CN106900448A - A kind of root-limiting cultivating method for improving apple nursery stock quality - Google Patents
A kind of root-limiting cultivating method for improving apple nursery stock quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN106900448A CN106900448A CN201710040325.6A CN201710040325A CN106900448A CN 106900448 A CN106900448 A CN 106900448A CN 201710040325 A CN201710040325 A CN 201710040325A CN 106900448 A CN106900448 A CN 106900448A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of root-limiting cultivating method for improving apple nursery stock quality, including：(1) only it is completely cured, does not transplant, carry out side and be disposably completely cured, break taproot is using the spade of 30cm long, 20cm wide to be completely cured at trunk week 15cm；(2) transplant, young plant is dug out from ground, extract all blade field planting, limit root degree is lighter；(3) transplant+be completely cured, apple seedling main root is down retained into 10cm from root neck, remaining main root part is cut off with secateurs, is then transplanted, lateral root retains；(4) transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root, that is, dig depth 40cm, and the high yield ditch of 30cm wide, bottom and Liang Bi spread non-woven fabrics, and backfill is colonized, and non-woven fabrics specification is 150g/m2, and breadth is 1.6m；The content of total Soluble Sugar gradually increases in treatment rear blade, and in early stage root system total Soluble Sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbierite is above untreated plant.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to apple nursery plant cultivation technology field, more particularly to a kind of root-limiting cultivating for improving apple nursery stock quality
Method.
Background technology
Apple is worldwide fruit, and because its annidation is strong, fruit storage endurance, supply time is long, be of high nutritive value and
Liking for the people of the world is firmly got, in global cultivation extensively, 2013, Chinese apple cultivated area was 227.22 ten thousand ha, yield
3968.26 ten thousand t, are China's the first main product fruit.Economic development of the development Apple Industry for the main producing region of promotion China apple
Had great significance with the living standard for improving the people.By taking Shaanxi Province as an example, the cultivated area of Shaanxi Apple is within 2013
66.520 ten thousand ha, yield is 942.82 ten thousand t, and Apple Industry has become Shaanxi Apple producing region mainstay of the national economy industry and richness
Civilian property industry.Chen Xuesen etc. present a comprehensive overview of the common feature of apple production advanced country of the world such as America and Europe, wherein big nursery stock, big close
Degree, standardization, early fruiting character etc. represent world today's apple industry trend, and the virus-free high-quality of commercialization nursery production is big
Seedling is the key (Chen Xuesen etc. 2010) of Early Paleozoic strata.Although China is apple production and country of consumption maximum in the world,
In China's apple production, in Variety distribution, orchard labour, kind and stock, orchard management technology, the aspect such as Apple is deposited
In problem.High-quality nursery stock is the basis for setting up high standard orchard, directly affects the development of Apple Industry, and China's apple
The universal poor present situation of seedling quality is also major issue present in apple production.In addition, with Apple Industry development and
The change of cultivation mode, 5-10 is the critical period that China's apple updates on a large scale from now on, how from apple seedling flitch
Face provides supports and ensures that it is a worth problem paid much attention to become.Therefore the key factor of research influence apple nursery stock quality
And the important technology of raising apple nursery stock quality, just turn into a significant job.High-quality seedlings are to set up
The basis in high standard orchard, directly affects the development of Apple Industry.Seedling quality refer to can meet under specific land occupation condition its into
A kind of living and growth state.China's national standard《Apple nursery stock》(GB 9847-2003) according to lateral root number, stock length,
Full bud number, has divided the 3 of standard size apple seedling and dwarfing interstock apple seedling in seedling height, rugosity, gradient and shaping strip
Individual classification standard.Numerous healing journeys for studying the height, rugosity, root system development situation and the grafting class nursery stock that also indicate that nursery stock
The factors such as degree, axillary bud development situation, the branch orientation of seedling are also to weigh and evaluate the important indicator of seedling quality.But mesh
Before, the production of China's apple nursery stock also lacks unified specification, many parameters of different nursery seedling qualities and national standard
It is required that there is larger difference.In China's apple nursery stock production, apple nursery stock is downgraded based on dwarfing interstock seedling, account for
95%, own-rooted tree production is little.More using grafting intermediate stock on the annual rootstock seedling that grows directly from seeds, next year remarries the mode for connecting kind
Nursery is carried out, 3 years are lasted from the outplanting that is seeded into of true seed.Investigation numerous at present show China's apple nursery stock
There is great number of issues in breeding, such as seedling density is excessive, extensive management and seedling quality are poor, such as root system, and plant height can not
Reach the requirement of apple nursery stock production standard.Found in apple by the investigation and analysis to Shandong Province and apple in Shaanxi province seedling quality
Fruit nursery stock production is not produced strictly according to flat nursery stock apple nursery stock standard, the national Seedling Criterion of apple nursery stock quality and China
Gap is big, and nursery stock total quality has much room for improvement.So research improves the important technology and influence apple nursery stock of apple nursery stock quality
The key factor of quality, is a significant job.In fact seedling density excessive (being commonly 30cm × 5cm) is
One of second-rate major reason of apple nursery stock.By contrast, France and the country such as Italy it is many using wide row away from, low-density
The mode of (mostly 80 × 30cm) carries out nursery；Stock breeding garden, cutting orchard are all set up in nursery.More than seedling propagation using dwarfing certainly
Root anvil, carries out mechanical horizontal branch shearing to stock first, plays after seedling and is classified rootstock seedling, is colonized in Seedlings nursery, then thereon
Grafted Variety；The main root of the high-quality strong sprout so produced is healthy and strong, and lateral root is more, and capillary root is intensive, and trunk is healthy and strong, pinniform branch
It is many, all it is 3 years paniculate seedlings of green tape, then rich water drip irrigation system is equipped with, Second Year can form certain yield after plant,
High yield is reached after 3 years, fruit quality is good, yield per unit area is high, saving of labor, and be easy to be formed and close efficiency with high light, together
When relatively low to labour demand spindle high it is tree-like.Production of this advanced seedling-raising technique to China's apple nursery stock has very
Important reference.A critically important feature of Apple in Foreign Countries advanced production state seedling-raising technique is exactly that apple nursery stock is carried out
It is completely cured and transplants, many researchs shows to be completely cured and can efficiently control root growth region, shorten nutrient transporting distance, absorb root system
Increase, the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school is healthy and strong, while controlling autumn growth growth.Planted after showing the result that " Fuji " apple sapling is completely cured cutting lateral root
