A kind of cultural method of "Hami" melon-Forage Sorghum
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop-planting cultural method technical field, and in particular to a kind of cultivation of "Hami" melon-Forage Sorghum
Method.
Background technology
Xinjiang honey melon is well-known with the good reputation of the king in melon, not only sweet and delicious, and nutritious, is Xinjiang master
One of planting industry is wanted, considerable economic benefit is brought to locality, be Agriculture in Xinjiang and rural economic development and peasant shakes off poverty cause
One of pillar industry that richness is striven for a relatively comfortable life.Xinjiang is even more the famous high-efficiency agriculture precocity melon producing region in the whole nation, and Xinjiang in Recent Years is according to city
Field market change proposes the cultivation technique mode of " spring is done sth. in advance " to "Hami" melon cultivation, and development potentiality is huge.
Forage Sorghum is a kind of important Herbivores forage crop, is high energy, specular removal, C4Crop, highly yielding ability is dashed forward
Go out, yield stability is good, and Forage quality is excellent, it is obvious to the saline and alkaline improved effect of upper soll layer with obviously desalination.To me
Positive facilitation is played in the development of state's agricultural production, particularly " grain changes feeding " and " stalk type " Animal husbandry production, in China
It is very potential forage crop.
The current two batches of melon sequential cropping cultivations in Xinjiang honey melon main producing region are more, i.e., one batch "Hami" melon cultivates second batch again after harvesting
"Hami" melon.But consume fertile many in growth course due to "Hami" melon, substantial amounts of chemical fertilizer is application of in production, two batches of melon continuous croppings cause
Soil salt content and pH value are raised, and are gradually assembled to top layer, cause that soil layer is hardened, physics and chemistry deteriorates, and this both causes soil
Secondary salinization, have impact on absorption of the melon to nutrient again.And two batches of "Hami" melon continuous croppings cause serious pathogen accumulation, lead
Insect pest of causing a disease occurs frequently, and especially soil-borne disease constantly occurs, and in the trend for aggravating year by year, this has turned into current production
Chief threat.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at above-mentioned defect of the prior art, there is provided a kind of "Hami" melon-Forage Sorghum
Cultural method.Both using the remaining fertilizer in soil fertility, the season of growth, accumulated temperature resource and melon ground, improve the complicated utilization rate in soil;Again
Acted on using both mutual supplement with each other's advantages, combined well land used and improved soil are saline and alkaline, promotion "Hami" melon is high with forage grass
Fine strain of millet balanced increase production, reduces chemical fertilizer input, mitigates soil secondary salinization and preventing and treating soil-borne disease insect pest, promotes growth of agricultural efficiency and peasant
Increase income, promote the protection and construction of ecological environment, ensure ecological safety, be that social, economic sustainable development establishes solid
Basis.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme of present invention offer is:A kind of cultivation side of "Hami" melon-Forage Sorghum
Method, comprises the following steps:
1)Cultivation "Hami" melon:
a)Site preparation and basal dressing:
The sandy loam of medium above fertility is selected, plowed more than 30cm before year, beginning of spring trench digging applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and is scratched along melon patch contour
Ditch line, drains spacing 3.3m opens 1 row application ditch along melon ditch center line, and more than the cm of ditch depth 25 applies high-quality decomposed manure 30t/hm2,
Plus appropriate chemical fertilizer, fertilizer amount is the kg/hm of calcium superphosphate 3752, the kg/hm of composite fertilizer 7502, after fertilizer is applied in ditch, use
The rotary cultivator of wide cut 1.8-2.0m is mixed soil thoroughly with fertilizer, while leveling land, smashing big clod along melon ditch center line rotary tillage;
b)Drip irrigation zone and laying plastic are installed:
Drip irrigation zone and plastic film mulch are installed using film-laying machine, centered on dressing furrow center line, 2 drip irrigation pipes are at a distance of 30-35cm, ground
Film web 1.4 m wide;
c)Fruit variety:
