CN106900194B - A kind of soil improvement method - Google Patents
A kind of soil improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106900194B CN106900194B CN201710060411.3A CN201710060411A CN106900194B CN 106900194 B CN106900194 B CN 106900194B CN 201710060411 A CN201710060411 A CN 201710060411A CN 106900194 B CN106900194 B CN 106900194B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/02—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of soil improvement method, this method includes scraping off the topsoil of orchard surface soil 1-10cm thickness, which is mixed with soil conditioner, then tiles and is returned in the earth's surface of orchard again.This method can effectively improve the fertilizer efficiency of lean soil, and can continue to improve the pH value of acidified soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of land improvement, and in particular to a method of soil is improved using charcoal, especially
It is the method using charcoal improvement soil fertility and pH value.
Background technique
With the raising of Agricultural Mechanization Degree, traditional organic fertilizer is gradually substituted by agrochemical, leads to soil
Fertility is gradually reduced.The balance of soil nutrient how is maintained, soil texture and physicochemical property are improved, increases soil fertility, is improved
Crop yield has received widespread attention.With the extension of continuous cropping time, orchard soil acidification is constantly serious, and orchard is caused to produce
Power declines year by year, disease takes place frequently, fruit quality declines.Therefore, how to improve soil environment, culture fertility is to guarantee that apple is high
It produces, high-quality, sustainable development key point.
Charcoal is applied in soil, the physicochemical property of soil can be improved to a certain extent.Containing charcoal
After applying fertilizer in soil, charcoal can adsorb a part of nutrient fertilizer, increase soil to the exchange capacity of absorption of nutrient fertilizer, from
And delay the release of fertilizer nutrient, the leaching loss loss of soil nutrient is reduced, the utilization rate of nutrient fertilizer is increased, mitigates fertilizer to water
The pollution of domain environment.Soil water holding capacity, increase soil aperture, the reduction soil weight can be effectively improved after applying charcoal simultaneously
Degree etc., and then increase soil fertility, increase crop yield.For charcoal to the mechanism of improvement of soil, the adaptability of soil fits charcoal, rationally sharp
With to the crop yields such as grain are improved, the crisis in food that solution current social is faced is had practical significance.
CN105075444A discloses a kind of soil improvement method, realizes that the soil in soil to be improved changes by two years
It is good, in First Year, by soil to be improved without crop-planting, but still carry out include rotary tillage, fertilising, irrigation cultivation arrange
It applies；During rotary tillage, natural soil conditioner is used；During fertilising, application of organic fertilizers；It, will be to be improved in second year
Soil green manuring crop, and application of organic fertilizers.
CN102823355B discloses a kind of soil improvement method, and it is laggard to include the following steps: that a. crushes organic materials
Row compost fermentation is decomposed, obtains decomposed organic fertilizer；B. decomposed organic fertilizer is sufficiently mixed with phosphate fertilizer, is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in smooth mistake
Earth's surface, and plough under soil, wherein decomposed Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 800-1500kg/ mu, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are 50-100kg/ mus.
CN104641753A discloses soil improver and soil improvement method, and soil improver includes rack, is set to
Topsoil process assembly and deep soil processing component in rack, topsoil process assembly include topsoil cutter assembly, surface layer
Native elevator and topsoil conveyer, topsoil conveyer convey soil backward；Deep soil processing component includes that deep soil is cut
Component, deep soil elevator and deep soil conveyer are cut, deep soil conveyer conveys soil backward；It is set to the position in rack
Deep soil spreading plate in deep soil cutter assembly rear；The topsoil positioned at deep soil spreading plate rear being set in rack
Spreading plate；The distance between deep soil cutter assembly bottom and earth's surface be greater than between topsoil cutter assembly bottom and earth's surface away from
From the distance between topsoil spreading plate bottom and ground end are greater than the distance between deep soil spreading plate and ground end.The present invention will
Topsoil and deep soil are successively dug out, and topsoil is buried, and deep soil is embedded on topsoil, achieve the purpose that soil changes layer.
