CN106866714A - 一种三芳基硼烷的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种三芳基硼烷的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/027—Organoboranes and organoborohydrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/14—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
- B01J31/146—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron of boron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/322—Hydrocyanation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种三芳基硼烷的制备方法,包括合成反应与后处理步骤,所述的合成反应所用反应原料为碱金属、有机卤、硼酸酯,在惰性溶剂中完成所述的合成反应;用量摩尔配比为:硼酸酯∶碱金属∶有机卤的摩尔比范围是1∶6~6.6∶3~3.4。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机化合物的制备方法,具体是一种三芳基硼烷的制备方法。
背景技术
三芳基硼烷是一种化工原料,可以作为3-戊烯腈氢氰化反应的催化剂助剂可以提高产物1,4二氰基丁烷的收率。其他相关应用如核污染处理、医药原料、海洋防污涂料等有见研究。
King等人的美国专利3,798,256公开了采用镍配合物作催化剂和采用有机硼化合物作助催化剂,产生己二腈的3-戊烯腈氢氰化反应。这种氢氰化反应产生的催化剂残渣主要为Ni(NCR)2(NCBAr3)2,下文称作NCBC。Shook的美国专利4,082,811公开了采用氢氧化铵处理这种残渣以沉淀三芳基硼烷胺加成物的方法。
美国专利US4045495、US4046815、US4134923分别给出了三芳基硼烷的制备方法及流程,用碱金属、硼酸酯、卤苯在惰性溶剂中中反应,然后室温加水生成三芳基硼烷的钠盐后酸化分离,为了反应顺利,该反应对原料碱金属颗粒的分散性要求苛刻,易于积聚,且产品纯度低、易分解,不易储藏。
发明内容
本发明目的是开发一种性能稳定适用三芳基硼烷制备方法。经研究发现,原有的中和方法存在问题:采用液体酸、强酸中和反应中间体三芳基硼烷钠过程中,虽然控制反应进行到pH略大于7,但是考虑到扩散传质的速度,酸液滴到碱液瞬间过程中,虽然反应累计加入酸并不过量,但微小的液滴内局部反应开始时仍是酸性,产生较多二苯基硼酸,导致了产品品质的下降,本发明改进了中和方法,采用气体弱酸、弱酸酸式盐、甚至碱性的弱酸酸式盐来中和三芳基硼烷钠加和物,有效控制过度中和反应,保证产品质量。
本发明旨在提供一种制备、分离三芳基硼烷的方法,制备成固体品,或者根据用途需要,用3-戊烯腈(以下称3PN)作为溶剂,直接制备成3PN的三芳基硼烷溶液,经过工程上常用的脱水方法,如吸附、蒸馏,然后用酸性气体酸化,分离出副产盐分,可以直接补加到戊烯腈氢氰化的工艺中。当然,也可以采用工程上常用的方法制得三芳苯基硼烷的结晶固体产品。用气体弱酸、或者酸式盐中和,容易控制pH,可以防止过度中和,提高收率。
本发明是一种制备、分离三芳基硼烷的方法。所用原料为碱金属粉末、卤苯、硼酸酯、惰性溶剂,工艺过程包含制备过程和分离过程。制备过程是用三种原料在惰性溶剂中反应,然后加水处理,反应液加水后分为2层,油相和水相,把水相分出,水相中含生成的三芳基硼烷的碱金属复合物,后续的回收有几种处理方法。
用蒸馏方法除去副产物醇,得到的含三芳基硼烷碱金属复合物的无醇的水相加酸中和,三芳基硼烷析出。过滤洗涤后得到产品。用蒸馏方法除去水相的醇,得到的含三芳基硼烷碱金属复合物的基本无醇水相,然后加入3-戊烯腈混合,用弱酸性气体中和,产品萃取作用进入有机相,得到戊烯腈的三芳基硼烷溶液,在除水干燥或不除水干燥后直接方便的用于戊烯腈的氢氰化,如果需要干燥萃取液,可以采用工程上常用的方法。不蒸馏分离醇,而是萃取处理,用有机溶剂萃取水相中的副产物醇,然后中和,得到三芳基硼烷的溶液,再过滤得到三芳基硼烷产品。