Strain sorbierite, sucrose and Soluble adhesion molecule increase；Cutting lateral root simultaneously results in plant carbohydrate metabolism relevant enzyme
Increased activity；Experimental study is completely cured on life in 2 years " Fuji/M26/ Mains micromalus " apple sapling under the conditions of drought environment,
Cutting lateral root can partly alleviate drought stress to Growth And Development of Young Apple Trees, carbohydrate content and rhizosphere soil ring
Some harmful effects that border produces；With 5 years, raw potted apple was completely cured to show to be completely cured with beta pruning result and is significantly improved as examination material
The WUEL (WUE) of apple plants blades.And root system is equally had during being transplanted to nursery stock and digs disconnected,
So it is also a kind of form being completely cured to transplant；Meanwhile, in the middle of apple nursery stock seedling raising process, by height after seedling growth certain hour
The nursery stock transplanting field planting of seedling density is low-density, can greatly improve land utilization efficiency, reduces apple nursery stock production cost,
The seedling quality for bringing out is high.Root system of plant is both the vitals for absorbing nutrient and moisture, is also many kinds of substance assimilation conversion, closes
Into place.The aerial part and underground root system of plant remain that Growth trends are balanced, and form specific root/shoot ratio.Two
Part had not only connected again mutually restriction each other, premised on the development of the two normal growth is also mutual.Therefore, the growth of a side is limited inherently
Influence the growth of the opposing party.Because field soil condition has differences, the root system of plant can not possibly be at optimum environment
In, in most cases only some root system can normally play its function, and other root systems are mostly in and leave unused or waste shape
State, but this has no effect on the normal growth development of whole plant, here it is " Growth Redundancy " phenomenon of plant.So pass through
Technology controls the growth of root system of plant, reduces " Growth Redundancy " phenomenon, the nutrition of plant is concentrated to the portion required for production
Position supply, reaches the purpose for saving liquid manure and resource, and the fruits industry relatively low to tree-like larger, yield is even more important.Limit root is planted
Training is exactly to be controlled in certain volume root system of plant using the mode of physics or ecology, by the growth for controlling root system of plant
To adjust overground part split-off health a kind of new cultivation technique long and reproductive growth.The mode of root-limiting cultivating mainly has：(1) hold
Device is limited：For example potted plant by container, the root system of plant is limited in certain growth by control root container, non-woven fabrics, nutritive cube etc.
In the range of.The results of study such as Wang Canlei show that root system of plant is influenceed by root-limiting cultivating, after root-limiting cultivating axial root system become compared with
It is short, but plant has flourishing lateral root system, and root density becomes larger in addition, and with root activity higher, root-limiting cultivating is also
Significantly improve the quality of Watermelon Fruit.(2) mechanical treatment：It is completely cured when plant is colonized, root system bending, root system coil, root system
Knot or directly tear vertical root etc. can play a part of k-index growth.Being completely cured can be by the root of plant
System is efficiently controlled in the middle of certain region, while the distance of nutrient transporting can be shortened, is increased and is absorbed root system, the tree of plant
Gesture can become the golden mean of the Confucian school and healthy and strong, and autumn growth can also be controlled to grow, so as to reach the effect of control overground part growth；In cutting lateral root
The sorbierite of potted apple plant, sucrose and Soluble adhesion molecule increase afterwards；The WUEL (WUE) of plant leaf is bright
It is aobvious to improve；In addition under the conditions of drought environment, cutting lateral root can partly alleviate drought stress to Growth And Development of Young Apple Trees, carbon
Some harmful effects that hydrate content and rhizosphere soil environment are produced.In addition there are some researches show the root system to plant enters
Row mechanical restriction, removing the growing point of root system can increase the generation of lateral root.In China, people are in transplanted plantlet a long time ago
In order to improve the survival rate of transplanting, often first nursery stock is completely cured so as to reach promoting root growth purpose with mechanical (knife or shovel) in advance
Method, till now, in shade tree, also this method is being used in the middle of the transplanting big tree such as landscape tree.And in western countries, it is early
Phase cuts off container seedling root system to the extension in surrounding soil also frequently with periodically artificial mobile container method.Transplanting can promote nursery stock
Root system development, improve seedling quality this effective ways and also built consensus in western countries；(3) level of ground water limitation；Utilize
The hydrotaxis of plant root, the height of appropriate lowering of watertable, it is to avoid plant root is extended downwardly, for example ridging or under
Width ditch of making a bow with hands clasped is cultivated, and can not only make normal plants, also helps prematurity result；(4) chemical agent limitation；Mainly
Including chemical reagent and exogenous hormone two kinds of root of control, chemical reagent is usually that copper agent is essential element, and control root effect is good；Outward
Exogenous estrogen effectively control root reagent also have the dilute phosphorus of second, trefanocide etc. to control root the good results are evident, but also toxic effect；(5) nutrient
With moisture control：According to plant root to the absorption characteristics of liquid manure supply property, plant root is controlled in its growth scope；
(6) overground part growth limitation：Plant root is reduced using modes such as pruning, the training power of beating, the amount of blooming that increases, raising fruit-setting rates
Growth, in this way come reach limitation plant root growth effect；(7) increase plant spacing, cut down plant root
Growing space, can improve plant planting density, and the limitation to root also functions to certain influence；(8) allelopathy is utilized：Using miscellaneous
The competition that grass or other crops carry out water-fertilizer nutrient with the root system of plant limits the purpose of root to reach.In different root-limiting cultivatings
Root growth and external environment change under mode, cause root function that corresponding change occurs, and then influence outside plant
Growth and internal physiological biochemical reaction.On the one hand root regeneration and new root can be promoted, on the other hand makes overground part young sprout
Growth is suppressed.Many experimental results show that root-limiting cultivating can inspire fruit tree lateral root, suppress young sprout growth, promote into flower,
Fruit-setting rate is improved, increases yield, improve seedling quality.For the production status of China's apple nursery stock, root-limiting cultivating technology has
Very big application value：Be limited in root system of the apple in known scope by root-limiting cultivating, and can overcome apply under traditional cultivation pattern
The blindness of fertilizer；The nutrient growth on root-limiting cultivating controllably top, reduces plant " Growth Redundancy " phenomenon；Due to root-limiting cultivating
The vigorous growth of young sprout is inhibited, tree body is become short and small and is easy to dense planting, so as to reach water-saving fertilizer-saving, and in apple nursery, limit
Root cultivation can greatly increase seedling density, improve land utilization efficiency, reduce nursery stock production cost, alleviate Farm Land day