CN103718689A discloses a kind of tobacco field soil improvement method, and main includes taking deep ploughing Subsoiling, is spaced
Crop rotation plantation, straw-returning irrigate improvement, and Rational Application fertilizer carries out conservation tillage, and adjusting soil acidity or alkalinity etc. is suitble to roasting
Cigarette grows measure, mixes good tobacco growth soil, achievees the purpose that improve quality of tobacco and benefit.
CN 106116934A discloses a kind of method for improveing acid soil, the described method comprises the following steps: step 1:
Biomass carbon, preparation fine grain mushroom slag are prepared using forest and agricultural biomass；Step 2: by the biomass carbon prepared, mushroom slag with
Acid soil is sufficiently mixed uniformly, obtains soil mixture；Step 3: soil mixture is subjected to biochemical culture.
CN103828507A discloses a kind of method improved by deicing salt contaminated soil, and this method includes by mushroom bran and sea
Afrodite is laid on after mixing by deicing salt contaminated soil surface.The gas permeability of soil after being improved using the method for the present invention is good
It is strong with moisture holding capacity, enhance soil fertility, adjusts soluble salt composition.The growth for improveing modified soil suitable for plant, to green
Good facilitation is played in the growth of color plant.
CN104789226A discloses a kind of charcoal base microbe soil conditioner, it is consisted of the following components: 80~
85 parts by weight charcoals, 10~13 parts by weight complex microbial communities and 1~2 parts by weight oxidized starch adhesive, composite microbial
Strain includes: photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis in object flora.
" soil local improving combines influence of the short anvil intensive culture to old apple orchard more new effects ", beam blog article etc., China
Gardening meeting Annual Conference thesis summary set in 2014,2014, passes through soil local improving combination inter-row green covering, high spindle
The management measures such as pruning inquire into it to apple orchard soil pH value, soil nutrient status, Growth status development and fruit after improvement
The influence of real quality, and the variation of improvement front and back soil microbial community composition, update aged apple orchard and rebuild and overcome
Continuous cropping obstacle has important directive significance.
However, in the above prior art, being usually free of the consistency problem for recognizing charcoal and soil, and lead to
Often do not have the effect for improving soil pH value concurrently.This field needs one kind that can have and the excellent compatibility of soil, fixed nitrogen getting fat
Efficiency power is strong and can improve the soil improvement method of soil pH value.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present inventor wants by further investigation and many experiments, the improvement for sufficiently having studied soil
The performance of summation charcoal, the especially characteristic of the worsening reason of continuous cropping apple orchard soil and straw charcoal, propose following technology
Scheme.
In one aspect of the invention, a kind of soil improvement method is provided, this method comprises: by orchard surface soil 1-
10cm is thick, and the topsoil of preferably 3-8cm thickness scrapes off, which is mixed with soil conditioner, then tiles and returns to again
In the earth's surface of orchard.
Preferably, the old orchard that the orchard is continuous cropping 10 years or more.It is highly preferred that the orchard is continuous cropping 20 years or more
Old orchard.
Further, the total weight based on topsoil and soil conditioner, the content of soil conditioner are 0.5-
3.0%, preferably 1.0-2.0%.
For method of the invention, it is preferable that applied every 5 days water 1 time, applying water is field capacity, continues 30 days.
Preferably, the soil conditioner includes charcoal, and charcoal is the charcoal derived from stalk.
Preferably, the soil conditioner includes compatilizer.
The soil conditioner further preferably includes calcium magnesium phosphate.
Preferably, the ratio of the calcium magnesium phosphate and charcoal is 1:5-1:100.
The orchard can be apple orchard.
It is particularly preferred that the soil conditioner includes charcoal and compatilizer, the wherein weight of charcoal and compatilizer
Than for 200:1-50:1, the compatilizer is lower formula (I) compound represented:
Preferably, the charcoal is the charcoal derived from stalk, it is highly preferred that the charcoal is derived from cotton
The charcoal of stalk.
The compatilizer contains strong adsorptivity group hydroxy, and contains ammonium ion, can be by Hyarogen-bonding and just
Negative electrical charge active force it is strong be adsorbed in the surface of clay surface and charcoal, so that the combination both enhanced, improves soil and changes
Good effect.In addition, it has also been found that, which also has special adsorption through research, which can enter between soil clay crystal layer,
Occur intercalation absorption, and due to its contain can with bentonite surface formed hydrogen bond and Van der Waals force cation and hydroxyl base
Group, therefore the hydrone between bentonite crystal layer can be exhausted, effectively inhibit the lattice dilatation of improvement soil.
