CN107013568A - 预紧的轴承组合单元 - Google Patents

预紧的轴承组合单元 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107013568A
CN107013568A CN201610955320.1A CN201610955320A CN107013568A CN 107013568 A CN107013568 A CN 107013568A CN 201610955320 A CN201610955320 A CN 201610955320A CN 107013568 A CN107013568 A CN 107013568A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
bearing
rib
assembled unit
ring
shaped component
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Granted
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CN201610955320.1A
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CN107013568B (zh
Inventor
帕德里斯·卡特察罗斯
沃尔克·文特
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SKF AB
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SKF AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/585—Details of specific parts of races of raceways, e.g. ribs to guide the rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7816—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material
    • F16C33/782—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region
    • F16C33/7823—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region of sealing lips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/001—Hubs with roller-bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0078—Hubs characterised by the fixation of bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0094—Hubs one or more of the bearing races are formed by the hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
    • F16C19/364—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/547—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
    • F16C25/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F16C25/08—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting
    • F16C25/083—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting with resilient means acting axially on a race ring to preload the bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/581—Raceways; Race rings integral with other parts, e.g. with housings or machine elements such as shafts or gear wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
    • F16C33/605—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings with a separate retaining member, e.g. flange, shoulder, guide ring, secured to a race ring, adjacent to the race surface, so as to abut the end of the rolling elements, e.g. rollers, or the cage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
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    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
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    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
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    • F16C33/7803—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings
    • F16C33/7813—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings for tapered roller bearings
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7816—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material
    • F16C33/782—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region
    • F16C33/7826—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region of the opposing surface cooperating with the seal, e.g. a shoulder surface of a bearing ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
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    • F16C33/7816—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material
    • F16C33/783—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the mounting region
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C33/72—Sealings
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    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7886—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted outside the gap between the inner and outer races, e.g. sealing rings mounted to an end face or outer surface of a race
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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    • F16C43/04—Assembling rolling-contact bearings