The contradiction that benefit is reduced, environment-friendly and sustainable development.It is simultaneously effective to control aboveground vegetation part and under ground portion and battalion
The distribution of organ and reproductive organs assimilation quotient is supported, the seedling quality for bringing out is good.Root-limiting cultivating technology improves agricultural money as one kind
Source utilizes and improves the effective ways of seedling quality, in depth explores and study root-limiting cultivating technology to apple nursery stock quality
Influence and its relevant physiological mechanism are put into practice tool and are had very important significance to the nursery stock production of China.Apple nursery stock is the base of building well
Plinth, there is important influence to apple industry.It is base anvil that current China apple nursery stock is bred and mainly uses seedling rootstock carpentery workshop
Dwarfing interstock sits ground seedling, and the seedling quality for going out garden is poor, and main root is flourishing, and lateral root is few and weak, and survival rate is low after causing building well, as a result
Later, yielding ability is poor.It is to cause the universal poor major reason of seedling quality that seedling-wood breeding technology has problems, while
It is major issue present in apple production and the key factor for being also restriction China apple industry.
In sum, current China's apple nursery stock is bred and mainly uses the dwarfing interstock that seedling rootstock carpentery workshop is base anvil to sit ground
Seedling, the seedling quality for going out garden is poor, and main root is flourishing, and lateral root is few and weak, and survival rate is low after causing building well, as a result later, and yielding ability is poor.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide it is a kind of improve apple nursery stock quality root-limiting cultivating method, it is intended to solve at present I
State's apple nursery stock is bred and mainly uses the dwarfing interstock that seedling rootstock carpentery workshop is base anvil to sit ground seedling, and the seedling quality for going out garden is poor, main
Root is flourishing, and lateral root is few and weak, and survival rate is low after causing building well, as a result later, the problem of yielding ability difference.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of root-limiting cultivating method for improving apple nursery stock quality, the raising apple seedling
The root-limiting cultivating method of wooden amount builds four kinds of root-limiting cultivating methods that can change apple nursery stock quality：
(1) only it is completely cured, does not transplant, carry out side and be disposably completely cured, break taproot is using length at trunk week 15cm
30cm, the spade of 20cm wide is completely cured；
(2) transplant, young plant is dug out from ground, extract all blade field planting, limit root degree is lighter；
(3) transplant+be completely cured, apple seedling main root is down retained into 10cm from root neck, remaining main root part is cut with secateurs
Go, then transplanted, lateral root retains；
(4) transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root, that is, dig depth 40cm, the high yield ditch of 30cm wide, bottom and Liang Bi and spread non-woven fabrics, returns
Banket field planting, non-woven fabrics specification is 150g/m2, and breadth is 1.6m.
Methods described (1) and method (2) can improve apple nursery stock quality, method (2) best results, in treatment rear blade
The content of total Soluble Sugar gradually increases, and in early stage root system total Soluble Sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbierite is above not
Treatment plant.
The root-limiting cultivating method of the raising apple nursery stock quality that the present invention is provided, with the annual ribs of apple nursery stock T337/ eight
Malus spectabilis and biennial richness long/T337/ Mains micromalus are test material, and test is carried out in late November, 2014 in Yangling Shaanxi,
If being completely cured, transplanting, being completely cured+transplanting, non-woven fabrics limit root four is processed, and is respectively control with corresponding crop field normal growth seedling, determine
Apple nursery stock grows and physical signs, influence of the relatively more different limit root modes to apple nursery stock quality and relative physiologic index.Knot
Fruit shows：1. growth of the root-limiting cultivating to apple nursery stock has significant inhibitory action, the bigger apple nursery stock life of limit root degree
Speed long is smaller；Limit root treatment reduces plant leaf area, leaf dry weight, and radicula amount substantially increases, and thick root amount is significantly reduced；Root
It is total surface area, root system volume and tip of a root number are dramatically increased；Cutting lateral root can increase Underground biomass；The treatment of limit root is over the ground
The influence of upper some growth is more notable compared with underground root system.Present invention reference apple nursery stock quality grade compartmentalization standard, with limit root
The quality of the biennial apple nursery stock of cultivation production is analyzed and draws, the limit root of appropriateness can improve the mass ratio of apple nursery stock
Such as it is completely cured and transplants, and limit the serious transplanting of root degree+be completely cured, although the limit root treatment of transplanting+non-woven fabrics can increases nursery stock
Lateral root number, but the inhibitory action of upper grown is excessive over the ground, is not reaching to improve the effect of seedling quality.2. root-limiting cultivating makes
Apple nursery stock Net Photosynthetic Rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2Concentration, transpiration rate is reduced, and WUEL increases.At transplanting
Higher than control, but less than control, the ABA contents in the middle of blade and root system are relatively compareed and dramatically increased root system reason rear blade ZR contents；
Under root-limiting cultivating, the IAA contents in blade are significantly raised, and IAA contents are significantly reduced in root system；Root-limiting cultivating is to root IAA's
Content influence of the content influence more than IAA in upper blade over the ground；Limit root treatment reduces GA contents in plant.After limit root treatment
The content of total Soluble Sugar gradually increases in blade, and wherein cane sugar content is presented increased trend after first reduction, the limit root of appropriateness
Early stage can increase the cane sugar content in blade, and excessive limit root then can reduce it；Can in the middle of root system after limit root treatment
Dissolubility total sugar content be in fall before after rise trend, early stage respectively limit root treatment root system total Soluble Sugar, sucrose, glucose,
Fructose, sorbierite is above control.The vigorous growth of young sprout is inhibited due to root-limiting cultivating, tree body is become short and small and is easy to dense planting,
So as to reach water-saving fertilizer-saving, and in apple nursery, root-limiting cultivating can greatly increase seedling density, improve land utilization efficiency,
Nursery stock production cost is reduced, alleviates the contradiction that Farm Land is increasingly reduced, environment-friendly and sustainable development.Effectively simultaneously
Control aboveground vegetation part and under ground portion and nutrition organs and reproductive organs assimilation quotient distribution, the seedling quality for bringing out
It is good.Root-limiting cultivating technology is in depth explored as a kind of effective ways for improving utilization of agricultural resources utilization and improving seedling quality
Influence and its relevant physiological mechanism with research root-limiting cultivating technology to apple nursery stock quality put into practice tool to the nursery stock production of China
Have very important significance.