From precocious, disease-resistant, high-quality, high yield, storage tolerance, commodity are good, adapt to the kinds of market demands;
d)Type of seeding:
24 h water are first dripped before broadcasting, is sowed after 24 h that cut off the water, cave program request is opened along drip irrigation zone, per 2~3, cave, hill spacing 40cm, sowing is deep
Degree 2cm;
e)Seedling is looked into reseed:
1 d~3 d looks into seedling in time after emerging, and carrying out more than 2 caves that are continuously short of seedling is filled the gaps with seedlings, and fills the gaps with seedlings and takes nursery to mend cultivation or vernalization
Reseed, reseed cave and stagger with sowing cave;
f)Between final singling:
Thinning when growing to 1~2 true leaf, two plants are stayed per cave, and final singling during 3~4 true leaves stays one plant per cave, is trained after a final singling
Soil, restrain the growth of seedlings 20 d~30 d;
g)Weeding:
Using artificial weeding 2~3 times;
h)Training:
Using single climing pruning method, 10~12 knots are climing to stay melon, and the sub climing and climing whole of 13~15 knots is destroyed before melon, prevents the climing mistake of leaf
Close, after melon is occupied stably, 10~12 knots are climing to select 1 melon, it is ensured that Dan Mandan melons;
i)Keep down the vines of a creeping plant:
Stretch it is climing after fully expanded to fruit before, on melon is climing at 0.3m~0.5m pressure one large clod prevent windburn, work of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant
Accomplish that the climing envelope behavior of melon stops;
j)Topdressing amount and method:
Stretch it is climing after to before blooming, apply the kg/hm of compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer 1502~225 kg/hm2, the kg/hm of potash fertilizer 752;
k)Irrigate:
Jointing stage, seat melon to fruit expanding period ensure adequate water supply, and maturity period control is watered less, and 2d~3d stops before harvesting
Water, the megathermal period avoids noon from watering;
l)Pad melon lid melon:
Determine to pave melon with melon pad after melon and covered melon with toilet paper, for reducing the rotten melon of breach and subterranean pest-insect brill moth danger
Evil;
m)Harvesting:
When melon grow close to or up this kind various features when, in good time pluck, the melon that need to be transported for long-distance ahead of time 3d~
5d is plucked, and gently to be adopted and put down gently, it is to avoid mechanical damage with 5cm melon handles long during harvesting, is prevented from being exposed to the sun after harvesting and is drenched with rain, and packaging is outer
Fortune;
2)Cultivation Forage Sorghum:
A)Site preparation:
Melon harvest after in time with clearing in melon it is climing, rotary tillage is leveled land;
B)Sowing, installation drip irrigation zone:
Mechanical drilling and the installation disposable operation in drip irrigation zone.Thickness of sowing:Line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, stay seedling number 16.67 ten thousand
Strain/hm2.Application rate:22.5~30kg/hm2;Depth of planting:4~5cm of sandy loam, 3~4cm of clay;Drip irrigation zone installation method:
Dropper band hollow billet is mounted in two row center lines, every 1 luggage, 1 dropper band, presses dropper band every 1m;
C)Thinning, hoe up weeds:
During 2~3 leaf of seedling, thinning, shallow hoe between direct motion abolishes hardened, soil moisture conservation of taking precautions against drought of loosening the soil, and removes weeds;
D)Final singling, intertillage:
Final singling, 8~10cm of deep hoe when seedling grows to 6~8 leaves;
E)Topdress:
Jointing fertilizer is combined with pouring water, urea 450kg/ hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 170kg/hm2;
F)Pour water:
Restraining the growth of seedlings is gravied with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles water, every 7 days 10 h that drip after 20 days;
G)Pest control:
Corn borer prevents and treats:The preventing and treating of lobus cardiacus phase is sprinkled into lobus cardiacus with 3% phoxim granule;0.1% lambda-cyhalothrin granule mixes 10 times
Fine slag is sprinkled into lobus cardiacus;Control of aphids:Imidacloprid, flolimat class medical treatment;
H)First batch of harvesting:
Cradled during 1.5~2m of plant height, 15~20cm of the height for the stubble left, be conducive to regeneration;
I)Stubble management afterwards:
At once urea 450kg/hm is applied after harvesting2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 170kg/hm2, water 900~1200m3/hm2, stubble life after rush
It is long, a water was poured every 10 days later, harvest in time, it is anti-to lodge to the wind.