    • F16C43/045—Mounting or replacing seals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2380/00—Bearings
    • B60B2380/10—Type
    • B60B2380/14—Roller bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
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    • B60B2380/70—Arrangements
    • B60B2380/75—Twin or multiple bearings having identical diameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/547—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings
    • F16C19/548—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C2226/52—Positive connections with plastic deformation, e.g. caulking or staking
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种轴承组合单元，特别是用于交通工具的车轮轴承组合单元，具有：至少一个滚动轴承，特别是具有两个圆锥滚子轴承，至少一个滚动轴承具有轴承外圈和轴承内圈，在轴承外圈和轴承内圈之间界定了轴承内部空间，轴承内部空间布置有滚动体；和用于密封轴承组合单元的密封组合单元，其中密封组合单元包括承载构件，承载构件能够以一起转动的方式连接至轴承组合单元的轴承圈中的一者，并且包括径向延伸的环状挡边，径向延伸的挡边承载有具有至少一个密封唇的径向环绕的密封件，密封唇朝向其他轴承圈延伸并密封地抵接在套筒形构件上，套筒形构件能够以一起转动的方式连接至其他轴承圈，套筒形构件被构造为形成所述滚动体的轴向止挡件的挡边。

Description

预紧的轴承组合单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有密封组合单元的、用于交通工具的车轮轴承组合单元的轴承组合单元。
背景技术
上述类型的用于车轮轴承组合单元的轴承组合单元通常具体体现为圆锥滚子轴承组合单元。此处，两个相配合的圆锥滚子轴承在轴向上彼此预紧且被接纳在轮毂上或轮毂中。此外，设置密封组合单元来密封轴承组合单元，以防止污物和/或水进入，和/或防止润滑剂排出。此密封组合单元通常具体体现为盒式密封件(cassette seal)并作为完整构件应用在轴承组合单元上，特别是应用在轴承圈上。
此外，设定圆锥滚子轴承中的预紧是相对复杂的且也是不精密的过程，其中试图通过使圆锥滚子轴承单元的两个内圈在轴向上彼此相向移位(在背对背轴承配置的情形中)或在轴向上彼此背离移位(在面对面轴承配置的情形中)来设定正确的预紧。正确的移位路径由构件的复杂测量决定，且通过垫片设定，使得产生期望的预紧。随后，通过拧紧(将整个轴承组合单元固定于轴部件的)轴螺母来维持预紧。
由于螺母的固定或内圈的固定经由相应的夹持力来实现，因而此处必须又要考虑经由垫片复杂地设定的轴承预紧被通常非常大的夹持力影响。所以实现所期望的精确预紧可能是很有难度的。
因此，现有技术(特别是DE 10 2012 221 297)已经提议在轴承圈上布置至少一个挡边，使得该挡边在轴向上相对于(承载该挡边的)轴承圈是可调节的，其中可调节的挡边包括螺纹，能够经由该螺纹调节挡边的轴向位置。
然而，由此产生以下问题：通常使用的盒式密封件不再能够使用，且盒式密封件必须被改动以适应特定的环境和预紧。这一方面是昂贵的且另一方面要求非常耗时的安装。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种轴承组合单元，其能够简单且精确地设定轴承组合单元上的预紧，并使得能够简单地安装密封组合单元。
此目的通过根据本发明的轴承组合单元来实现。
在下文中，提出了一种轴承组合单元(其特别用于交通工具的车轮轴承组合单元)，具有：至少一个滚动轴承，特别是具有两个圆锥滚子轴承，至少一个滚动轴承包括轴承外圈和轴承内圈，在轴承外圈和轴承内圈之间界定了轴承内部空间，该轴承内部空间布置有滚动体。此外，轴承组合单元包括用于密封轴承组合单元的密封组合单元，密封组合单元包括承载构件，承载构件能够以一起转动的方式(例如，经由轴向延伸的环形臂)连接至轴承组合单元的轴承圈中的一者，并且包括径向延伸的环状挡边，该径向延伸的挡边承载具有至少一个密封唇的、径向环绕的密封件。密封唇朝向其他轴承圈延伸并密封地抵接在套筒形构件上，套筒形构件能够以一起转动的方式连接至轴承组合单元的其他轴承圈。
