CN106938003B - 黄精红曲制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黄精红曲制造方法，包括如下步骤：S1、黄精或黄精经过提取后获得提取液和黄精渣；S2、黄精或者黄精渣绞碎后，加入适量调节剂以调节其含水量为30‑60％，混合均匀，其中调节剂为米粉、黄豆粉或麸皮中任意一种或者多种；S3、将步骤S2混合均匀的物料，装入发酵瓶，用8层纱布封好瓶口，灭菌；S4、将灭菌好的物料，冷却到室温；S5、将冷却好的物料，接种加入红曲液态菌并摇匀，其中菌种为经过液态培养的液态菌种，接种量为10‑30％；S6、将接种好液态菌种，并摇匀的发酵瓶进行发酵培养；S7、将培养好的物料倒出，进行干燥，干燥后即获得成品，其中所用的干燥方式为低温干燥，干燥温度不超过60℃。本发明实现黄精的综合利用，减少环境污染的同时实现资源的最大化利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种红曲制造方法，尤其涉及一种黄精红曲制造方法。
背景技术
黄精是我国常用的中药材，为百合科(Liliaceae)黄精属(Polygonatum)多年生草本植物根茎的总称。《中国药典》2010版一部收藏了滇黄精(PolygonatumkingianumColl.et Hemsl.)、黄精(Polygonatumsibiricum Red.)或多花黄精(PolygonatumcyrtonemaHua)等3种原生药，按形状不同，习称“大黄精”、“鸡头黄精”、“姜形黄精”。黄精属植物在全球分布很广，大约有40多种，我国约有31种，分布于全国各地。黄精除了药用之外，还是卫生部首批公布的既是食品又是药品的原料之一。
有关黄精的记载始见于《名医别录》，其性味甘、平，归脾、肺、肾经，具补肾益精、滋阴润燥之功，用于滋补强身和治疗肾虚精亏，肺虚燥咳以及脾胃虚弱之证。《本草备要》、《日用本草》等众多医学典籍所记载，为众多医家推崇之补益肝肾之要药。现代研究进一步证明了黄精在抗衰老、延长寿命。降血糖和免疫调节、抗肿瘤、提高学习和记忆能力以及预防心脑血管疾病等方面均有不错的效果。
在成分组成方面，大量文献研究表明黄精的化学成分主要有:黄精多糖、甾体皂苷、蒽醌类化合物、生物碱、木脂素、维生素和多种对人体有用的氨基酸等化合物。这些成分有的溶于醇溶，有的水溶，正是依靠黄精的这些化学成分的协同作用，赋予了黄精多种效果。
黄精是中华人民共和国公布的首批既是食品又是药品的原料之一。中国药典记载:黄精，味甘，性平。归脾、肺、肾经。具有补气养阴，健脾，润肺，益肾之功。可用于脾胃虚弱，体倦乏力，口干食少，肺虚燥咳，精血不足，内热消渴等。目前黄精的应用主要通过蒸煮炮制后，作为中药饮片应用于临床或者中成药的生产。利用黄精开发的中成药如黄精丸、益元黄精糖浆、十一味黄精颗粒、黄精赞育胶囊、黄精养阴糖浆等等。作为中成药或中药饮片利用的黄精无一例外的都是通过提取黄精获得黄精提取液再加以应用。提取后的黄精渣一般都做丢弃处理，这在一方面带来了环境问题，另一方面对黄精资源也是一大浪费。
传统的红曲指红曲菌接种到大米上的发酵物，因红曲菌在发酵的过程中会产生很多的活性成分如Monacolin k,红曲多糖、红曲色素、麦角固醇等等，因此赋予了红曲调节血脂、血压、血糖等多种功效。将红曲菌接种到黄精或者提取后的黄精渣上未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了解决上述问题，提供一种黄精红曲制造方法，目的在于极大的减少废弃物的排放，在减少环境污染的同时，可以最大的限度的利用黄精资源，达到资源的最大化利用。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种黄精红曲制造方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、黄精或者黄精经过提取后获得的黄精渣清理干净，