Further, the cultural method of above-mentioned a kind of "Hami" melon-Forage Sorghum, the western state honey of "Hami" melon variety adoption
No. 17, western state honey 25 or golden phoenix;The Forage Sorghum variety adoption Ji grass 008, Ji grass 1, Ji grass 2, strong man or
Herd No. 1 in Shanxi.
Further, a kind of cultural method of above-mentioned "Hami" melon-Forage Sorghum, the Forage Sorghum yield is sorghum stalks
10 tons of stalk, "Hami" melon yield is 25 tons.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:The present invention had both utilized the remaining fertilizer in soil fertility, the season of growth, accumulated temperature resource and melon ground,
Improve the complicated utilization rate in soil;Again using both mutual supplement with each other's advantages effects, the saline and alkaline good knot of land used and improved soil
Altogether, promote "Hami" melon and forage grass sorghum balanced increase production, reduce chemical fertilizer input, mitigate soil secondary salinization and preventing and treating soil
Pass pest and disease damage, promote growth of agricultural efficiency and increasing peasant income, promote ecological environment protection and construction, ensure ecological safety, be society,
Solid foundation is established in economic sustainable development.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of cultural method of "Hami" melon-Forage Sorghum, specifically includes following steps:
1st, "Hami" melon cultivation technique
1.1 site preparations and basal dressing select the sandy loam of medium above fertility.Plow more than 30cm before year.Beginning of spring trench digging applies fertilizer to the subsoil,
The .3m of ditch line drains spacings 3 is scratched along melon patch contour.1 row application ditch is opened along melon ditch center line.More than the cm of ditch depth 25.Apply high-quality rotten
Ripe organic fertilizer 30t/hm2, appropriate chemical fertilizer is added, fertilizer amount is 375 kg of calcium superphosphate/hm2, the kg/ hm of composite fertilizer 7502。
After fertilizer is applied in ditch, using the rotary cultivator of wide cut 1.8-2.0m along melon ditch center line rotary tillage, soil is mixed thoroughly with fertilizer, while flat
Whole soil, smash big clod;
1.2 install drip irrigation zone and laying plastic
Film-laying machine installs drip irrigation zone and plastic film mulch.Centered on dressing furrow center line, 2 drip irrigation pipes are at a distance of 30-35 cm.Mulch film
The m of breadth 1.4;
1.3 Fruit varieties are from precocious, disease-resistant, high-quality, high yield, storage tolerance, commodity are good, adapt to the kinds of market demands;
1.4 types of seeding first drip 24 h water before broadcasting, and are sowed after 24 h that cut off the water, and cave program request is opened along drip irrigation zone, per 2~3, cave, cave
Away from 40cm, depth of planting 2cm;
1.5 look into seedling reseed emerge after 1 d~3 d look into seedling in time, to being continuously short of seedling more than 2 caves, it is necessary to fill the gaps with seedlings.Filling the gaps with seedlings to adopt
Take nursery mend plant, also can vernalization reseed, reseed cave with sow cave stagger;
Thinning during 1.6 final singlings, 1~2 true leaf, two plants are stayed per cave, and final singling during 3~4 true leaves stays one plant, a final singling per cave
After earth up, depending on soil moisture content restrain the growth of seedlings 20 d~30 d;
1.7 weedings are used based on artificial weeding, are typically needed 2~3 times;
Using single climing pruning method, 10~12 knots are climing to stay melon, destroys for 1.8 trainings, the sub climing and climing whole of 13~15 knots before melon
Destroy, prevent leaf climing overstocked, after melon is occupied stably, 10~12 knots are climing to select 1 melon, it is ensured that Dan Mandan melons;
1.9 keep down the vines of a creeping plant stretch it is climing after fully expanded to fruit before, pressed at 0.3m~0.5m on melon is climing one prevents compared with large clod
Windburn, work of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant stops to the climing envelope behavior of melon;