为了不仅提供简单的安装，而且(正如下面进一步明确解释的)还提供轴承组合单元中的简单且精确的预紧，提议将套筒形构件形成为形成滚动体的轴向止挡件的、优选可轴向调节的挡边。因而，密封件和挡边可以在单个工作步骤中被安装。此外，除了更快速的安装之外，可以显出成本优势，原因在于不需要使用用于密封件的金属板部件和用于挡边的金属板部件，而是单个金属板部件就满足需要。
根据有优势的示例性实施方案，套筒形构件能够相对于相关联的轴承圈沿轴向调节，或相对于轴承圈布置。由此可以将所定义的预紧力施加到轴承组合单元上，同时轴承组合单元密封防止污物和/或水进入。
根据另外有优势的示例性实施方案，形成挡边的套筒形构件借助压力配合布置在轴承圈上或相对于轴承圈布置，并且能够逆着由压力配合给予的摩擦在轴承圈上移位或相对于轴承圈移位。由此可以实现可轴向移位的挡边的简单安装，原因是不需要在套筒形构件上设置螺纹，而是仅借助压力配合布置在轴承圈上或相对于轴承圈布置，且被构造成能够逆着由压力配合给予的摩擦在轴承圈上移位或相对于轴承圈移位。
此外，如果要经由形成挡边的套筒形构件设定预紧，那么以简单的方式是可能的，原因是经由压力配合的摩擦力大小与形成可移位挡边的套筒形构件的轴向移位实现预紧。此外，两条预紧回路(即滚子预紧的预紧回路和内圈夹持的预紧回路)的分离可以通过在受到压力配合作用时上推来实现，这又使内圈夹持或螺母锁定的不利影响能够与实际轴承预紧分开。此外，在形成可调节挡边的套筒形构件的移位期间，经由压力配合或由压力配合产生的摩擦量级，可以精确地确定滚动体施加到挡边上是什么力和因而轴承组合单元中主要是什么预紧。由此可以简单而快速地实现轴承组合单元上的所定义的预紧。这里，还可以经由使用挡边的不同的压力配合实现不同的预紧。
此外，有利地实现了形成挡边的套筒形构件的非常多种的布置可能性。因而，例如形成可调节挡边的套筒形构件可以被布置在外圈或内圈上，或还可以布置在接纳滚动轴承的轴承壳体上或由轴承可旋转地支撑的轴上。
因此特别对于布置在轴承内圈上来说，可以提供一种被设计成整体上更耐久的密封件。此原因在于，起到挡边作用的套筒构件的直径小于一体地形成有挡边的轴承圈的直径，从而使得转速(密封唇以该转速沿着套筒形构件运行)被减小，因而摩擦损失和磨蚀被减轻。
根据另外有优势的示例性实施方案，内圈或外圈包括圆柱形座，形成挡边的套筒形构件优选能够在压力配合作用下推到圆柱形座上。由于该圆柱形座，还可以实现反抗形成可移位挡边的套筒形构件的可移位性的、恒定的摩擦力，因而所定义的预紧可以被确定且产生。
此外，如果形成挡边的套筒形构件能够以轴向上不可调节的方式固定于轴承圈的话，那么这是有优势的。由此，套筒形构件可以固定地连接至轴承圈。如果套筒形构件被构造为可轴向调节的挡边，那么可以在产生期望的预紧之后在轴向上固定套筒形构件，以便防止形成可调节挡边的套筒形构件在轴承运行期间发生滑动。
这里，形成挡边的套筒形构件能以过盈配合或材料粘结(尤其是通过激光熔焊)的方式被连接至轴承圈和/或轴承壳体。由于过盈配合或材料粘结的连接，套筒形构件可以被非常快速且可靠地连接至轴承圈或轴承壳体。这里，优选周向布置的槽也可以被布置在轴承圈和/或轴承壳体上，套筒形构件被卷曲(rolled-up)到槽中和/或槽以另外的方式借助过盈配合被连接至套筒形构件。
此外，如果套筒形构件被设置为至少在部分区域内(尤其在与槽相互作用的区域内)是可略微变形的，那么套筒形构件可以在槽的区域内(例如经由捶打)变形，由此产生过盈配合。正如上面已经解释的，这使得套筒形构件与轴承圈和/或轴承壳体之间的简单的过盈配合连接成为可能。
根据另外有优势的示例性实施方案，形成挡边的套筒形构件被设置为至少部分被硬化(尤其被感应硬化)，优选地，将面朝滚动体的轴向末端区域和/或接触至少一个密封唇的区域设置为被硬化。由于套筒形区域应该优选包括用于引导滚子且用于抵接密封唇的硬接触区域，而且还包括用于将套筒形构件固定到轴承圈上的可塑性变形的区域，因此感应硬化的接触区域尤其是有利的。由此可以提供区域性的精确硬化和用于与槽过盈配合的塑性变形。
