CN107032971B - 一种3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107032971B
CN107032971B CN201710287133.5A CN201710287133A CN107032971B CN 107032971 B CN107032971 B CN 107032971B CN 201710287133 A CN201710287133 A CN 201710287133A CN 107032971 B CN107032971 B CN 107032971B
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杨始刚
秦婷
俞芬
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种3,7‑二甲基‑6‑羰基‑2‑辛烯醛的制备方法。本发明在室温下,将4H‑5‑(1‑羟基‑1‑甲基乙基)‑2‑甲基‑2‑呋喃乙醛溶于质量分数为45~55%的硫酸水溶液中,搅拌反应12~18h,反应结束后用质量分数为氢氧化钠水溶液调节反应液pH至中性后,用乙醚提取,所得的有机层干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩后得到3,7‑二甲基‑6‑羰基‑2‑辛烯醛粗产物,再经硅胶柱分离,即得到高纯度的3,7‑二甲基‑6‑羰基‑2‑辛烯醛。本发明的制备方法制备过程简单,操作方便,收率高,最终产物3,7‑二甲基‑6‑羰基‑2‑辛烯醛纯度高,且生产成本较低,适于工业化生产。

Description

一种3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种芳香的萜类醛酮的制备方法,更具体的说是涉及一种3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法。
背景技术
3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛是一种广泛存在于各种花草、植物和烟草中的C13-降异戊二烯衍生物,同时,也是柠檬醛的衍生物。是一种十分有用的香料和医药中间体,特别在香料、食品和医药行业中,有着广泛的应用。
有关3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的合成文献报道很少。1989年,德国科学家Carl G等用α-松油烯为原料,在-78℃条件下进行臭氧化反应,然后用二甲硫醚进行还原,得到30%的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛和70%的3-异丙基-6-羰基-2-庚烯醛混合物。这种方法反应条件较苛刻,副产物多,产率低。
2002年,俄国科学家Yarovaya O I等(Transformations of 6,7-epoxyderivatives of citral and citronellal in various acidic media[J],Russian ofjournal of organic chemistry,2002,38(11):1594-1605)用8,9-环氧柠檬醛为原料,在酸性条件下进行8,9-环氧柠檬醛重排反应研究,结果发现用HSO3F-SO2FCl做催化剂,在-115℃条件下反应,产物主要以反式3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛为主,反式与顺式的比例为3:1;用TiO2/SO4 2-做催化剂,室温反应10min,反式与顺式的比例为5:3。这种方法虽然副产物较少,但催化剂不易得到,反应条件苛刻,原料也不易得到。
2012年,瑞典科学家Johanna R(α-Terpinene,an autioxidant in tea treeoil,autoxidizes rapidly to skin allergens on air exposure[J],ChemicalResearch Toxicology,2012,25:713-721)等也以α-松油烯为原料,研究α-松油烯在空气中的抗氧化性。除了得到少量的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛产物外,还得到许多α-松油烯环氧的副产物。这种方法副产物多,产率低,混合物分离困难。
2013年,法国科学家Filippo R(visible-light photosensitizes oxidation ofɑ-terpinene using novel silica-supported sensitizers:photooxygenationvs.Photodehydrogenation[J],Journal of Catalysis,2013,303:164-174)等研究在各种光敏化剂存在下,对α-松油烯的空气氧化反应,得到了少量的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛和3-异丙基-6-羰基-2-庚烯醛。还有大量的副产物生成。
综上所述,因此,目前迫切需要提供一种原料易得、制备过程简单、操作方便、高产率、高纯度的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述的技术问题而提供一种原料易得、制备过程简单、操作方便、高得率、高纯度的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法。
本发明提供一种3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法,将4H-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-呋喃乙醛溶于中等浓度的硫酸水溶液中,在室温下进行反应,得到的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛粗产物再经硅胶柱分离、淋洗剂淋洗,除去石油醚和乙酸乙酯,最后得到无色的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛,其机理如下式所示:
Figure BDA0001280961840000021
上述的反应式中首先是原料4H-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-呋喃乙醛在酸性条件下脱水,得到中间体阳离子(I),所得的中间体阳离子(I)再经过脱氢和水合开环,得到中间体醛酮(II),最后,中间体醛酮(II)再在酸性条件下脱水,得到3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛。
本发明发明的技术方案具体介绍如下。
一种3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将4H-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-呋喃乙醛和45~55wt%的硫酸水溶液混合后,室温搅拌反应12~18h;反应结束后用氢氧化钠水溶液调节反应液pH至中性得到反应液;其中:4H-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-呋喃乙醛和硫酸水溶液的投料比为1mol:0.40L~1mol:3.00L;
(2)将步骤(1)中所得的中性反应液用有机溶剂萃取,所得的有机层干燥、过滤,滤液浓缩粗品,粗品经柱层析得到3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛。
本发明中,步骤(1)中,氢氧化钠的浓度为4~8wt%。
本发明中,步骤(2)中,有机溶剂为乙醚;用无水硫酸镁或无水硫酸钠进行干燥。
本发明中,步骤(2)中,柱层析时,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂为淋洗剂,其中,石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为7:1~12:1。
和现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法,采用中等浓度的硫酸反应,得到的是单一产物3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛,从而省去了繁杂的后处理过程,因此本发明的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法具有制备过程简单,操作方便,最终产物3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的得率和纯度高等特点。
进一步,本发明的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法中所用的4H-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-呋喃乙醛原料易得,价格低廉,所以本发明的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法生产成本较低,适于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进一步详细描述,但并不限制本发明。