S2、黄精或者黄精渣绞碎后，加入适量调节剂，调节其含水量为30-60％，混合均匀，其中调节剂为米粉、黄豆粉或麸皮中任意一种或者多种；
S3、将步骤S2混合均匀的物料，装入发酵装置，用纱布封好口部，灭菌；
S4、将灭菌好的物料，冷却到室温；
S5、将冷却好的物料，接种加入红曲液态菌种并摇匀，其中菌种为经过液态培养的液态菌种，接种量为10-30％；
S6、将接种好液态菌种，并摇匀的发酵装置进行发酵培养；
S7、将培养好的物料倒出，进行干燥，干燥后即获得成品，其中所用的干燥方式为低温干燥，干燥温度不超过60℃。
作为优选，步骤S1中提取方法包括水提和醇提。
作为优选，步骤S2中，含水量为35-45％。
作为优选，步骤S3中的灭菌方式为高温灭菌，灭菌温度121℃，灭菌时间30-45min。
作为优选，步骤S5中，菌种接种量为15-20％。
作为优选，步骤S7中，干燥温度为50℃。
作为优选，步骤S2中，固态发酵基质中黄精或者黄精渣不低于50％。作为优选黄精不低于50％，黄精渣不低于60％。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明实现黄精的综合利用，减少环境污染的同时实现资源的最大化利用。同时红曲在发酵过程中会产生众多有效成分，赋予黄精红曲更好的功效。
具体实施方式
一种黄精红曲制造方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、黄精或者黄精经过提取后获得提取液(提取液可进一步浓缩用作配方颗粒或者直接作为他用)的黄精渣，清理干净，去掉泥沙。步骤S1中提取方法包括水提和醇提。
S2、黄精或者黄精渣绞碎后，加入适量调节剂，调节其含水量为30-60％，混合均匀，其中调节剂为米粉、黄豆粉或麸皮中任意一种或者多种，作为优选，步骤S2中，含水量为35-45％。
S3、将步骤S2混合均匀的物料，装入发酵装置(例如发酵瓶)，用8层(纱布的层数可根据实际情况增减)纱布封好口部(瓶口)，灭菌，具体而言步骤S3中的灭菌方式为高温灭菌，灭菌温度121℃，灭菌时间30-45min。
S4、将灭菌好的物料，冷却到室温。
S5、将冷却好的物料，接种加入红曲液态菌种，并摇匀，其中菌种为经过液态培养的液态菌种，接种量为10-30％(作为优选菌种接种量为15-20％)。
S6、将接种好液态菌种，并摇匀的发酵装置进行发酵培养。
S7、将培养好的物料倒出，进行干燥，干燥后即获得成品，其中所用的干燥方式为低温干燥，干燥温度不超过60℃(作为优选温度为50℃)。
该实施例中所用的红曲菌种包括丛毛红曲菌Monascus pilosus，紫色红曲菌Monascus purpureus或者红色红曲菌Monascus anka。
实施实例一：取制黄精300克，提取两次，每次加水2kg,提取2h，合并滤液。得到黄精渣426克，绞碎。适当烘干，得到黄精渣366克，拌入米粉30克，黄豆粉30克，搅拌均匀，装入发酵瓶，厚度不超过5cm。用8层纱布封口，置于121℃下，灭菌45分钟，放置室温后接种紫色红曲菌(Monascus purpureus)液态菌种，接种量为15％，摇匀。在30-32℃下，培养三天，打散，转入23-25℃培养20天后，倒出物料干燥得到黄精红曲256克成品。经测定其Monacolink含量为7.83mg/g。
实施实例二：取制黄精300克，提取两次，每次加水2kg,提取2h，合并滤液。得到黄精渣420克，绞碎。拌入米粉40克，黄豆粉40克，麸皮20克，搅拌均匀，装入发酵瓶，厚度不超过5cm。用8层纱布封口，置于121℃下，灭菌45分钟，放置室温后接种紫色红曲菌(Monascusanka)液态菌种，接种量为20％，摇匀。在30-32℃下，培养三天，打散，转入23-25℃培养20天后，倒出物料干燥得到黄精红曲255克成品。经测定其Monacolin k含量为7.12mg/g。