The compatilizer can easily be synthesized by following method: it measures triethanolamine and is added in reaction vessel,
50-80 DEG C of required temperature is risen to after logical nitrogen, bromopropene is then added and keeps being condensed back reaction 1-6 hours, by reaction system
It is cooled to room temperature, white powder, vacuum is recrystallized to obtain using ethyl acetate and dehydrated alcohol mixed solvent (1:3-3:1 volume ratio)
Drying is to get compatilizer finished product.
Nitrogen-atoms can also be chelated with the polluted heavy metals ion in soil in the compatilizer, thus by heavy metal
Ion is fixed, it is avoided to migrate into crop.
Preferably, the soil conditioner also includes calcium magnesium phosphate.The ratio of the calcium magnesium phosphate and charcoal is 1:5-
1:100.Available phosphorus content (the P of the calcium magnesium phosphate2O5) it is preferably greater than 16.0%.
In the present invention, charcoal can also play synergistic effect to calcium magnesium phosphate, and calcium magnesium phosphate can be promoted water-soluble
The release of phosphorus improves its Phosphorus supply capacity, more preferably meets absorption of the crop to phosphorus.
The charcoal is preferably the charcoal for being derived from cotton stalk.The charcoal can be made by the following method,
Method includes the following steps: cotton stalk is cut into a section material by (1), the average length of section material is 0.5cm-2cm, preferably 0.5-
1.0cm, most preferably 0.8cm；(2) cotton stalk section material is immersed in NH4In Cl solution, 1-5h is impregnated at 50-80 DEG C；(3)
The soaking cotton stalk section material of step (2) is taken out, is drained；(4) the cotton stalk section material after draining is placed in container,
It is passed through the vapor (also making water vapour) that temperature is 150-400 DEG C, heats 2-6h；(5) it then cools to room temperature, uses hydrochloric acid solution
Sufficiently washing carbonizing production, then be washed with distilled water, the pH until washing solution is 6-7, is then dried to get charcoal.
Preferably, the vapor is not oxygenous.
The vapor is preferably contained in the nitrogen of vapor stereometer 10-50v%.
In the method for the invention, the NH4Cl solution is aqueous solution, concentration 0.1-0.5mol/L.
Preferably, the temperature of the vapor is 350 DEG C.
The cotton stalk and NH4The mass ratio of Cl solution is preferably 1:2-1:5.
It optionally and preferably, further include being pre-processed to cotton stalk before step (1), which includes
Remove the cotton leaf and levant cotton exocarp on cotton stalk.
The container can be charing container.The charing container is preferably tube furnace or tunnel type heating container.
It is particularly preferred that the vapor in step (4) contains the NH of the 5-10v% based on vapor volume3。
Charcoal made from the method for the present invention with frequently with destructive distillation (thermal decomposition) or using inert gas for example nitrogen work
For carrier gas decomposed made from charcoal compare, due to high-temperature vapor have high osmosis, carbonization temperature is relatively low and the time is short,
High-temperature vapor uses the charcoal for making preparation to have pore structure abundant, and compared with art methods, can
Retain and obtain the organic matter of higher amount, to make biomass carbon fertilizer efficiency with higher when being used as soil improvement ingredient.
Cotton stalk pyrolysis charring refers to is pyrolyzed cotton stalk under the conditions of certain temperature, by carbonization condition
Control, make to decompose after the larger molecular organics inside raw material are heated, ultimately generate solid product charcoal and/or other high attached
Value-added product.The charcoal that cotton stalk is obtained through anaerobic high temperature pyrolysis has the biochemistry antidecomposition of height, and direct
Returning to the field compares the stability that can significantly promote carbon base in soil.Therefore cotton stalk charing is considered as a kind of important CO2
Emission reduction and the approach for increasing extra earning.