The present invention is with reference to apple nursery stock quality grade compartmentalization standard, the quality with the root-limiting cultivating biennial apple nursery stock of production
It is analyzed and draws, the quality that appropriate limit root can improve apple nursery stock is such as completely cured and is transplanted, and it is serious to limit root degree
Transplanting+be completely cured, although the limit root treatment of transplanting+non-woven fabrics can increase the lateral root number of nursery stock, the over the ground suppression of upper grown
Make of excessive, be not reaching to improve the effect of seedling quality.The content of total Soluble Sugar gradually increases in limit root treatment rear blade
Plus, root treatment root system total Soluble Sugar is respectively limited in early stage, sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbierite is above control.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the root-limiting cultivating provided in an embodiment of the present invention influence thick to annual apple nursery stock plant height and stem is illustrated
Figure；
In figure：A：Plant height B：Footpath is thick.
Fig. 2 is the influence schematic diagram that root-limiting cultivating provided in an embodiment of the present invention grows to biennial apple nursery stock；
In figure：A：Plant height B：Footpath is thick.
Fig. 3 is that influence of the root-limiting cultivating provided in an embodiment of the present invention to apple nursery stock SL A and single blade quality is shown
It is intended to；
In figure：The annual plant of A；The biennial plant of B.
Fig. 4 is that root-limiting cultivating provided in an embodiment of the present invention shows annual plant above ground portion with the influence of underground part biomass
It is intended to.
Fig. 5 is that root-limiting cultivating provided in an embodiment of the present invention shows biennial plant above ground portion with the influence of underground part biomass
It is intended to.
Fig. 6 is influence schematic diagram of the root-limiting cultivating provided in an embodiment of the present invention to annual plant endogenous hormones.
Fig. 7 is that influence of the root-limiting cultivating provided in an embodiment of the present invention to annual plant leaf total Soluble Sugar is illustrated
Figure.
Fig. 8 is influence schematic diagram of the root-limiting cultivating provided in an embodiment of the present invention to annual plant leaf soluble sugar；
In figure：A：Sucrose B：Glucose C：Fructose D：Sorbierite.
Fig. 9 is that influence of the root-limiting cultivating provided in an embodiment of the present invention to annual plant root total Soluble Sugar is illustrated
Figure.
Figure 10 is influence schematic diagram of the root-limiting cultivating provided in an embodiment of the present invention to annual plant root soluble sugar；
In figure：A：Sucrose B：Glucose C：Fructose D：Sorbierite.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Application principle of the invention is further described with reference to experiment.
1 experiment is main in the way of apple nursery stock root-limiting cultivating and the suitable age of tree of root-limiting cultivating is as point of penetration, by grinding
Study carefully different limit root mode seedling quality evaluation index relative physiologic indexes influences, filter out effect preferably root-limiting cultivating mode and
The suitable age of tree of apple nursery stock root-limiting cultivating, for artificially improve apple nursery stock quality and apple morning Feng You cultivation provide theory according to
According to, and propose China's apple seedling breeding high-quality seedlings new technology system.
1.1 experiment garden overviews
Test is carried out in October, -2015 in November, 2014, and test site is Xianyang, Shanxi province city Yangling Area country
Apple improves center Yang Ling branch centers experiment and demonstration base (108 ° 04 ' of east longitude, 34 ° 16 ' of north latitude), mean sea level 525m, every year
Sunshine time is about 2150h, and average temperature of the whole year is about 12.9 DEG C, and annual rainfall is about 635.1mm, and frost-free period is about 210d, category
Continental warm temperate zone monsoon climate.
1.2 test materials
With annual apple nursery stock T337/ Mains micromalus and biennial richness long/T337/ Mains micromalus as test material, its
In, it is the annual average plant height 91.67cm of apple nursery stock T337/ Mains micromalus, the thick 8.81mm in footpath, thick radical 8 (＞ 0.45mm), thin
Radical 21 (＜ 0.45mm)；The biennial average plant height 101.7cm of richness long/T337/ Mains micromalus, base anvil rugosity be 13.33mm, in
Between anvil rugosity slightly for 10.78mm, thick radical 7 (＞ 0.45mm), radicula number 23 (＜ 0.45mm), root anvil length be 10.33cm, rule
Lattice are basically identical；Planting density is 80cm × 30cm.Processed in late November, 2014, be completely cured respectively, transplant, transplant
+ be completely cured, transplant+non-woven fabrics limit four treatment of root, it is respectively control with crop field normal growth seedling.Each treatment and control are respectively
400 plants, unification is poured water after treatment, using nursery Routine Management.