可选择地或另外地，形成挡边的套筒形构件至少部分包括(尤其是在外表面上包括)耐磨涂层。这里，面朝滚动体的轴向末端区域和/或接触至少一个密封唇的区域优选包括耐磨涂层。耐磨涂层可以是例如DLC(类金刚石碳)层、碳氮化层和/或氮化层，但是陶瓷层、硬铬层或现有技术已知的其他促进耐磨的层也是可设想的。由于存在耐磨涂层，即使长时间持续运行，也可以避免滚动体或密封唇的接触区域中出现过早的磨损迹象(prematuresigns of wear)，由此可以增加轴承的使用寿命。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种用于在密封的滚动轴承(尤其是圆锥滚子轴承)内设定预紧的方法，滚动轴承包括两个轴承圈，这两个轴承圈被设置为内圈和外圈且在该内圈和外圈之间布置有至少一个滚动体。此外，密封组合单元和可轴向调节的挡边被布置在内圈和/或外圈上，可轴向调节的挡边由套筒形构件形成，该套筒形构件同时起到密封组合单元的密封唇的接触套筒的作用。套筒形构件优选地借助压力配合被布置在轴承圈上或相对于轴承圈被布置，且能够在轴承圈上逆着由压力配合给予的摩擦移位或相对于轴承圈移位。这里，该方法包括下述步骤：
将形成挡边的套筒形构件布置在轴承圈上或相对于轴承圈布置；
将至少一个滚动体布置在内圈上；
将其上布置有至少一个滚动体的内圈引入到外圈中；
使内圈和/或外圈相对于彼此移位，直至到达套筒形构件上的至少一个滚动体的止挡件；
通过使内圈和/或外圈进一步移位来使套筒形构件逆着由压力配合产生的摩擦在轴承圈上移位或相对于轴承圈移位，使得在圆锥滚子轴承内实现预定的预紧；
将套筒形构件固定在假定该套筒形构件已达到预定的预紧的位置；以及
将具有轴向延伸的环形臂和径向延伸的环状挡边的密封件托架(其承载具有至少一个密封唇的、径向环绕的密封件)应用到与套筒形构件相对的轴承圈上，使得密封唇密封地接触套筒形构件。
在本文中，如果此用于预紧和密封的方法与上述轴承组合单元一起使用将是特别优选的。
另外的优势和优势性的实施方案被界定在说明书、附图和权利要求中。在本文中，尤其是说明书和附图中规定的特征的组合仅仅是示例性的，从而使得这些特征还可以单独存在或以其他方式组合存在。
附图说明
在下文中，参考附图中描绘的示例性实施方案更详细地描述了本发明。此处，示例性实施方案和示例性实施方案中所显示的组合仅仅是示例性的且无意于界定本发明的保护范围。此保护范围仅由在审的权利要求限定。
图1显示了从本发明的轴承组合单元的第一示例性实施方案截取的示意性横截面图；和
图2显示了图1描绘的轴承组合单元的详细视图。
附图标记列表
在下文中，相同的或功能上等同的构件由相同的附图标记表示。
1 轴承组合单元
2 滚动轴承
3 滚动轴承
4 内圈
5 内圈
6 外圈
7 外圈
8 滚动体
9 滚动体
10 可调节的挡边套筒
11 固定的挡边套筒
12、13 密封组合单元
14 轴向环形段
15 径向挡边
16 密封唇
18 圆柱形座
20 槽
22 轴螺母
24 夹持环
V1 预紧回路
V2 预紧回路
R 轮毂
具体实施方式
在图1中，轴承组合单元1被描绘为包括两个圆锥滚子轴承2和3。两个圆锥滚子轴承2、3中的每一个具有内圈4或5，但共用外圈6，或如图2所描绘的，每一个圆锥滚子轴承具有其自身的外圈6、7。滚动体8或9被布置在轴承圈之间。这样的轴承组合单元可以特别见于车轮轴承单元中，其中轴承组合单元被安装于车轮轮毂R。
所描绘的轴承组合单元被具体体现为背对背配置。内圈4、5上的挡边10和11限制了圆锥滚子8、9在轴向上的可移动性。
此处，挡边10、11被构造为套筒形构件(挡边套筒)，这些套筒形构件被推到轴承圈4、5上。虽然内圈5的套筒形构件11作为固定挡边被固定在内圈5上，但这并不适用于形成内圈4上的挡边10的套筒形构件10。此套筒形构件被实施为可轴向调节的挡边10，即还可以在轴承圈和滚动体组装完成后，在内圈4上沿轴向调节挡边10。
此外，可以从图1中看到，挡边套筒10、11同时被构造为密封组合单元12、13的接触套筒。密封组合单元12、13被构造为盒式密封件，且(如还可以特别是从图2的放大描绘图中看到的)包括轴向延伸的环形臂14和径向延伸的环状挡边15。此外，密封唇16被附着到径向延伸的挡边15上，密封唇16背离(轴向延伸的)环形臂14朝向轴承内圈4、5延伸，且密封地抵接在挡边套筒10、11上。这里，密封唇16还可以被构造为多部件式密封唇16，其以第一段16-A抵接在挡边套筒10、11的轴向延伸的段10-A、11-A上，且以第二段16-B抵接在挡边套筒10、11的(提供了挡边的)段10-B、11-B上。
此外，图2特别显示了挡边套筒11被构造为压力配合于内圈5。这里，如图1和2显示的，如果内圈4包括圆柱形肩部18，则挡边套筒10在压力配合作用下被推到圆柱形肩部18上，是特别有优势的。这里，在组装期间，先将形成固定挡边的套筒形构件11在压力配合作用下推到内圈5上并固定。此固定可以经由熔焊尤其是激光熔焊来实现；然而，也可以在轴承内圈4、5内设置槽20，挡边套筒10、11卷曲到槽20内。还可以通过锤打使挡边套筒10、11变形，从而在槽20内产生夹持。相比之下，在安装期间，使得形成可轴向调节的挡边10的套筒形构件逆着挡边套筒10与轴承圈4之间的摩擦阻力在轴向上移位，使得能够在轴承组合单元内产生预定的预紧。