By the method for the invention, additionally it is possible to obtain higher that Carbon yield, the yield of the charcoal of the method for the present invention are 50-
70%, preferably 60%.In contrast, in employing nitrogen as the method thermally decomposed for carrier gas, Carbon yield or
Obtaining charcoal rate is about 40%.
In existing general charcoal preparation, zinc chloride is added as chemical activating agent.However, the inventors discovered that,
Existing charcoal is substantially makes for the preparation of absorption active carbon, if biomass carbon made from this method used
, then can be to undesirable zinc ion be introduced in soil in soil improvement or reparation, zinc ion can enter in planted crop, into
And harm is brought to human body.For this purpose, the present inventor is after study, using NH4Cl compares zinc chloride as activator, activation effect
It is slightly lower, but harm will not be brought to soil, and remaining ammonium can also bring the nitrogen of fertility synergy to soil.Using
NH4Cl is as activator in the prior art there is not yet report.
For the present invention, compared with the charing of simple vapor, the presence of nitrogen can be improved the calorific value of charing medium, mention
High heating efficiency can also save the dosage of steam to improving charing efficiency, can be in addition, by the addition of nitrogen
Partial vapour pressure needed for adjusting, keeps technological operation more flexible.
The present inventor also found through research, if crushed cotton stalk to carry out charcoal according to conventional practices
Change, will affect its cellulose texture, and then will affect the form and structure of charcoal obtained in carbonization process.For soil
The charcoal of improvement and the active carbon for being used for other purposes such as adsorbent have different requirements, research hair in property and form
Completely, as being not thorough, the possible effect of carbonizing production is more preferable, in this feelings for the undesirable charing of the current charcoal in soil improvement
Can either deliver under condition charcoal porosity a little, and the biological nutrient that can retain biomass for example not exclusively carbonizes
Organic matter such as cellulose etc..If being crushed and then being carbonized cotton stalk, easily make the complete charcoal of cotton stalk
Change, and increases process energy consumption and cost.When being carbonized using method of the invention using section shape cotton stalk, from straw
The center of stalk is to outside, and gradually more sufficiently, i.e., outer layer charcoal protects internal incomplete carbonizing production for charing, can be by charcoal and biology
The advantages of nutritional ingredient, sufficiently combines.Even if obtained product is crushed, it can also retain enough ASI systematic approach.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that effectively can not impregnate and carbonize if not doing truncation, carry out very hemp to process bands
It is tired.Studies have shown that the average length of section material is the most advantageous when being 0.5cm-2cm, preferably 0.5-1.0cm, it is higher or lower than the model
It encloses and is all difficult to obtain ideal activation or charred effect.
The carbonizing production obtained according to the method for the present invention it can be seen from the sem analysis of charcoal remains certain fibre
Tie up plain form.In addition, can be seen that charcoal obtained with high surface area from its irregular and matte finish.It is carbonizing
In the process, the evaporation of ammonium chloride leaves abundant hole in charcoal.
Since charcoal of the invention is rich in organic carbon, soil organic carbon can be increased, after being manured into soil, it can be made
It keeps stablizing and being not easy to be decomposed by the microorganisms in a short time for a long time, organic carbon can be preserved largely, and can be reduced
The nitrogen nutrition as consumed by the mineralization of carbon, thus compared with straw-returning and application hog manure and common carbonization product energy
Enough significantly improve soil organic matter and total nitrogen content.
In the step (4), pressure is preferably 0.1-0.5MPa.
For the present invention, it is described drain in this field to drain meaning essentially identical, refer to drip except most of water, no
Influence subsequent operation.
In a preferred embodiment, the BET specific surface area (S of charcoal of the inventionBET) it is 200-1800m2/ g,
Preferably 1400-1800m2/g。
It is highly preferred that biological carbon surface of the invention is rich in oxygen-containing functional group.It can be dramatically increased rich in oxygen-containing functional group
The adsorption capacity and exchange activity of charcoal promote the slow release of nutriment to increase Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils, drop
Low nutrient elution, improves plant recovery of nutrient.