1.3 test methods
Test process are carried out when transplanting in late November, 2014, are compareed as seedling is cultivated with sitting in crop field, do not carry out any place
Reason.Each treatment concrete operations are as follows：
Treatment 1：Only it is completely cured, does not transplant.Because seedling age is small, carries out side and be disposably completely cured, break taproot.Apart from trunk week
The spade of 30cm long, 20cm wide is used to be completely cured at about 15cm, limit root degree is light.
Treatment 2：Transplant.Young plant is dug out from ground, all blade field planting are extractd, limit root degree is lighter.
Treatment 3：Transplant+be completely cured.Apple seedling main root is down retained into 10cm from root neck, remaining main root part secateurs
Cut off, then transplanted, lateral root retains, limit root degree is heavier.
Treatment 4：Transplanting+non-woven fabrics limits root.Dig depth 40cm, the high yield ditch of 30cm wide, bottom and Liang Bi and spread non-woven fabrics,
Backfill is colonized.Non-woven fabrics specification is 150g/m2, and breadth is 1.6m, and limit root degree is attached most importance to.Control and each treatment are corresponding with abbreviation
Relation such as table 1.
The limit root treatment of the apple nursery stock of table 1
1.4 testing indexs and method
1.4.1 the measure of growth indexes
Data are measured in apple nursery stock in May, 2015 to September, and each 50 plants for the treatment of selection carries out statistical analysis.Survey
The index of amount has plant height (to the distance of terminal bud at kind grafting mouth)；Plant rugosity (nursery stock at 10cm in kind grafting mouth
Particle size).In in November, 2015, treatment and adjoining tree respectively randomly select 3 plants and carry out destructive measurement, and each position is weighed respectively
(blade, kind, intermediate stock, base anvil, thick root, radicula), drying, records the dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings at each position.
1.4.2 the measure of Photosynthetic Index
Data are measured in plant strain growth peak period (June), and each 10 plants for the treatment of selection carries out statistical analysis.With
The portable photosynthetic analyzers of LI-6400 of Li2COR companies production, in the fine day morning 9:00-11:00 determines ripe health respectively
The Photosynthetic Indexes such as the Net Photosynthetic Rate of blade, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, Cell-cell junction.And calculate water utilization effect
Rate (Pn/Tr).
1.4.3 the measure of indicator blade
In 7-8 piece climax leaves under 5-9 month every middle of a month in 2015, random selection plant top tip, 1-2 pieces/strain is adopted, amounted to
50/treatment is adopted, is put into ready ice chest in advance, taking back laboratory carries out following treatment：(1) EPSON is used
Perfection V33/V330 scanner scanning blades, by Leaf AutoCompute softwares calculate length of blade, width,
The indexs such as leaf area；(3) blade of leaf index has been determined, in 105 DEG C of baking oven de-enzyme 30min, perseverance has been dried to then at 75 DEG C of baking ovens
Weight, weighs blade dry mass, and unit is (g).And the blade after drying is placed at shady and cool drying for soluble sugar content
Determine.
1.4.4 root index is determined
In each treatment 3 plants of apple nursery stock of random acquisition of in March, 2015-July, the whole root systems for periodically taking out whole strain are carried out
Mark, and take back laboratory immersion, rinse, scanned with WinRHIZO (Pro2012a, USA) root systems analysis system, analyze and count
Calculate, show that total root of each treatment plant is long, roots oxidizing, root system surface area, root system volume, tip of a root number, thick radical and radicula number
Etc. data.And by root system in 105 DEG C of baking ovens de-enzyme 30min, then at 75 DEG C of baking ovens dry to constant weight after be placed in the cool place place of drying and be used for
The measure of soluble sugar content.
1.4.5 hormone-content is determined
The top tip leaflet and radicula of the close annual T337/ Mains micromalus of in June, 2015 collection growth potential are used as hormone
Determine examination material.Sampling time is in the morning 8：00–11：00, each about 2g/ plants for the treatment of, 5 repetitions.Institute's sample thief encloses liquid nitrogen
In tank, take back laboratory and be placed in storage in -80 DEG C of refrigerators, with enzyme-linked absorption immunoassay method (ELISA) determine root system ABA,
IAA, ZR, GA content.
1.4.6 soluble sugar content is determined
By the dry sample grind into powder of each treatment, the thin 0.5g of blade 0.3g, root is weighed in 10ml centrifuge tubes, add
30min, 8000r/min centrifugation 10min are vibrated in the ethanol of 7.5ml 80%, 70 DEG C of water-baths, take supernatant in 25ml teat glasses,
In triplicate, constant volume (80% ethanol) is shaken up to 25ml.Take in 10ml to 50ml centrifuge tubes, 55 DEG C dry, plus 10ml water dissolves,
0.45 μ filters are filtered, and each repeats to be dispensed into 2 pipes.With Waters high performance liquid chromatograph measure and calculations obtain each treatment can
Dissolubility sugared content, chromatographic condition is：Detector is Waters2498, mobile phase (EDTA-Ca 50mg.L-1), and flow velocity is
0.5ml.min-1, column temperature is 40 DEG C, and sample size is 10 μ L.
1.5 data analyses
Treatment, analysis and the corresponding chart of data are carried out using softwares such as Excel2013, SigmaPlot12 and SPSS
Make.
2 results and analysis
Influence of the 2.1 different root-limiting cultivating modes to apple nursery stock quality
2.1.1 the influence thick to apple nursery stock plant height and footpath
From figure 1 it appears that growth of the root-limiting cultivating to annual apple nursery stock has obvious inhibitory action, with life
The extension of phase is educated, the treatment of limit root is original more obvious to the growth inhibitory effect of apple nursery stock.Wherein control growth potential is most strong, transplants
+ non-woven fabrics limit root treatment plant growing way is most weak, and this explanation limit root suppresses mode (the limit root of the effect because of limit root treatment of plant strain growth
Degree) different and there is significant difference, the big apple nursery stock growth rate of the limit root degree treatment small significantly lower than degree.From 5
The moon 15, the plant heights of difference limit roots treatment nursery stocks and footpath slightly occur as soon as more obvious difference, and with the growth of plant, difference is limited
The thick difference of plant height and footpath gradually increases between root treatment；To August and September, in addition to non-woven fabrics limit root is processed, other 4 limits
Difference in plant height is presented the trend being gradually reduced between root treatment, and annual plant plant height and footpath are slightly eventually exhibited as control>It is completely cured>
Transplant>Transplant+be completely cured>Transplanting+non-woven fabrics limits root.
