently mixed, loaded on high 35cm, in diameter 15cm nutritive cube, between sowing
Every using 40cm line-spacings and 15cm spacing in the rows.
F, survive the winter protection：Winter temperature reduces, and about at the beginning of 11 months by the end of October, ties up Small plastic shed in situ, and film covers,
If temperature decrease is less than less than -10 DEG C, careless grid can be covered on film, the few watering of management, does not apply fertilizer during surviving the winter.
G, hardening：Second Year spring about during May Day or the time a little later,（The assurance of time can be in apple flower then
Flowering period）Progressively opening the film of greenhouse makes its continuous hardening adapt to outside climatic.
H, bondage in the 2nd year grows：When opening film completely, being strapped on bamboo pole makes its vertical growth, can pour first pass
Water.
The 3rd embodiment of the present invention, its step are：
A, harvest：It is fully ripe when apricot is soft ripe, typically delayed in the maturity period of apricot 10 days and choose kind of an apricot, after harvesting
Be placed in 4 DEG C of environment store it is pending；
B, kind is washed：For the kind apricot of harvesting, its pulp is removed, stripping takes kind, rinsed well, dried in the shade standby with water.
C, chilling treatment：Kind apricot and sand are arranged in pallet according to one layer of sand and one layer of kind apricot, the thickness of sand
It is arranged to not scatter when 3.5cm, sand humidity usually somewhat clench sand with hand and is defined, is refrigerated 58 days in 3 DEG C of environment,
When stored under refrigeration to July and August part, when sand layer humidity is slightly dry, respectively in July and August part, lamination
12 days in the environment of 33 DEG C of kind apricot storage, then it is placed on again in 3 DEG C of environment；
D, post-processing：Kind apricot after refrigeration is needed to wash three times by clear water, dries in the shade or is used when summer afterwards
Fan is dried up, and 24h is handled with 1500mg/L gibberellin, then is rinsed 3 times with clear water, finally handles 24h with 10g/L potassium permanganate
Or dressed seed with the carbendazim of active constituent content 80%, seed dressing concentration is 1000g seed medications 5.2g；
E, sow：Parcel processing：According to part by weight acetic acid 25, zinc sulfate 10, ammonium phosphate 9, carboxymethyl chitosan 18,
Sodium citrate 23, sodium Diacetate 3 and part by weight sum that remaining is clayed soil composition mixture and each component are arranged to
100%, kind of an apricot is wrapped with one layer of mixture at seeding time,
Seedtime is selected in the September part i.e. lunar calendar between White Dew and the Autumnal Equinox, and matrix selects sandy loam：Peat soil：Fine sand=
5.1: 3.2:2 ratios are sufficiently mixed, loaded on high 35cm, diameter 15cm nutritive cube in, sowing interval using 45cm line-spacings and
18cm spacing in the rows；
F, survive the winter protection：Winter temperature reduces, and about at the beginning of 11 months by the end of October, ties up Small plastic shed in situ, and film covers,
If temperature decrease is less than less than -10 DEG C, careless grid can be covered on film, management is few during surviving the winter waters and do not apply
Fertilizer；
G, hardening：It is that assurance can progressively be opened big in apple flower flowering period then about at the beginning of five in Second Year spring
The film of canopy makes its continuous hardening adapt to outside climatic；
H, seedling：Second Year bondage grows, and when opening film completely, being strapped on bamboo pole makes its vertical growth, can pour
First pass water.
The 4th embodiment of the present invention, its step are：
A, harvest：It is fully ripe when apricot is soft ripe, typically delayed in the maturity period of apricot 8 days and choose kind of an apricot, put after harvesting
Stored in 3.5 DEG C of environment pending；
B, kind is washed：For the kind apricot of harvesting, its pulp is removed, stripping takes kind, rinsed well, dried in the shade standby with water.