The study found that when introducing NH in vapor3When, pass through the carbonyl or hydroxyl with biological carbon surface at high temperature
Reaction, can generate nitrogen-containing functional group in active carbon, so that charcoal obtained be enable to provide good nitrogen member to soil
Element.Reaction process can be as shown in following equation:
-OH+NH3→-NH2+H2O
In this way, the nitrogen content of charcoal obtained can be made than not introducing NH in vapor3When high 15-30%.
Apple orchard soil is in highly acid, and mean ph value is usually 4.5-5.5, some many years continuous croppings orchard such as Shandong Qixia
Certain orchard soils are in extremely strong acidity, and pH value is even lower than 4.5, and has downward trend year by year.Orchard soil acidification aggravation,
Lead to that orchard productivity declines year by year, disease takes place frequently, taste of fruit and quality decline.In charcoal preparation of the invention, lead to
It crosses and introduces NH in vapor3, make biomass carbon in stronger alkalinity, and the alkalinity has slow releasing function, that is, has long-term
Sustainability, so that being very beneficial for the pH value in highly acid orchard improves.
Specific embodiment
As understood by those skilled in the art, the specific surface area of charcoal can be measured according to standard BET method, nutrient measurement
Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry conventional method can be used.Soil pH value is according to soil: water=1:3.0, the measurement of combination electrode method, Exchange alkalinity
It is eluted with 1.0mol/L Klorvess Liquid, is measured using alkali titration.
Embodiment 1
Cotton stalk is derived from Shanghe County, Jinan City, and the ripe cotton stalk after taking current year cotton to harvest removes defoliation, shell, nothing
Side shoot need to be removed, it is shady and cool stand-by to deposit in test chamber ventilated.Cotton stalk is cut into a section material, section material average length is 0.8cm, will
The cotton stalk of truncation is immersed in NH4In Cl solution, 3h is impregnated at 60 DEG C, and soaking cotton stalk is then taken out into drip
It is dry, the cotton stalk after draining is placed in tube heater (from Gongyi City Li Hua Mechanology Inc.), being passed through temperature is 350 DEG C
Vapor, pressure 0.3MPa heats 5h, then cools to room temperature, takes out, with the abundant washed product of 35% hydrochloric acid solution,
It is washed with distilled water again, then the pH until washing solution is dried between 6-7 to get charcoal.By the charcoal and formula
(I) compatilizer shown in is uniformly mixed with the weight ratio of 150:1, and soil conditioner is made.
Embodiment 2
The topsoil 10kg of 17 years apple garden earth's surface 5cm thickness of a piece of continuous cropping of Shandong Province's Mengyin is taken to cross air-drying for 2mm sieve
The soil conditioner that soil and 200g embodiment 1 obtain tiles back original place again after mixing.Select growing way it is similar, by base fertilizer nutrition
2 tip 10-20 piece leaf dwarfing stock apple seedlings (coming from Baoji Hua Shengguo industry Co., Ltd) plantation after 7 days precultures of liquid is in bucket
In, every barrel is colonized 1 plant, carries out daily management, and cultivation cycle is 12 months, and base fertilizer is 100g urea+200g calcium superphosphate+50g
Potassium sulfate.The pH value of the topsoil is that the pH value of topsoil after cultivating for 4.1,45 days is the knot of culture in 4.75,60 days
It is 5.10 that the pH value of topsoil, which is the pH value of topsoil after cultivating for 5.01,90 days, after beam.
Comparative example 1
The operation of embodiment 2 is repeated, difference, which is only that in soil conditioner, does not include compatilizer shown in formula (I).Topsoil
The pH value of earth is the pH value that the pH value of topsoil after cultivating for 4.1,45 days is topsoil after cultivating for 4.45,60 days
The pH value for being topsoil after cultivating for 4.51,90 days is 4.55.
When final harvest, the whole growing way of dwarfing stock apple seedling shows themselves in that the apple seedling in charcoal added with compatilizer is whole
Body is better than the corresponding situation that compatilizer is not added, and plant is averagely higher by 40%.In addition, when being added without compatilizer, charcoal
Isolated with soil, especially after watering, isolation situation it is more serious, so as to cause the two can not effective integration, cause soil
The pH of earth, which is unable to get, to be effectively improved, and the unbalanced nutrition of plant receiving is also additionally resulted in, and upgrowth situation is poor.Compatilizer is added
When, soil and charcoal compatibility are good, so that the pH value effect of charcoal can obtain continuous and effective release.