这里有利的是，在拧紧轴螺母22(内圈4和5经由该轴螺母22被彼此固定)期间，发生形成可调节挡边的套筒形构件10的移位。在拧紧轴螺母22期间，滚动体8、9经由内圈4、5被压到外圈6上。由于挡边套筒10的压力配合通常小于轴螺母22使内圈4、5移位到其最终位置(即彼此抵接位置)所借助的力，因而挡边套筒10沿着圆柱形肩部18朝向轴向外侧移位。然而，此移位仅在克服了由摩擦产生的反作用力之后发生，从而产生摩擦力级别的预紧。由此可以定义并确定预定的预紧。
同时，两个预紧(即对应于预紧回路V1的轴承组合单元的预紧和对应于预紧回路V2的内圈4、5的预紧或夹持)经由轴螺母22的旋进而彼此分离，从而即使稍后内圈4、5相对于彼此不精确的安装，圆锥滚子轴承1本身中预定的预紧也得以维持。
如果在轴螺母22旋进之后，挡边套筒10的最终位置位于圆柱形轴承座18上，则可以例如使用过盈配合或材料粘结来固定挡边套筒10的位置。由此确保即使在运行时也不会发生挡边套筒10的进一步的轴向移位或松脱。为此目的，对于内圈4上的固定挡边套筒10，可以并入在周向上围绕轴承圈4延伸的槽20。在实现预定的预紧后，挡边套筒10随后可以被卷曲到槽20中或发生变形(例如通过捶打发生变形)，使得发生挡边套筒10在槽20内的夹持。可选择地，当然也能以材料粘结的方式(例如通过熔焊，尤其是激光熔焊)将挡边套筒10附着到内圈4上。那么就可以省去形成槽20。
为了保持挡边套筒10、11上的磨损尽可能的小，还可以设置成，将挡边套筒10-11的(面向滚动体8的)轴向的挡边段10-B、11-B构造成被感应硬化。相比之下，不将背离滚动体8的轴向末端区域10-C、11-C(参见图2)构造为被硬化。由此，挡边套筒10、11的未硬化区域10-C、11-C可以塑性变形，使得材料变形到槽20中是可能的。还可能的是，对区域10-A、11-A(密封唇16-A、16-B在该区域10-A、11-A上延伸(run))进行硬化。由此可以减轻此区域内的磨损。
可选择地或另外地，可以为挡边套筒10-11的面向滚动体8的轴向挡边段10-B、11-B和/或面向密封唇的区域10-A、11-A提供耐磨涂层。由于此涂层，特别对于长时间的运行，能够避免在挡边套筒10、11与滚动体8或密封唇16-A、16-B之间的接触区域中的、过早的磨损迹象。
替代在内圈4、5上布置挡边套筒10、11，正如描绘在图1和2中的，当然也可以在外圈6上或在包括该外圈的轴承壳体R上设置挡边套筒10、11。
正如上面已经提到的，本发明的轴承组合单元(特别是在车轮轴承单元中)具有以下优势：圆锥滚子轴承在预定的预紧下被安装。同时，一般来说，通常必须使内圈4和5处于紧密抵接的位置，以便在其之间布置夹持环24(参见图1)且使两个内圈4和5在运行时相对于彼此轴向固定。特别地，在现有技术已知的定位环的解决方案中，这已导致以下问题：在组装时必须要精确定义轴螺母的位置以便产生所定义的预紧。然而，由于就组装而言这是非常复杂的，因而迄今，预定的预紧通常已被省略。
如果还要密封圆锥滚子轴承免受外部环境的影响，已被证明的是，具有可轴向调节挡边的标准化的盒式密封件的使用通常并未被实现。特别地，在使用可轴向调节的挡边套筒的解决方案中，密封件必须被专门制造。由于上述作为密封唇接触件和滚动体支撑件的挡边套筒的使用，因而可提供一种还能够与可轴向调节的挡边套筒一起使用的标准化解决方案。然而，具有固定挡边套筒的密封轴承也可以配备有以下挡边套筒，即其可以同时被构造为密封组合单元的密封唇的接触套筒。如果密封件没有作为完整的组合单元套件被引入，那么可能有利地是以如下方式设计密封件托架，即轴向环段被布置在轴承内侧且径向挡边段被布置在轴承外侧。由此密封件托架可以被简单地推到轴承组合单元中(特别是挡边套筒上)。
除了减轻磨损的涂层或硬化之外，密封组合单元以及进而轴承组合单元的使用寿命还可通过以下方式延长，即使得密封唇在挡边套筒上的转速小于密封唇抵接在具有以一体方式构造的挡边的轴承内圈上时的转速。其原因在于，具有一体挡边的轴承内圈的外径相当于轴承圈厚度+挡边高度。忽略(omitted)因圆柱形肩部18导致的直径减小。然而，由此还降低了密封唇的转速，这导致延长了使用寿命。
进一步注意到，除了所描绘的圆锥滚子轴承之外，滚动轴承也可以包括同时用作密封组合单元的密封唇的接触套筒的挡边套筒。
总之，就上述轴承组合单元来说，密封的轴承组合单元可以被提供来协同使用一个元件，由此一方面节约成本且另一方面可以简化安装步骤。同时，借助轴承中的可轴向调节的挡边(使用该挡边实现了预定的精确预紧)，还提供了用于密封件的可标准化的且易于安装的解决方案。

Claims (12)

1.一种轴承组合单元(1)，其特别用于交通工具的车轮轴承组合单元(1)，所述轴承组合单元(1)具有：