C, chilling treatment：Kind apricot and sand are arranged in pallet according to one layer of sand and one layer of kind apricot, the thickness of sand
It is arranged to not scatter when 3.0cm, sand humidity usually somewhat clench sand with hand and is defined, 55 is refrigerated in 1.5 DEG C of environment
My god, when stored under refrigeration to July and August part, when sand layer humidity is slightly dry, respectively in July and August part, layer
11 days in the environment of 30.5 DEG C long-pending of kind apricot storage, then it is placed on again in 1.5 DEG C of environment；
D, post-processing：Kind apricot after refrigeration is needed to wash three times by clear water, dries in the shade or is used when summer afterwards
Fan is dried up, and 24h is handled with 1500mg/L gibberellin, then is rinsed 3 times with clear water, finally handles 24h with 10g/L potassium permanganate
Or dressed seed with the carbendazim of active constituent content 80%, seed dressing concentration is 1000g seed medications 5.0g；
E, sow：Parcel processing：According to part by weight acetic acid 22.5, zinc sulfate 8.5, ammonium phosphate 7, carboxymethyl chitosan
14th, sodium citrate 21.5, sodium Diacetate 2 and part by weight sum that remaining is clayed soil composition mixture and each component are set
100% is set to, kind of an apricot is wrapped with one layer of mixture at seeding time,
Seedtime is selected in the September part i.e. lunar calendar between White Dew and the Autumnal Equinox, and matrix selects sandy loam：Peat soil：Fine sand=
4.95: 3.05:2 ratios are sufficiently mixed, loaded on high 35cm, diameter 15cm nutritive cube in, sowing interval using 37cm line-spacings and
17.9cm spacing in the rows；
F, survive the winter protection：Winter temperature reduces, and about at the beginning of 11 months by the end of October, ties up Small plastic shed in situ, and film covers,
If temperature decrease is less than less than -10 DEG C, careless grid can be covered on film, management is few during surviving the winter waters and do not apply
Fertilizer；
G, hardening：It is that assurance can progressively be opened big in apple flower flowering period then about at the beginning of five in Second Year spring
The film of canopy makes its continuous hardening adapt to outside climatic；
H, seedling：Second Year bondage grows, and when opening film completely, being strapped on bamboo pole makes its vertical growth, can pour
First pass water.
The 5th embodiment of the present invention, its step are：
A, harvest：It is fully ripe when apricot is soft ripe, typically delayed in the maturity period of apricot and choose within 7-10 days kind of an apricot, harvesting
Be placed on afterwards in 3-4 DEG C of environment store it is pending；
B, kind is washed：For the kind apricot of harvesting, its pulp is removed, stripping takes kind, rinsed well, dried in the shade standby with water.
C, chilling treatment：Kind apricot and sand are arranged in pallet according to one layer of sand and one layer of kind apricot, the thickness of sand
It is arranged to not scatter when 2.5-3.5cm, sand humidity usually somewhat clench sand with hand and is defined, it is cold in 0-3 DEG C of environment
Hide 52-58 days, when stored under refrigeration to July and August part, when sand layer humidity is slightly dry, respectively in July and August part
In, the kind apricot of lamination is stored in 28 DEG C -33 DEG C of environment 10-12 days, be then placed on again in 0-3 DEG C of environment；
D, post-processing：Kind apricot after refrigeration is needed to wash three times by clear water, dries in the shade or is used when summer afterwards
Fan is dried up, and 24h is handled with 1500mg/L gibberellin, then is rinsed 3 times with clear water, finally handles 24h with 10g/L potassium permanganate
Or dressed seed with the carbendazim of active constituent content 80%, seed dressing concentration is 1000g seed medications 4.8-5.2g；
E, sow：Parcel processing：According to part by weight acetic acid 20-25, zinc sulfate 7-10, ammonium phosphate 5-9, carboxymethyl shell
Glycan 10-18, sodium citrate 20-23, sodium Diacetate 1-3 and remaining be clayed soil composition mixture, at seeding time kind of an apricot
The part by weight sum for being wrapped with one layer of mixture and each component is arranged to 100%, and seedtime is selected in the September part i.e. lunar calendar white
Between dew and the Autumnal Equinox, matrix selects sandy loam：Peat soil：Fine sand=4.8-5.1:2.9-3.2:2 ratios are sufficiently mixed, loaded on height
35cm, diameter 15cm nutritive cube in, sowing interval use 35-45cm line-spacings and 13-18cm spacing in the rows；
F, survive the winter protection：Winter temperature reduces, and about at the beginning of 11 months by the end of October, ties up Small plastic shed in situ, and film covers,
If temperature decrease is less than less than -10 DEG C, careless grid can be covered on film, management is few during surviving the winter waters and do not apply
Fertilizer；
G, hardening：It is that assurance can progressively be opened big in apple flower flowering period then about at the beginning of five in Second Year spring
The film of canopy makes its continuous hardening adapt to outside climatic；
H, seedling：Second Year bondage grows, and when opening film completely, being strapped on bamboo pole makes its vertical growth, can pour
First pass water.