实施实例三：取制黄精300克，提取两次，每次加水2kg,提取2h，合并滤液。得到黄精渣425克，绞碎。拌入米粉50克，黄豆粉50克，搅拌均匀，装入发酵瓶，厚度不超过5cm。用8层纱布封口，置于121℃下，灭菌45分钟，放置室温后接种丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)液态菌种，接种量为10％，摇匀。在30-32℃下，培养三天，打散，转入23-25℃培养15天后，倒出物料干燥得到黄精红曲248克成品。经测定Monacolin K含量为5.67mg/g。
实施实例四：取制精制后的黄精300克，绞碎。拌入米粉50克，黄豆粉50克，搅拌均匀，加水调节含水量为40％，装入发酵瓶，厚度不超过5cm。用8层纱布封口，置于121℃下，灭菌45分钟，放置室温后接种丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)液态菌种，接种量为20％，摇匀。在30-32℃下，培养三天，打散，转入23-25℃培养20天后，倒出物料干燥得到黄精红曲238克成品。经测定Monacolin K含量为6.68mg/g。
实施实例五：取制精制黄精300克，绞碎。拌入米粉30克，黄豆粉50克，搅拌均匀，装入发酵瓶，厚度不超过5cm。用8层纱布封口，置于121℃下，灭菌45分钟，放置室温后接种紫色红曲菌(Monascus purpureus)液态菌接种量为20％，摇匀。在30-32℃下，培养三天，打散，转入23-25℃培养15天后，倒出物料干燥得到黄精红曲226克成品。经测定Monacolin K含量为4.57mg/g。
Claims (1)
1.一种黄精红曲制造方法，其特征在于，该方法的方案一为：取制黄精300克，提取两次，每次加水2kg,提取2h，合并滤液，得到黄精渣426克，绞碎，适当烘干，得到黄精渣366克，拌入米粉30克，黄豆粉30克，搅拌均匀，装入发酵瓶，厚度不超过5cm，用8层纱布封口，置于121℃下，灭菌45分钟，放置室温后接种紫色红曲菌(Monascus purpureus)液态菌种，接种量为15％，摇匀，在30-32℃下，培养三天，打散，转入23-25℃培养20天后，倒出物料干燥得到黄精红曲256克成品；
该方法的方案二为：取制黄精300克，提取两次，每次加水2kg,提取2h， 合并滤液，得到黄精渣425克，绞碎，拌入米粉50克，黄豆粉50克，搅拌均匀，装入发酵瓶，厚度不超过5cm，用8层纱布封口，置于121℃下，灭菌45分钟，放置室温后接种丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)液态菌种，接种量为10％，摇匀，在30-32℃下，培养三天，打散，转入23-25℃培养15天后，倒出物料干燥得到黄精红曲248克成品；
该方法的方案三为：取制精制后的黄精300克，绞碎，拌入米粉50克，黄豆粉50克，搅拌均匀，加水调节含水量为40％，装入发酵瓶，厚度不超过5cm，用8层纱布封口，置于121℃下，灭菌45分钟，放置室温后接种丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)液态菌种，接种量为20％，摇匀，在30-32℃下，培养三天，打散，转入23-25℃培养20天后，倒出物料干燥得到黄精红曲238克成品；
该方法的方案四为：取制精制黄精300克，绞碎，拌入米粉30克，黄豆粉50克，搅拌均匀，装入发酵瓶，厚度不超过5cm，用8层纱布封口，置于121℃下，灭菌45分钟，放置室温后接种紫色红曲菌(Monascus purpureus)液态菌种，接种量为20％，摇匀，在30-32℃下，培养三天，打散，转入23-25℃培养15天后，倒出物料干燥得到黄精红曲226克成品。
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