As shown in Fig. 2 wherein cutting lateral root and adjoining tree growth potential is more consistent, and the former is always below the latter, two
The difference of person is presented the trend of first increases and then decreases；From May 15, transplant, transplant+be completely cured and transplant+non-woven fabrics limit root at
The plant height of reason is substantially less than control and cutting lateral root plant height；To August 15 days, transplant, transplant+be completely cured and transplant+non-woven fabrics limit root
Maximum, and significant difference each other are reached with the growth potential difference for compareing.It is right that biennial plant height and footpath slightly finally equally show as
According to>It is completely cured>Transplant>Transplant+be completely cured>Transplanting+non-woven fabrics limits root.
2.1.2 to the influence of apple nursery stock leaf growth feature
Apple tree blade is made up of phyllopodium, petiole, and three parts of blade, is the main device of photosynthesis and respiration
Official, therefore, leaf and its size has important influence to all one's life of plant.The accumulation of photosynthesis of plant Assimilate is direct
Influence the shapes and sizes of blade.Plant SL A can be seen that by Fig. 3 A basically identical with leaf weight variation tendency.Difference limit
Root processes the leaf dry weight significant difference of plant, and with the increase of limit root degree, the leaf growth of annual apple nursery stock is in
The trend of " normal distribution ", wherein compareing<It is completely cured<Transplant ＞ and transplant+be completely cured ＞ transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root, illustrate in certain model
In enclosing, the treatment of limit root has facilitation to the growth of annual plant leaf and dry-matter accumulation, and exceedes this scope, then show
It is inhibitory action.Can be seen that influence of the limit root treatment to biennial apple nursery stock leaf dry weight and leaf area is in first to increase by Fig. 3 B
Plus after reduce trend, show as transplant ＞ control ＞ be completely cured ＞ transplant+be completely cured ＞ transplantings+non-woven fabrics limit root.With reference to Fig. 3 A and
Fig. 3 B, illustrate that the ability to bear of different seedling age apple nursery stock plant pair limit root treatment is different, wherein annual plant ＞ is biennial
Plant.
2.1.3 to the influence of apple nursery stock Root System Growth Characteristics
The influence that the root-limiting cultivating of table 2 is constituted to annual apple nursery stock root system
Note：The different lowercase letter indication difference level of signifiance (P are write with mark after column data<0.05).
Root system is the vitals that plant body absorbs moisture and mineral nutrition from soil, also plays mechanical support to plant
Effect.The result of table 2 shows that difference limit root treatment makes a significant impact on annual apple nursery stock root system composition, and radicula shows as
Substantially increase, thick root is significantly reduced.Wherein influence maximum is root system of the diameter in 0mm-2mm, transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root radicula
Amount is most, is 2.24 times of control, and account for its total root it is long 92.18%；Transplant+be completely cured diameter 2mm-4.5mm thick root compared with
Control is dramatically increased, and is 1.41 times of control.
The influence that the root-limiting cultivating of table 3 is constituted to biennial apple nursery stock root system
Note：The different lowercase letter indication difference level of signifiance (P are write with mark after column data<0.05).
The result of table 3 shows, and treatment is completely cured, transplants, transplanting+being completely cured, transplanting+and non-woven fabrics limit root relatively control radicula amount shows as
Dramatically increase, 1.72 for respectively compareing times, 1.79 times, 1.95 times and 2.56 times；Thick root shows as substantially reducing.Illustrate to limit root
Treatment promotes the growth of apple nursery stock radicula, and suppresses the growth of thick root.
The root-limiting cultivating of table 4 is long to the total root of annual apple nursery stock, root system surface area, volume, the influence of tip of a root quantity
Note：The different lowercase letter indication difference level of signifiance (P are write with mark after column data<0.05).
As can be seen from Table 4, each treatment relatively control root system total surface area, root system volume and tip of a root number show as significantly increasing
Plus, wherein be completely cured and transplant+non-woven fabrics limit root is long in total root, root system total surface area, root system volume is maximum and the two is without substantially poor
Different, number the latter is more for the tip of a root；Total root system volume and tip of a root number are increased more obvious.Illustrate that limit root treatment can promote annual
The growth of plant root.
The root-limiting cultivating of table 5 is long to the total root of biennial apple nursery stock, root system surface area, volume, the influence of tip of a root quantity
Note：The different lowercase letter indication difference level of signifiance (P are write with mark after column data<0.05).
As can be seen from Table 5, total root system surface area of cutting lateral root, volume and tip of a root number are relatively compareed and significantly reduced, total root
It is long substantially to increase；Transplant, transplant+be completely cured, the limit root treatment of transplantings+non-woven fabrics relatively compares total root long, total root system surface area, volume with
Tip of a root number all shows as increasing, and difference is obvious.Generally speaking, limit root treatment can promote the growth of biennial plant root.
2.1.3 to the influence of apple nursery stock biomass
The result of table 6 shows that each treatment base anvil biomass is relatively compareed and all substantially reduced；Cutting lateral root (is completely cured, transplant+be completely cured)
Thick root biomass dramatically increase, slightly root biomass is substantially reduced for transplanting treatment (transplant, transplantings+non-woven fabrics limit root)；Treatment is moved
Plant+be completely cured, transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root Fine Root Biomass is relatively compareed and dramatically increased, wherein transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root Fine Root Biomass
It is maximum with contrast difference, increased 43.86%, and be completely cured Fine Root Biomass with compare no notable difference.