Using the golden sun, Katy apricot seed as examination material, carried out according to embodiments of the invention, continuous 3 years in Shandong Province fruit tree
The experiment of apricot autumn sowing seedling-raising technique is successively carried out in the Tai Dong proving grounds of research institute.
Material：Sandy loam, peat soil, sand and running water, carton or lighttight container.
Prepare:By sandy loam：Peat soil：Fine sand=5:3:2 ratios are sufficiently mixed as matrix, sand mesh diameter
0.2cm sieve, the ratio of sand and the water mixing of sieving is not scattered when sand is somewhat clenched according to hand to be defined.
Lamination method and type of seeding, 1）Lamination method:One layer of clean apricot seed and one layer of wet sand ratio are loaded on carton,
Refrigerate in 0-3 DEG C of freezer 50 days or so, in period it is noted that the holding of moisture.2）Apricot seed first passes through clear water and washed three times,
Dried up afterwards with fan, 24h is handled with 1500mg/L gibberellin, then rinsed 3 times with clear water, finally with 10g/L potassium permanganate
Handle 24h.3）Type of seeding：In use according to part by weight acetic acid 20-25, zinc sulfate 7-10, ammonium phosphate 5-9, carboxymethyl
Chitosan 10-18, sodium citrate 20-23, sodium Diacetate 1-3 and remaining be clayed soil composition mixture be wrapped on kind of apricot,
General to be first sowed at high 35cm, in diameter 15cm nutritive cube, aperture position is downward, and opening upwards, are not planted in alms bowl, matrix is wanted
After flooding seed completely, a thin layer matrix is spread in top, after finishing, pours first pass water, breaks ground within 10 days or so, until phase May Day in next year
Between, after hardening, film is opened, pours first pass water after the spring, height of seedling at this moment at least can reach 26cm, robust plant, emergence
Neatly.
The present invention has lower feature：
1st, due to devising chilling treatment, post-processing and parcel processing, by chilling treatment make almond in kind of apricot with
Occur gap between shell, beneficial in gap air store, disinfected kind of an apricot by post-processing, avoided
The infringement of bacterium, being handled by parcel makes the shell of kind of apricot soften, and beneficial to passing for kind of apricot plumule, no longer directly use is planted
Apricot, therefore improve the germination percentage of the nursery of apricot.
2nd, due to high three key technologies of the germination percentage for devising apricot：50 days or so cool stratification time, handle seed
Gibberellin concentration 1500mg/L and 7, the intermittent warming of August part.
3rd, due to the high specifically used method of the germination percentage for devising apricot：1）By the one layer of apricot dried seed and one layer of wet sand
Ratio is put in ventilation but lighttight carton, is easy to the growth of root.2）The temperature of freezer is maintained in the range of 0-3 DEG C, 50 days
The left and right time（Period is to do intermittent warming）It is enough the dormancy of breaking apricot with 1500mg/L gibberellin, when about 2/3 apricot kind
The kind shell of son has been open just right.3）The apricot seed being open is sowed in nutritive cube, nutritive cube selects height 35cm and diameter
15cm, matrix select sandy loam：Peat soil：Fine sand=5:3:2 ratios are sufficiently mixed.