具体技术方案为:一种制备三苯基硼烷的方法,包括合成反应与后处理步骤,所述的合成反应所用反应原料为碱金属、有机卤、硼酸酯,在惰性溶剂中完成所述的合成反应;用量摩尔配比为:硼酸酯∶碱金属∶有机卤的摩尔比范围是1∶6~6.6∶3~3.4。所述的有机卤选择为卤苯。
优选,所述的合成反应的反应温度为50~150℃,反应时间优选0.5~24h,反应压力为常压或正压。
优选,所述的合成反应排除水、氧影响,且在匀速搅拌下进行。
优选,所述的后处理步骤包括:降至室温、加水处理、分离副产醇、中和并分离、干燥得到产品。
优选,所述加水处理为:用水量是反应液体积的1/4倍以上,加水方式一次加入或分多次加入,加水后分相,上相为油相,下相是含三芳基硼烷碱金属复合物的水相。
优选,所述分离副产醇为:萃取或蒸馏或精馏出水相中醇,萃取采用不溶于水的有机溶剂,蒸馏/精馏压力是常压或减压或加压。
优选,所述中和并分离为:中和采用气体弱酸或弱酸酸式盐。
优选,所述三苯基硼烷的形态是白色或浅黄色结晶或粉末。
A、反应
本发明中,碱金属是指Na、K、Rb等,优选Na。颗粒直径小于100um,优选<6um。如果颗粒大,则需要相应的提高制备反应温度,使得碱金属融化并搅拌成小液滴促进传质以及反应的进行。
本发明中,所述的惰性溶剂是指与反应物不发生反应的,且沸点高于反应温度的液体均可,如饱和单环芳烃、苯、甲苯;如碳原子数>6的烷烃、环烷烃及其衍生物;如单腈类如乙腈、丙腈等;如二腈类丙二腈、丁二腈等。反应溶剂不是芳烃时,其中可以加入少许苯,加速反应。
本发明中,原料硼酸酯是指形式如B-(OR)3的化合物,其中R为1~11C的烷基;如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、叔丁基、辛烷基等,其中分子中三个R基团可以相同或不同,优选具有3~8碳原子的仲烷基,因为根据研究,对收率有利。
本发明中,有机卤苯是指溴苯、氯苯、氟苯。
本发明工艺中,反应对水、氧敏感,所以强调反应体系中无水无氧。
本发明中,反应温度范围是室温50~150℃,但是为了经济价值考虑,适宜的温度为50~100℃,温度更优选在能够高于所用的碱金属的熔点,如用钾反应,则应高于熔点63.25℃,如用Na则反应温度高于97.8℃。
反应的压力没有特别的要求,常压也可,正压也可。
反应需要搅拌,机械搅拌或者磁力搅拌均可,只要能达到充分传质的要求即可。
反应时间一般是0.05h~1天,优选0.2h~10h,更优选1.5h~5h。
用量配比:硼酸酯∶碱金属∶有机卤摩尔比范围是1∶6~6.6∶3~3.4
B、分离
①加水处理:温度降至室温的反应液首先加水,使得生成三芳基硼烷的碱金属盐,以及醇类副产物,加水量一般为反应液体积的1/3~1倍。此过程可以搅拌也可不搅拌。加水后的反应液分层,上层是油层。
②蒸馏分离出下层水相后,对水相进行60~110℃蒸馏,分离出副产物醇,当然,分离出醇的过程中,可能连水液一同蒸出去了,剩下固体,可以再补充些水至蒸馏前原体积制成水溶液B1。
③中和
对于上述得到溶液B1可用液体酸或者酸性气体进行加酸中和至pH6~8.优选pH7~8。更优选pH7~7.5中和酸优选弱酸性气体,如CO2,SO2,NaHCO3,NH4HCO3,NaHSO3、NH4HSO3它们的好处是便于控制PH值,防止PH低于7.中和温度常温即可。中和后产品芳基硼固体颗粒析出。过滤出固体,洗涤后干燥就能得到产品;中和后也可以用不溶于水的有机液体进行萃取出芳基硼得到芳基硼的有机溶液。
以下是几个非限制性的实例来解释本发明。但不仅限于实例,所用试剂均为试剂级且脱水脱氧处理,操作中采用必要的氮气保护措施。实例中收率是酯为基准计算得到的。
具体实施方式
实例中所用主要仪器设备有一台蠕动泵及相应软管,一个500ml四口反应瓶,回流冷凝管、温度计、转子流量计、带磁力搅拌油浴锅、四口反应瓶各口分别接蠕动泵管、温度计、三角瓶、氮气、玻璃冷凝管。
试验中,3-戊烯腈氰氢化反应是指3-PN与HCN发生加成反应。
3PN:3-戊烯腈
ADN:1,4二氰基丁烷
MGN:甲基戊二腈
ESN:乙基丁二腈
1)三芳基硼烷的制备
实施例1
