CN106977764B - 一种超疏水超亲油海绵及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种超疏水超亲油海绵及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106977764B
CN106977764B CN201710281330.6A CN201710281330A CN106977764B CN 106977764 B CN106977764 B CN 106977764B CN 201710281330 A CN201710281330 A CN 201710281330A CN 106977764 B CN106977764 B CN 106977764B
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李忠
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,该发明采用多孔高表面可降解的壳聚糖海绵为基底,通过二次疏水改性,在海绵表面嫁接大量非极性基团以及较高的粗燥度,并且通过改性在很大程度上提升了海绵的力学性能,其疏水吸油性能十分明显,能够吸附相当于自身重量95‑150倍的油,相比一次改性的海绵,吸油性能提高了1.5‑1.8倍,并且本发明海绵的挤压性能十分好,所吸附的油污通过简单的挤压即可脱油再生,能够反复循环使用;另外,本发明超疏水超亲油海绵制备工艺简单,成本低廉,便于大规模生产。

Description

一种超疏水超亲油海绵及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于功能材料技术领域,具体涉及一种超疏水超亲油海绵及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着石油工业的迅速发展,以及溢油事故的不断涌现,严重地危害自然环境和人类的生存。如2010年的墨西哥湾海上漏油事故,不仅严重影响了当地海洋及海岸线的生态平衡,还因原油扩散而影响到更远的海洋区域,造成大量鱼类、鸟类和海洋生物的死亡。当漏油事故发生时,如何能够快速地收集水面漂浮的石油以及实现油-水分离已成为处理原油泄漏问题的关键,引起了世界各国的高度关注。传统的油水分离过程,如重力分离、燃烧等,都是效率较低的过程。而采用沸石、粘土、木材、活性炭等吸附材料进行油水分离或油性液体吸附时,其分离选择性和效率都较低。因此,实现高效的油水分离以及油性液体的高效吸附己经成为当今社会一个非常热点而又急需解决的科学问题。近年来,具有超级润湿性的功能性多孔材料备受人们的关注,被认为有可能用于高效油水分离过程。超级润湿性的功能性多孔材料一般有两种,一种是超疏水/超亲油材料,另一种是超亲水/水下超疏油材料。
海绵是一种多孔性材料,也是目前最常用的油-水混合物分离和泄露原油收集用吸附材料。常见的油-水分离用海绵通常采用对已有的海绵进行表面改性,使其具有疏水、亲油的能力,这种表面改性可通过物理负载或化学键合来实现;如中国发明专利申请CN103537120A报道了在聚氨酯海绵骨架表面沉积金属氧化物,再将硅烷偶联剂通过氧化物表面的经基连接到海绵上得到吸油海绵。由上述方法制备的材料具有较好的吸油性能,但是海绵在使用过程中存在机械稳定性差等致命性问题:轻微的摩擦、碰触即会导致材料表面丧失超疏水、超亲油性能,大大降低材料的油-水分离效果。Ruan等人也报道了(Angew.Chem.Int. Ed.,2014,53,5556-5560)利用聚多巴胺以及全氟十二硫醇对密胺海绵进行改性,得到具有超疏水超亲油的密胺海绵,但是此方法涉及多巴胺在密胺海绵表面的聚合反应以及全氟代十二硫醇接枝于聚多巴胺等多步化学反应,过程较繁琐,而且所用化学改性试剂成本较高,使此方法在实际应用中受到了一定的限制。中国专利CN103613781采用冷冻干燥法,将制备的超疏水芋叶粉末组装到三维网状壳聚糖表面,得到超疏水壳聚糖三维网络海绵,但该洗油海绵的性能一般,还有待提高。
因此,开发一种性能稳定,吸油性能更加优异的超疏水超亲油的海绵材料具有十分重要的工业应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种吸油速度快,洗油率高,循环性能稳定的超疏水超亲油的海绵材料及其制备方法。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)海绵的预处理:首先,将壳聚糖海绵浸入去离子水中,于超声装置中超声清洗,清洗完毕后取出海绵,再将海绵浸入无水乙醇中继续超声清洗,清洗完毕后烘干,最后采用等离子处理的方法对海绵进行进一步处理;
(2)一次疏水改性处理:将聚甲基羟基硅氧烷和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到无水乙醇的溶剂中,充分搅拌得混合溶液,然后将步骤(1)预处理后的海绵加入到上述混合溶液中,并进行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约2-4h后取出,在40-60℃下热处理1-2h后得到一次疏水改性海绵;
(3)二次疏水改性处理:首先将四丙氧基硅烷和二乙基二乙氧基硅烷加入到pH为8-9的乙醇-水溶液中进行水解反应一段时间得到改性液,然后将步骤(2)得到的一次疏水改性海绵加入到上述改性液中,同样行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约2-4h后取出,最后置于约100℃的烘箱中进行固化即得到所述超疏水超亲油海绵。
其中,所述壳聚糖海绵采用冷冻干燥法在液氮、-10~-50℃条件下所制备。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中聚甲基羟基硅氧烷和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与到无水乙醇的质量比为1:20~1:60,聚甲基羟基硅氧烷和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷的质量比约为1:1。
所述步骤(3)中四丙氧基硅烷和二乙基二乙氧基硅烷占水解体系质量的1~2%,四丙氧基硅烷和二乙基二乙氧基硅烷的质量比约为1:1。
所述乙醇-水溶液中乙醇的含量占75-90%,其余为水。