4th, the restriction of number range has been carried out to planform due to devising, has made technical side of the number range for the present invention
Technical characteristic in case, is not the technical characteristic for being calculated by formula or being drawn by limited number of time experiment, and experiment shows the numerical value
The technical characteristic of scope achieves good technique effect.
5th, due to devising the technical characteristic of the present invention, in the effect of the independent and mutual set of technical characteristic,
Shown by experiment, property indices of the invention are at least 1.7 times for existing property indices, have by assessing
There is good market value.
It is also other and between the almond and shell in kind of apricot containing the air gap, plant the sterilization and sterilization of apricot shell
Equivalent or equivalent other technical characteristics with the shell sofening treatment of kind of apricot are all one of embodiments of the invention, and more than
Each technical characteristic of the embodiment can be combined arbitrarily, to meet Patent Law, patent regulation and guidelines for examination
Requirement, no longer the embodiment of all possible combination of each technical characteristic in above-described embodiment is all described.
Above-described embodiment is a kind of way of realization of the method for culturing seedlings provided by the present invention for apricot, according to this hair
Other deformations of bright provided scheme, increase and either reduce composition therein or step or the present invention is used for others
Close technical field, belongs to protection scope of the present invention with the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for culturing seedlings for apricot, it is characterized in that：Its step is：Before kind of apricot carries out nursery, the first step is set
For kind of apricot is carried out chilling treatment at least twice in 0-3 DEG C of environment, second step is arranged to kill kind of an apricot by reagent
Bacterium and disinfect, the 3rd step be arranged to by include acetic acid, zinc sulfate, ammonium phosphate, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium citrate and
The wooden softening mixture of sodium Diacetate is wrapped up kind of an apricot top layer,
I.e.：A, harvest：It is fully ripe when apricot is soft ripe, delayed in the maturity period of apricot 7-10 days and choose kind of an apricot, be placed on after harvesting
Stored in 3-4 DEG C of environment pending；
B, kind is washed：For the kind apricot of harvesting, its pulp is removed, stripping takes kind, rinsed well, dried in the shade standby with water;
C, chilling treatment：Kind apricot and sand are arranged in pallet according to one layer of sand and one layer of kind apricot, the thickness of sand is set
Do not scatter and be defined when being and sand is somewhat clenched with hand for 2.5-3.5cm, sand humidity, 52-58 is refrigerated in 0-3 DEG C of environment
My god, when stored under refrigeration to July and August part, when sand layer humidity is slightly dry, respectively in July and August part, layer
10-12 days in the environment of 28 DEG C -33 DEG C long-pending of kind apricot storage, then it is placed on again in 0-3 DEG C of environment；
D, post-processing：Kind apricot after refrigeration is needed to wash three times by clear water, dried in the shade afterwards or fan when summer
Drying, 24h is handled with 1500mg/L gibberellin, then rinsed 3 times with clear water, finally handle 24h or use with 10g/L potassium permanganate
The carbendazim seed dressing of active constituent content 80%, seed dressing concentration are 1000g seed medications 4.8-5.2g；
E, sow：Parcel processing：According to weight ratio acetic acid 20-25, zinc sulfate 7-10, ammonium phosphate 5-9, carboxymethyl chitosan
10-18, sodium citrate 20-23, sodium Diacetate 1-3 and part by weight that remaining is clayed soil composition mixture and each component
Sum is arranged to 100%, and kind of an apricot is wrapped with one layer of mixture at seeding time,
Seedtime is selected in the September part i.e. lunar calendar between White Dew and the Autumnal Equinox, and matrix selects sandy loam：Peat soil：Fine sand=4.8-
5.1:2.9-3.2:2 ratios are sufficiently mixed, loaded on high 35cm, diameter 15cm nutritive cube in, sowing interval use 35-45cm rows
Away from 13-18cm spacing in the rows；
F, survive the winter protection：Winter temperature reduces, and about at the beginning of 11 months by the end of October, ties up Small plastic shed in situ, and film covers, if
Temperature decrease covers careless grid as less than -10 DEG C on film, and management is few during surviving the winter waters and do not apply fertilizer；
G, hardening：In Second Year spring in may just i.e. apple flower flowering period then is held in, the film of greenhouse is progressively opened
Its continuous hardening is set to adapt to outside climatic；
H, seedling：Second Year bondage grows, and when opening film completely, being strapped on bamboo pole makes its vertical growth, pours first pass
Water.