本发明所用的各种分析仪器的型号及生产厂家的信息如下:
6890N-5973GC-MS,美国安捷伦公司生产;
本发明的各实施例中所用的设备及生产厂家的信息如下:
ZX-98旋转蒸发仪,上海豫康科教仪器设备有限公司生产;
硅胶柱(2.5cm×50cm),上海正慧工贸有限公司生产。
实施例1
一种3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)、在室温下,将4H-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-呋喃乙醛1.01g(98.90%,5.37mmoL)溶于质量分数为50%的硫酸水溶液2.00mL中,搅拌反应16h,结束反应,并用质量分数为5%的氢氧化钠水溶液调节反应后的溶液pH至中性,得到反应液;
(2)、将步骤(1)中所得的中性反应液用乙醚提取,所得的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥,翌日用滤纸过滤,所得的滤液用旋转蒸发仪蒸发、浓缩后得到3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛粗产物0.78g,气相色谱含量91.36%,得率78.99%;
(3)、将步骤(2)得到的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛粗产物用硅胶柱分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯按体积比即石油醚:乙酸乙酯为10:1的比例组成的混合溶剂作淋洗剂淋洗,蒸去石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂,最终得到0.54g的无色的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛纯品,得率为69.23%,纯度大于98.00%。
上述所得的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的气质联用质谱数据如下:
MS:154(M+.),143,128,111,85,73(100),59,55,50。
通过上述所得的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-3-辛烯-1-醛的质谱数据分析,结果表明,本发明制备方法所得的产物即为3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛。
实施例2
一种3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)、在室温下,将4H-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-呋喃乙醛1.05g(98.90%,5.58mmoL)溶于质量分数50%的硫酸水溶液5.00mL中,搅拌反应16h,结束反应,并用质量分数为5%的氢氧化钠水溶液调节反应后的溶液pH至中性,得到反应液;
(2)、将步骤(1)中所得的中性反应液用乙醚提取,所得的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥,翌日用滤纸过滤,所得的滤液用旋转蒸发仪蒸发、浓缩后得到3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛粗产物0.84g,气相色谱含量91.56%,得率81.99%;
(3)、将步骤(2)得到的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛粗产物用硅胶柱分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯按体积比即石油醚:乙酸乙酯为10:1的比例组成的混合溶剂作淋洗剂淋洗,蒸去石油醚和乙酸乙酯溶剂,最终得到0.60g的无色的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛纯品,得率为71.43%,纯度大于98.00%。
实施例3
一种3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)、在室温下,将4H-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-呋喃乙醛1.02g(98.90%,5.42mmoL)溶于质量分数45%的硫酸水溶液10.00mL中,搅拌反应16h,结束反应,并用质量分数为5%的氢氧化钠水溶液调节反应后的溶液pH至中性,得到反应液;
(2)、将步骤(1)中所得的中性反应液用乙醚提取,所得的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥,翌日用滤纸过滤,所得的滤液用旋转蒸发仪蒸发、浓缩后得到3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛粗产物0.83g,经检测,气相色谱含量94.28%,得率85.88%;
(3)、将步骤(2)得到的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛粗产物用硅胶柱分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯按体积比即石油醚:乙酸乙酯为10:1的比例组成的混合溶剂作淋洗剂淋洗,体积比为10:1,蒸去石油醚和乙酸乙酯溶剂,最终得到0.63g的无色的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛纯品,得率为75.90%,纯度大于98.00%。
实施例4
一种3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)、在室温下,将4H-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-呋喃乙醛1.06g(98.90%,5.64mmoL)溶于质量分数55%的硫酸水溶液15.00mL中,搅拌反应16h,结束反应,并用质量分数为5%的氢氧化钠水溶液调节反应后的溶液pH至中性,得到反应液;
(2)、将步骤(1)中所得的中性反应液用乙醚提取,所得的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥,翌日用滤纸过滤,所得的滤液用旋转蒸发仪蒸发、浓缩后得到3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛粗产物0.80g,经检测,气相色谱含量94.78%,得率80.08%;
(3)、将步骤(2)得到的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛粗产物用硅胶柱分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯按体积比即石油醚:乙酸乙酯为10:1的比例组成的混合溶剂作淋洗剂淋洗,体积比为10:1,蒸去石油醚和乙酸乙酯溶剂,最终得到0.56g的无色的3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛纯品,得率为70.00%,纯度大于98.00%。
上述内容仅为本发明构思下的基本说明,而依据本发明的技术方案所作的任何等效变换,均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)将4H-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-呋喃乙醛和45~55wt%的硫酸水溶液混合后,室温搅拌反应12~18h;反应结束后用氢氧化钠水溶液调节反应液pH至中性得到反应液;其中:4H-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-呋喃乙醛和硫酸水溶液的投料比为1mol:0.40L~1mol:3.00L;
(2)将步骤(1)中所得的中性反应液用有机溶剂萃取,所得的有机层干燥、过滤,滤液浓缩粗品,粗品经柱层析得到3,7-二甲基-6-羰基-2-辛烯醛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度为4~8wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,有机溶剂为乙醚;用无水硫酸镁或无水硫酸钠进行干燥。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,柱层析时,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂为淋洗剂,其中,石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为7:1~12:1。
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