所述步骤(3)中调节pH的物质为氨水。
所述水解反应的时间为6-12h,温度为30-50℃。
另外,本发明还要求保护所述制备方法所制备得到的超疏水超亲油海绵。
并且,本发明还要求保护所述超疏水超亲油海绵在含油废水、油水分离中的应用。
本发明的技术效果为:本发明采用多孔高表面可降解的壳聚糖海绵为基底,通过二次疏水改性,在海绵表面嫁接大量非极性基团以及较高的粗燥度,并且通过改性在很大程度上提升了海绵的力学性能,其疏水吸油性能十分明显,能够吸附相当于自身重量95-150倍的油,相比一次改性的海绵,吸油性能提高了1.5-1.8倍,并且本发明海绵的挤压性能十分好,所吸附的油污通过简单的挤压即可脱油再生,能够反复循环使用;另外,本发明超疏水超亲油海绵制备工艺简单,成本低廉,便于大规模生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的阐述:
实施例1
一种超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)海绵的预处理:首先,将5cm×10cm×10cm壳聚糖海绵浸入去离子水中,于超声装置中超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后取出海绵,再将海绵浸入无水乙醇中继续超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后烘干,最后采用等离子处理的方法对海绵进行进一步处理;
(2)一次疏水改性处理:将10g聚甲基羟基硅氧烷和10g乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到500mL的无水乙醇的溶剂中,充分搅拌得混合溶液,然后将步骤(1)预处理后的海绵加入到上述混合溶液中,并进行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约3h后取出,在50℃下热处理1.5h后得到一次疏水改性海绵;
(3)二次疏水改性处理:首先将10g四丙氧基硅烷和10g二乙基二乙氧基硅烷加入到120gpH为8.5的乙醇-水溶液中于40℃下进行水解反应10h得到改性液,然后将步骤(2)得到的一次疏水改性海绵加入到上述改性液中,同样行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约3h后取出,最后置于约100℃的烘箱中进行固化即得到所述超疏水超亲油海绵;所述乙醇-水溶液中乙醇的含量占85%。
实施例2
一种超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)海绵的预处理:首先,将5cm×10cm×10cm壳聚糖海绵浸入去离子水中,于超声装置中超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后取出海绵,再将海绵浸入无水乙醇中继续超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后烘干,最后采用等离子处理的方法对海绵进行进一步处理;
(2)一次疏水改性处理:将5g聚甲基羟基硅氧烷和5g乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到300mL的无水乙醇的溶剂中,充分搅拌得混合溶液,然后将步骤(1)预处理后的海绵加入到上述混合溶液中,并进行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约2h后取出,在40℃下热处理2h后得到一次疏水改性海绵;
(3)二次疏水改性处理:首先将5g四丙氧基硅烷和5g二乙基二乙氧基硅烷加入到90gpH为8的乙醇-水溶液中于50℃下进行水解反应6h得到改性液,然后将步骤(2)得到的一次疏水改性海绵加入到上述改性液中,同样行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约2h后取出,最后置于约100℃的烘箱中进行固化即得到所述超疏水超亲油海绵;所述乙醇-水溶液中乙醇的含量占80%。
实施例3
一种超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)海绵的预处理:首先,将5cm×10cm×10cm壳聚糖海绵浸入去离子水中,于超声装置中超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后取出海绵,再将海绵浸入无水乙醇中继续超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后烘干,最后采用等离子处理的方法对海绵进行进一步处理;
(2)一次疏水改性处理:将12g聚甲基羟基硅氧烷和12g乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到600mL的无水乙醇的溶剂中,充分搅拌得混合溶液,然后将步骤(1)预处理后的海绵加入到上述混合溶液中,并进行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约4h后取出,在60℃下热处理1h后得到一次疏水改性海绵;
(3)二次疏水改性处理:首先将10g四丙氧基硅烷和10g二乙基二乙氧基硅烷加入到120gpH为9的乙醇-水溶液中于30℃下进行水解反应12h得到改性液,然后将步骤(2)得到的一次疏水改性海绵加入到上述改性液中,同样行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约4h后取出,最后置于约100℃的烘箱中进行固化即得到所述超疏水超亲油海绵;所述乙醇-水溶液中乙醇的含量占75%。
实施例4
一种超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)海绵的预处理:首先,将5cm×10cm×10cm壳聚糖海绵浸入去离子水中,于超声装置中超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后取出海绵,再将海绵浸入无水乙醇中继续超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后烘干,最后采用等离子处理的方法对海绵进行进一步处理;