Influence of the different root-limiting cultivating modes of table 6 to annual apple nursery stock biomass
Note：The different lowercase letter indication difference level of signifiance (P are write with mark after column data<0.05), diameter ＞ 2mm are thick
Root, diameter ＜ 2mm are radicula.
Figure 4, it is seen that the treatment of different limit roots is divided into three levels to the influence performance of annual total plant mass：
It is completely cured and compares biomass at most, therebetween without notable difference, but the subterraneous root pastern being completely cured shows increase clearly, moves
Plant, transplant+be completely cured, biomass is less, but the subterraneous root pastern point of the even more serious transplanting+cutting lateral root of limit root degree also compares
The biomass for limiting the transplanting of root lesser extent is big；The total biomass of transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root is minimum, aerial part and underground part
Decomposing biological amount account for total biomass proportion almost, illustrate transplantings+non-woven fabrics limit root process and meanwhile limit plant root system and
The growth of overground part.Above analytic explanation, influence of the difference limit root treatment to annual apple nursery stock biomass significantly, and is processed
There is significant difference and between treatment with compareing.In addition, limiting root mode by being completely cured and transplanting+be completely cured two for cutting lateral root
It is increased that Underground biomass is relatively compareed, and Aboveground Biomass of Young shows as reducing, and passes through the transplanting for transplanting treatment,
Transplant+be completely cured, the biomass of transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root total biomass and aerial part is relatively compareed and significantly reduced.
Plant is an organic whole, there is the relation for connecting each other and mutually restricting between each organ.Root is inhaled for plant
The major organs of moisture and nutrient are received, transported, whole plant is played a supportive role.The upgrowth situation of root system directly affects whole plant
The growth of strain and yield.The result of table 7 shows that difference limit root treatment is to biennial apple nursery stock trunk, base anvil, the biology of intermediate stock
The influence of amount and total biomass has significant difference, is reduced with the increase of limit root degree.Wherein transplanting+non-woven fabrics limits root master
Dry, base anvil, intermediate stock biomass is at least respectively the 36.10%, 59.22% and 61.55% of control；Respectively process thick root biomass
Relatively control has all been reduced, and does not have notable difference between transplanting and transplant+being completely cured；Each treatment relatively control total biomass difference shows
Write, and all show as reducing, 16.69%, 28.19%, 38.23%, 41.31% is reduced respectively.Treatment is completely cured, and transplants radicula life
Thing amount relatively compares no notable difference, and transplants+be completely cured, and transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root Fine Root Biomass relatively compares and shows as increasing,
Increase by 25.56%, 247.78% respectively.As can be seen from Figure 5, the biomass of biennial plant is reduced after the treatment of limit root, wherein respectively
The aerial part for the treatment of is more compared with what Underground biomass was reduced, illustrates to limit influence of the root treatment to aerial growth compared with ground
Lower root system is more notable.
Influence of the root-limiting cultivating of table 7 to biennial apple nursery stock biomass
Note：The different lowercase letter indication difference level of signifiance (P are write with mark after column data<0.05), diameter ＞ 2mm are thick
Root, diameter ＜ 2mm are radicula.
2.2 different root-limiting cultivating modes grow the influence of relative physiologic index to apple nursery stock
2.2.1 influence of the limit root treatment to apple nursery stock photosynthesis characteristics
Photosynthesis is laid a good foundation for growing for plant, is one of important function of plant transformation assimilation quotient,
The height of the good and bad and yield of plant quality is determined, current most of research to photosynthesis of plant is concentrated mainly on plant
The Net Photosynthetic Rate (Pn) of thing, stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2The Photosynthetic Indexes, Yi Jiying such as concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr)
Ring the internal and external factor of photosynthesis of plant.
As can be seen from Table 8, it is completely cured, transplants+be completely cured, the Net Photosynthetic Rate of transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root treatment, stomata is led
Degree, intercellular CO2Concentration, transpiration rate relatively compare show as substantially reducing, and limit root degree it is bigger, reduction it is more obvious；Transplant
Treatment Net Photosynthetic Rate is bigger than compareing, and stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2Concentration, transpiration rate is relatively compareed and substantially reduced.Cutting lateral root
WUEL with compare no significant difference, be completely cured, transplant, transplantings+non-woven fabrics limit root process WUEL compared with
Control is dramatically increased.Comprehensive analysis show that root-limiting cultivating makes annual apple nursery stock Net Photosynthetic Rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2
Concentration, transpiration rate reduce, WUEL increase, illustrate limit root treatment after annual seedling plant internal water operate and
Utilization power is more good.
Influence of the root-limiting cultivating of table 8 to annual plant Photosynthetic Index
Note：Mark writes the different lowercase letter indication difference level of signifiance (P after colleague's data<0.5).
Can be drawn by table 9, respectively process Net Photosynthetic Rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate is relatively compareed and substantially reduced；It is completely cured,
Intercellular CO between the limit root treatment of transplanting+non-woven fabrics2Concentration does not have notable difference, and relatively compareing substantially increases, and transplants, and transplants+is completely cured
Treatment intercellular CO2Concentration is relatively compareed and significantly reduced；It is completely cured, transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root treatment WUEL substantially increases, with
Unlike annual plant, transplant, transplanting+cutting lateral root WUEL is remarkably decreased.Illustrate the apple of different seedling ages
Plant responds difference after different limit roots treatment on WUEL, as why this species diversity being produced to need
Further research.
Influence of the root-limiting cultivating of table 9 to biennial plant Photosynthetic Index
Note：Mark writes the different lowercase letter indication difference level of signifiance (P after colleague's data<0.5).
2.2.2 influence of the limit root treatment to annual apple nursery stock Endogenous Hormone Contents in Vitro
CTK is mainly the material that the class produced in plant root promotes cytokinesis, is run on the ground by xylem
Portion, the basic element of cell division is more in bleeding sap.From fig. 6, it can be seen that June is plant starting period of lamina, the ZR in blade contains
Amount is higher than root system, transplants treatment blade ZR contents higher than control, and root system is but less than control；It is completely cured, transplant+be completely cured and transplant+
The ZR contents of non-woven fabrics limit root treatment blade and root system are substantially lower than control.