1.10 topdressing amounts and method stretch it is climing after to before blooming, apply the kg/hm of compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer 1502~225 kg/hm2, potassium
75 kg/hm of fertilizer2;
1.11 irrigate the jointing stage, sit melon to fruit expanding period guarantee adequate water supply, and maturity period control is watered less, before harvesting
2d~3d cuts off the water.Megathermal period avoids noon from watering;
1.12 pad melon lid melons determine after melon with melon pad by melon pave and melon is covered with toilet paper can reduce the rotten melon of breach and
Lower insect brill moth harm;
1.13 harvesting when melon grow close to or up this kind various features when, in good time pluck, the melon that need to be transported for long-distance
3d~5d can suitably be done sth. in advance to pluck.Gently to be adopted and put down gently, it is to avoid mechanical damage with 5cm or so melon handles long during harvesting.Prevented after harvesting
It is exposed to the sun and drenches with rain, as early as possible packaging outward transport;
1.14 prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are puted prevention first, integrated control, preferentially using cultural control, physical control, biological control, are coordinated
Scientifically and rationally use chemical prevention.During using chemical control, the regulation of GB4285 and GB/T 8321 should be performed.And according to disease
The pests occurrence rule of insect pest, selects suitable pesticide variety, control approach, efficient pesticide application technology, is prevented and treated.Understand simultaneously
Toxicity of pesticide, using selective pesticide, is reduced to people, animal, the murder by poisoning of natural enemy and the pollution to agricultural product and environment.
2nd, sorghum cultivation technique
2.1 site preparations:
Melon harvest after in time with clearing in melon it is climing, rotary tillage is leveled land;
2.2 sowings, installation drip irrigation zone:
Mechanical drilling and the installation disposable operation in drip irrigation zone.Thickness of sowing:Line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, stay seedling number 16.67 ten thousand
Strain/hm2.Application rate:22.5~30kg/hm2.Depth of planting:4~5cm of sandy loam, 3~4cm of clay.Drip irrigation zone installation method:
Dropper band hollow billet is mounted in two row center lines, every 1 luggage, 1 dropper band, presses dropper band every 1m.
2.3 thinnings, hoe up weeds:
During 2~3 leaf of seedling, thinning, shallow hoe between direct motion abolishes hardened, soil moisture conservation of taking precautions against drought of loosening the soil, and removes weeds;
2.4 final singlings, intertillage:
Final singling, 8~10cm of deep hoe when seedling grows to 6~8 leaves;
2.5 topdress:
Jointing fertilizer is combined with pouring water, urea 450kg/ hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 170kg/hm2;
2.6 pour water:
Restraining the growth of seedlings is gravied with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles water, every 7 days 10 h that drip after 20 days;
2.7 pest controls:
Corn borer prevents and treats:The preventing and treating of lobus cardiacus phase is sprinkled into lobus cardiacus with 3% phoxim granule;0.1% lambda-cyhalothrin granule mixes 10 times
Fine slag is sprinkled into lobus cardiacus;Control of aphids:Imidacloprid, flolimat class medical treatment;
2.8 first batches of harvestings:
Cradled during 1.5~2m of plant height, 15~20cm of the height for the stubble left, be conducive to regeneration;
Stubble management after 2.9:
At once urea 450kg/hm is applied after harvesting2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 170kg/hm2, water 900~1200m3/hm2, stubble life after rush
It is long, a water was poured every 10 days later, harvest in time, it is anti-to lodge to the wind.
Finally it should be noted that:The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although being described in detail to the present invention with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for a person skilled in the art, it still may be used
Modified with to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
All any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made etc., should be included in of the invention
Within protection domain.