(2)一次疏水改性处理:将8g聚甲基羟基硅氧烷和8g乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到400mL的无水乙醇的溶剂中,充分搅拌得混合溶液,然后将步骤(1)预处理后的海绵加入到上述混合溶液中,并进行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约3.5h后取出,在50℃下热处理1.2h后得到一次疏水改性海绵;
(3)二次疏水改性处理:首先将8g四丙氧基硅烷和8g二乙基二乙氧基硅烷加入到60gpH为8-9的乙醇-水溶液中于45℃下进行水解反应8h得到改性液,然后将步骤(2)得到的一次疏水改性海绵加入到上述改性液中,同样行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约2.5h后取出,最后置于约100℃的烘箱中进行固化即得到所述超疏水超亲油海绵;所述乙醇-水溶液中乙醇的含量占90%。
对比例1
一种疏水亲油海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)海绵的预处理:首先,将5cm×10cm×10cm壳聚糖海绵浸入去离子水中,于超声装置中超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后取出海绵,再将海绵浸入无水乙醇中继续超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后烘干,最后采用等离子处理的方法对海绵进行进一步处理;
(2)疏水改性处理:将10g聚甲基羟基硅氧烷和10g乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到500mL的无水乙醇的溶剂中,充分搅拌得混合溶液,然后将步骤(1)预处理后的海绵加入到上述混合溶液中,并进行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约3h后取出,最后置于约100℃的烘箱中进行固化即得到所述疏水亲油海绵。
对比例2
一种超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)海绵的预处理:首先,将5cm×10cm×10cm壳聚糖海绵浸入去离子水中,于超声装置中超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后取出海绵,再将海绵浸入无水乙醇中继续超声清洗1.5h,清洗完毕后烘干,最后采用等离子处理的方法对海绵进行进一步处理;
(2)疏水改性处理:首先将10g四丙氧基硅烷和10g二乙基二乙氧基硅烷加入到120gpH为8.5的乙醇-水溶液中于40℃下进行水解反应10h得到改性液,然后将步骤(1)得到的海绵加入到上述改性液中,同样进行反复压缩、膨胀,经过约3h后取出,最后置于约100℃的烘箱中进行固化即得到所述疏水亲油海绵;所述乙醇-水溶液中乙醇的含量占85%。
下面对本发明实施例和对比例的海绵进行性能评价:
以油品和水的混合物为吸附对象,将实施例和对比例的吸油海绵浸入油水混合物中,吸附油品的海绵通过物理挤压的方式去除吸附的油品,分别对吸油海绵吸附前后重量进行称重,计算吸油海绵的吸油性能;另外,通过物理挤压的方式去除吸附的油品,反复试验100次,分别对吸油海绵吸附前后重量进行称重,以此衡量其循环性能,试验结果如表1所示:
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)海绵的预处理:首先,将壳聚糖海绵浸入去离子水中,于超声装置中超声清洗,清洗完毕后取出海绵,再将海绵浸入无水乙醇中继续超声清洗,清洗完毕后烘干,最后采用等离子处理的方法对海绵进行进一步处理;
(2)一次疏水改性处理:将聚甲基羟基硅氧烷和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到无水乙醇的溶剂中,充分搅拌得混合溶液,然后将步骤(1)预处理后的海绵加入到上述混合溶液中,并进行反复压缩、膨胀,经过2-4h后取出,在40-60℃下热处理1-2h后得到一次疏水改性海绵;
(3)二次疏水改性处理:首先将四丙氧基硅烷和二乙基二乙氧基硅烷加入到pH为8-9的乙醇-水溶液中进行水解反应一段时间得到改性液,然后将步骤(2)得到的一次疏水改性海绵加入到上述改性液中,同样进行反复压缩、膨胀,经过2-4h后取出,最后置于100℃的烘箱中进行固化即得到所述超疏水超亲油海绵。
2.根据权利要求1所述超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述壳聚糖海绵采用冷冻干燥法在液氮、-10~-50℃条件下所制备。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中聚甲基羟基硅氧烷和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与无水乙醇的质量比为1:20~1:60,聚甲基羟基硅氧烷和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷的质量比为1:1。
4.根据权利要求3所述超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中四丙氧基硅烷和二乙基二乙氧基硅烷占水解体系质量的1~2%,四丙氧基硅烷和二乙基二乙氧基硅烷的质量比为1:1。
5.根据权利要求4所述超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乙醇-水溶液中乙醇的含量占75-90%,其余为水。
6.根据权利要求5所述超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中调节pH的物质为氨水。
7.根据权利要求6所述超疏水超亲油海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水解反应的时间为6-12h,温度为30-50℃。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述制备方法所制备得到的超疏水超亲油海绵。
9.一种权利要求8所述超疏水超亲油海绵在含油废水、油水分离中的应用。
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