The main synthesising part of IAA is the tissue for having meristematic capacity, based in young shoot and leaf, each device in plant
All it is distributed in official, under root-limiting cultivating, the IAA contents in blade are significantly raised, and IAA contents are significantly reduced in root system.In addition, root
IAA contents are more notable compared with changing in blade in system, illustrate root-limiting cultivating on the content influence of root IAA more than upper leaf over the ground
The content influence of IAA in piece.
Although ABA is adverse circumstance hormone, but does not suppress the growth of plant crown, by be can be seen that in Fig. 6, in blade
ABA contents are higher than root system, transplant the relatively control of the ABA contents in the middle for the treatment of rear blade and root system and dramatically increase, and are completely cured, transplant+disconnected
ABA contents are relatively compareed and significantly reduced in root and transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root treatment rear blade and root system.
The effect of GA is chiefly to facilitate the elongation growth of plant, and internode elongation promotes the sprouting of bud, breaking dormancy and promotion
The GA contents in treatment blade are completely cured and are transplanted to flowering of plant etc., control higher than root system, transplants+be completely cured and transplant+non-woven fabrics limit
GA contents are more or less the same during root processes blade and root system, and all in all limiting root treatment reduces GA contents in plant, final performance
It is control>Transplant>It is completely cured>Transplant+be completely cured>Transplanting+non-woven fabrics limits root.
2.2.3 influence of the limit root treatment to annual apple nursery stock soluble sugar content
4 kinds of topmost soluble sugars are sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbierite in apple plants, and apple nursery stock is solvable
Property sugared content it is most be sorbierite, therefore maximum on Soluble adhesion molecule influence is also sorbierite, can by Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 D
To find out, the variation tendency of Soluble adhesion molecule is basically identical with sorbierite.Total Soluble Sugar in limit root treatment rear blade
Content totally in gradually increased trend, compare and be completely cured and be smaller in the amplitude of variation of the total Soluble Sugar in whole period, move
Plant, transplant+be completely cured and transplants+non-woven fabrics limit root Soluble adhesion molecule amplitude of variation it is larger, reach peak in July respectively.
The cane sugar content in the blade for the treatment of and control is can be seen that by Fig. 8 A increased trend after reduction is presented, May plants
When strain young sprout starts growth, being completely cured for root lesser extent is limited, the cane sugar content transplanted in blade is higher than compareing, and limit root degree is heavier
Transplanting+be completely cured, transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root cane sugar content is lower than control, illustrate appropriate to limit the sugarcane that root early stage can be in blade
Sugared content increases, and excessive limit root can then be reduced.The interim entire change in whole measurement that compares and be completely cured is L-shaped；Move
Plant, transplant+be completely cured entire change in " W " shape, peak occurs in cane sugar content in July；Transplanting+non-woven fabrics limits the cane sugar content of root
Keep gentle ascendant trend.Finally, limit root treatment increases the cane sugar content in blade.
The glucose content in limit root treatment rear blade is can be seen that by Fig. 9 B relatively equally reduced during May to impinge upon,
7, gap is larger during August, is completely cured during September, transplants, and transplanting+cutting lateral root glucose content relatively compares increase, transplanting+non-woven fabrics
Limit root treatment blade is minimum.
Soluble adhesion molecule and sorbitol content in the middle of root system can be seen that by Fig. 9 and Figure 10 D more consistent under first
The trend risen after drop, wherein compareing, the Soluble adhesion molecule dynamic change be completely cured and transplant+be completely cured is " V "-shaped, respectively
In June, there is minimum in May and April, transplant and transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root Soluble adhesion molecule dynamic change is in " W " word
Shape, rises again after small peak occurs in May.Simultaneously it can also be seen that each limit root treatment root system total Soluble Sugar is high in May
In control, final, limit root treatment is also to increase the soluble sugar content in the middle of root system, is embodied in and is completely cured>Transplant>Transplant
+ be completely cured>Transplanting+non-woven fabrics limits root>Control.
The cane sugar content that be can be seen that after limit root is processed in the middle of root system by Figure 10 A increases, and shows as transplanting+being completely cured>Transplant
+ non-woven fabrics limits root>It is completely cured>Transplant>Control, limit root treatment plant cane sugar content dynamic change fall before increase it is " U "-shaped,
Adjoining tree root system cane sugar content first increases and reduces afterwards in inverted " v ", is peaked in April, in final, each limit root treatment plant
The cane sugar content of root system is still above control, is embodied in and is completely cured>Transplanting+non-woven fabrics limits root>Transplant>Transplant+be completely cured>It is right
According to.Be can be seen that in March and July by Figure 10 B and 10C, limit root treatment increased glucose in the middle of annual plant root and
Fructose content.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in essence of the invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. it is a kind of improve apple nursery stock quality root-limiting cultivating method, it is characterised in that the limit of the raising apple nursery stock quality
Root cultural method builds four kinds of root-limiting cultivating methods that can change apple nursery stock quality：
(1) only it is completely cured, does not transplant, carry out side and be disposably completely cured, break taproot is using 30cm long at trunk week 15cm, wide
The spade of 20cm is completely cured；
(2) transplant, young plant is dug out from ground, extract all blade field planting, limit root degree is lighter；
(3) transplant+be completely cured, apple seedling main root is down retained into 10cm from root neck, remaining main root part is cut off with secateurs, so
After transplanted, lateral root retain；
(4) transplanting+non-woven fabrics limit root, that is, dig depth 40cm, the high yield ditch of 30cm wide, bottom and Liang Bi and spread non-woven fabrics, backfill
Field planting, non-woven fabrics specification is 150g/m2, and breadth is 1.6m.
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| CN109644801A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-19 | 福建省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A method of regeneration rice varieties are screened based on bleeding intensity attenuation rate |
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