至少一个滚动轴承(2、3)，特别是两个圆锥滚子轴承，所述至少一个滚动轴承(2、3)具有轴承外圈(6、7)和轴承内圈(4、5)，在所述轴承外圈(6、7)和所述轴承内圈(4、5)之间界定了轴承内部空间，所述轴承内部空间中布置有滚动体(8、9)；和
用于密封所述轴承组合单元(1)的密封组合单元(12、13)，所述密封组合单元(12、13)包括承载构件，所述承载构件能够以一起转动的方式连接至所述轴承组合单元(1)的所述轴承圈(4、5、6、7)中的一个轴承圈，并且包括径向延伸的环状的挡边(15)，径向延伸的所述挡边(15)承载有具有至少一个密封唇(16)的、径向环绕的密封件，所述密封唇(16)朝向另一个轴承圈延伸且密封地抵接在套筒形构件(10、11)上，所述套筒形构件(10、11)能够以一起转动的方式连接至所述另一个轴承圈，
其特征在于，
所述套筒形构件(10、11)被构造为挡边，所述挡边形成所述滚动体(8、9)的轴向止挡件。
2.如权利要求1所述的轴承组合单元(1)，其特征在于，所述套筒形构件(10、11)布置在所述轴承圈(4、5、6、7)上或相对于所述轴承圈(4、5、6、7)布置，且能够在轴向上相对于相关的轴承圈(4、5、6、7)调节。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的轴承组合单元(1)，其特征在于，所述套筒形构件(10、11)借助压力配合布置在所述轴承圈(4、5、6、7)(4；6)上或相对于所述轴承圈(4、5、6、7)(4；6)布置，并且能够逆着由所述压力配合给予的摩擦在所述轴承圈(4、5、6、7)(4；6)上移位或相对于所述轴承圈(4、5、6、7)(4；6)移位。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承组合单元(1)，其特征在于，至少两个滚动轴承(2、3)被设置为每一个滚动轴承都包括内圈(4、5)和外圈(6、7)，两个滚动轴承(2、3)能够通过使所述内圈(4、5)和/或外圈(6、7)相对移位来沿轴向预紧。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承组合单元(1)，其特征在于，形成所述挡边的所述套筒形构件(10、11)被布置在所述内圈(4、5)上或被布置在所述外圈(6、7)上。
6.如权利要求2-4中任一项所述的轴承组合单元(1)，其特征在于，形成所述挡边的所述套筒形构件(10、11)被布置在接纳或支撑所述滚动轴承(2、3)的组件(R)上。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承组合单元(1)，其特征在于，所述内圈(4、5)或所述外圈(6、7)包括圆柱形座(18)，形成所述挡边的所述套筒形构件(10、11)能够在所述压力配合下被推到所述圆柱形座(18)上。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承组合单元(1)，其特征在于，形成所述挡边的所述套筒形构件(10、11)能够以在轴向上不可调节的方式固定在所述轴承圈(4、5、6、7)上或固定在承载所述轴承的组件(R)上。
9.如权利要求8所述的轴承组合单元(1)，其特征在于，形成所述挡边的所述套筒形构件(10、11)以过盈配合或材料粘结的方式，尤其是激光熔焊的方式，连接至所述轴承圈(4、5、6、7)和/或连接至承载所述轴承的组件(R)。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的轴承组合单元(1)，其特征在于，优选将周向的槽(20)设置在所述轴承圈(4、5、6、7)上或设置在所述组件(R)上，形成可调节挡边的所述套筒形构件(10、11)被卷曲到所述槽(20)内，和/或形成所述挡边的所述套筒形构件(10、11)借助过盈配合与所述槽(20)连接。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承组合单元(1)，其特征在于，形成所述挡边的所述套筒形构件(10、11)被构造为至少部分被硬化，特别是被感应硬化，优选将面朝所述滚动体(8)的轴向末端区域(10-B、11-B)和/或接触所述至少一个密封唇(16)的区域(10-A、11-A)构造为被硬化。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承组合单元(1)，其特征在于，形成所述挡边的所述套筒形构件(10、11)至少部分包括耐磨涂层，特别是在表面上包括耐磨涂层，优选在面朝所述滚动体的轴向末端区域(10-B、11-B)和/或接触所述至少一个密封唇(16)的区域(10-A、11-A)上包括所述耐磨涂层。
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