2. the method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1 for apricot, it is characterized in that：According to the almond and shell in kind of apricot
Between containing the air gap, plant the sterilization of apricot shell and sterilization and plant the mode of shell sofening treatment of apricot a nursery is carried out to kind of apricot
Steps necessary design is carried out before.
3. the method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1 for apricot, it is characterized in that：Its step is：
In the seed mixed with Cold storage in the refrigerator with wet sand, it should be noted that the holding of wet sand moisture, keep the skin wet in time, but also
Excess moisture is avoided to go bad to prevent the mold of seed.
4. the method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1 for apricot, it is characterized in that：Its step is：
A, harvest：It is fully ripe when apricot is soft ripe, delayed in the maturity period of apricot 7 days or so, seed at this moment is full abundant
Comparatively maturation, embryo are developed preferably, be placed on after harvesting pending in 3-4 DEG C of freezer；
B, kind is washed：For the apricot of harvesting, its pulp is removed, stripping takes kind, rinsed well, dried in the shade standby with water；
C, refrigerate：Needing to refrigerate 50 days or so in 0-3 DEG C of freezer, the ratio of seed and sand is one layer of sand, one layer of seed,
Thickness 3cm of sand or so, sand humidity is not scattered when being and sand is somewhat clenched with hand to be defined, in refrigeration to July and August part
When, when sand layer humidity is slightly dry, the seed of lamination is put in room temperature i.e. 28 DEG C -33 DEG C 10 days or so, is then placed on again cold
In storehouse, 10 days July, August part 10 days；
D, the apricot seed after refrigerating first passes through clear water and washed three times, dries in the shade or is dried up when summer with fan afterwards, uses
1500mg/L gibberellin processing 24h, then rinsed 3 times with clear water, finally handle 24h with 10g/L potassium permanganate or use carbendazim
Wherein active constituent content 80% is dressed seed, and seed dressing concentration is 1000g seed medications 5g；
E, sow：According to weight ratio acetic acid 23, zinc sulfate 8.4, ammonium phosphate 6.7, carboxymethyl chitosan 15, sodium citrate 21,
Sodium Diacetate 1.78 and the part by weight sum that remaining is clayed soil composition mixture and each component are arranged to 100%, are broadcasting
Kind apricot is wrapped with one layer of mixture during kind, seedtime is selected in September part, and for the lunar calendar between White Dew and the Autumnal Equinox, matrix selects husky earth
Soil：Peat soil：Fine sand=5:3:2 ratios are sufficiently mixed, and loaded on high 35cm, in diameter 15cm nutritive cube, sowing interval uses
40cm line-spacings and 15cm spacing in the rows；
F, survive the winter protection：Winter temperature reduces, by the end of October at the beginning of 11 months, tying up Small plastic shed, film covering, if warm in situ
Rapid drawdown is spent as less than -10 DEG C, careless grid are covered on film, and the few watering of management, does not apply fertilizer during surviving the winter；
G, hardening：Second Year spring during May Day or the time a little later be the time handle be held in then apple flower flowering period by
The film that step opens greenhouse makes its continuous hardening adapt to outside climatic；
H, bondage in the 2nd year grows：When opening film completely, being strapped on bamboo pole makes its vertical growth, pours first pass water.
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| CN107047187B (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2020-11-06 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for cultivating apple hybrid seedlings |
| CN108243884A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-06 | 湘西土家族苗族自治州农业科学研究院 | A kind of field wintering storage method of detoxification ginger original silkworm egg |
| CN109220471A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-18 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A method of bare slope is afforested using paper mulberry |
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| 《山杏育苗与栽培技术》;吴炳奇;《河北林业科技》;20001230;第55-58页 * |
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