This written description discloses the present invention, including optimal mode using example, and also enables those skilled in the art
The manufacture and use present invention.It is of the invention can patentable scope limited by its appended claims, and may include
Other examples that those skilled in the art expect.If this other examples have not different from the literal language of claims
Structural element, or if this other examples include the equivalent structure with the literal language of claims without substantial differences
Element, then this other examples are intended within the scope of claims.In the case where not will cause inconsistent degree, pass through
It is incorporated herein with reference to by all references referred to herein place.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of soil improvement method, this method comprises: the topsoil of orchard surface soil 1-10cm thickness is scraped off, by the table
Layer soil is mixed with soil conditioner, is then tiled and is returned in the earth's surface of orchard again；
The soil conditioner includes charcoal and compatilizer, and wherein the weight ratio of charcoal and compatilizer is 200:1-50:1,
The compatilizer is lower formula (I) compound represented:
The charcoal is the charcoal derived from stalk, which is made by the following method, and this method includes following step
It is rapid: (1) cotton stalk to be cut into a section material, the average length of section material is 0.5cm-2cm；(2) cotton stalk section material is immersed in
NH4In Cl solution, 1-5h is impregnated at 50-80 DEG C；(3) the soaking cotton stalk section material of step (2) is taken out, is drained；
(4) the cotton stalk section material after draining is placed in container, is passed through the vapor that temperature is 150-400 DEG C, heats 2-6h；(5)
It then cools to room temperature, sufficiently washs carbonizing production with hydrochloric acid solution, then be washed with distilled water, until the pH of washing solution is 6-
7, it then dries to get charcoal.
2. the method according to claim 1, the old orchard that the orchard is continuous cropping 10 years or more.
3. method according to claim 2, the old orchard that the orchard is continuous cropping 20 years or more.
4. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total weight based on topsoil and soil conditioner, soil
The content of modifying agent is 0.5-3.0%.
5. method according to claim 1 or 2 was applied water 1 time every 5 days, applying water is field capacity, continues 30 days.
6. method according to claim 1 or 2, the soil conditioner includes charcoal, and charcoal is derived from stalk
Charcoal.
7. method according to claim 1 or 2, the soil conditioner also includes calcium magnesium phosphate.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, the ratio of the calcium magnesium phosphate and charcoal is 1:5-1:100.
9. method according to claim 1 or 2, the orchard is apple orchard.
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| CN110663504A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-01-10 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Urban garden soil improvement method |
| CN112167006A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-05 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | Method for changing facility agriculture organic waste into culture medium by using superheated steam |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102671931A (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2012-09-19 | 青岛贝尔卡环境生物工程有限公司 | Method for improving north acidified soil by utilizing biochar |
| CN103444294A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2013-12-18 | 武汉市农业科学研究所 | Acid soil improvement method |
| RU2562842C2 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-09-10 | Станислав Николаевич Хабаров | Method of tillage between rows of garden |
| CN106034459A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-26 | 上海博大园林建设发展有限公司 | Songnen plain saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement method |
| CN106116935A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-16 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | The method of improvement dry land acidic soil |
| CN106929027A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-07-07 | 北京凯风泰智能技术研究有限公司 | A kind of soil improvement method |
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2017
- 2017-01-25 CN CN201710060411.3A patent/CN106900194B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102671931A (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2012-09-19 | 青岛贝尔卡环境生物工程有限公司 | Method for improving north acidified soil by utilizing biochar |
| CN103444294A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2013-12-18 | 武汉市农业科学研究所 | Acid soil improvement method |
| RU2562842C2 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-09-10 | Станислав Николаевич Хабаров | Method of tillage between rows of garden |
| CN106116935A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-16 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | The method of improvement dry land acidic soil |
| CN106034459A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-26 | 上海博大园林建设发展有限公司 | Songnen plain saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement method |
| CN106929027A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-07-07 | 北京凯风泰智能技术研究有限公司 | A kind of soil improvement method |
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