先配置好5.7g(0.245mol)钠颗粒(1-4um)与75ml环己烷、2ml苯悬浮液置入四口反应瓶,再用13.5g(0.12mol)氯苯、7.05g(0.0375mol)硼酸异丙酯、70ml环己烷用两口反应瓶制成溶液并与蠕动泵连接。待钠悬浮液搅拌并升温至80℃,启动蠕动泵向反应瓶送料,设定流速1.6ml/min,加完液后,保持反应40min。反应液降至室温。加水100ml,充分搅拌后,静置分层,分离出水相。再把水相进行常压蒸馏,待沸点升到100℃停止加热,残液温度降至室温,补充水至蒸馏前体积,导入恒压分液漏斗,分液漏斗下端连着2口反应瓶,室温、CO2置换反应瓶,打开恒压分液漏斗,液体慢慢滴入,常压下CO2以12ml/min通入液面下鼓泡,约1h滴完,CO2继续通入30min。三苯基硼烷沉淀出来,过滤得到白色滤饼。用100ml水洗涤干燥后得到固体7.9g,收率87.0%。
实施例2
过程同例1,改动的是用甲基环己烷做溶剂,大颗粒钠(黄豆大的),加完料后反应4h,反应温度改为100℃。
制得的反应液用冷至室温后加110ml水进行处理,出现分层,倾析出上层油相,得到的水相用环己烷萃取6次,每次用70ml环己烷,萃取后的水相再加200ml环己烷混合,用CO2中和至pH7.1,环己烷层溶解了三苯基硼烷,真空蒸发干燥,得到三苯基硼烷6.63g。收率73.0%
实施例3
约5.1g(0.222mol)形如黄豆大小的金属钠颗粒,60ml甲苯置入无氧的装有回流冷凝管的四口反应瓶,机械搅拌升温107℃,直至钠颗粒融化成液滴,此时,13.5g(0.12mol)氯苯、6.72g(0.0358mol)硼酸三异丙醇酯和65ml甲苯配成溶液用蠕动泵送入反应瓶,流速0.9ml/min。由于反应热的作用,温度逐渐升至约120摄氏度。反应热依靠溶剂气化回流散走。泵输送完成后,105℃保持4h,冷却至室温,用100ml水充分混合。水相蒸馏分离醇后,中和方法如例1,室温、常压下CO2以12ml/min通入,中和水相,过滤、洗涤滤饼,真空干燥箱内干燥后得到固体样品,计算收率为89.0%。
实施例4
取四口瓶安装上回流冷凝管,温度计,机械搅拌,蠕动泵管。置换氧气,加入40ml甲基环己烷、5.7gNa(平均粒径7mm)、4ml苯,搅拌加热到99℃。13.6g氯苯和7.1g硼酸异丙醇酯、45ml甲基环己烷制成混合液,用蠕动泵耗时80min加入到250ml四口反应瓶,之后99-105℃搅拌220min。然后,反应液降至室温,反应液加入60ml纯水,水相、有机相分层。水相含三苯基硼钠盐,70-100℃共沸2h蒸馏,再降至室温,加入60ml水,慢慢加入20.8g碳酸氢钠、搅拌均匀,对产生的固体结晶反复洗涤,过滤,得到滤饼,干燥后称重15.12g。
实施例5
用例三得到的三苯基硼加合物溶液,减压共沸蒸馏浓缩后余50ml,分为液相-固相-液相三层,滤出固相,用N2室温下充分干燥滤饼,得11g固体,加入55ml3PN。少量的没有溶解认为是固体NaCl,滤除。
该溶液通过4A分子筛脱水。处理后的溶液含15.1%加和物,利用实例1方法,CO2以10ml/min速度通入50ml溶液(含46.5mmol加和物),室温常压操作,导入CO2过量100%。碳酸盐固体形成后,滤除。获得溶液含有4.9g三苯基硼烷,三苯基硼烷浓度基本上无损失。该溶液可以用以3PN氰氢化反应制备1,4-二氰基丁烷。
2)产品性能评价
实例6稳定性试验
由于三芳基硼烷易分解、不易储藏,进口试剂三苯基硼烷为已为黄色结晶,开盖后几周降解严重,变为棕色泥状物,按照本发明得到的产品,干燥后绝氧绝水室温储藏,半年后仍未白色粉末,稳定性高于进口产品。
实例7制备的产品催化效果评价
采用本发明方法制备的产品,可以作为3PN氰氢化反应的催化剂助剂。反应方程式:
3PN+HCN→ADN+MGN+ESN
试验计算均用摩尔数计算
3PN选择性=(ADN+MGN+ESN)/(ADN+MGN+ESN+3PN)
AND选择性=ADN/(ADN+MGN+ESN)
试验中氢氰酸进料方法是:液体氢氰酸导入50ml两口反应瓶,把反应瓶放在冰水浴中,氮气进到氢氰酸液面下鼓泡携带HCN送到评价反应瓶。氮气流量3ml/min.
试验过程:取100ml三口反应瓶,安装上温度计和两个带孔橡胶塞子(其一连接平衡压力的排气乳胶管,余为进气管),氮气置换后加入9.47g亚磷酸三间甲苯酯(试剂级),1.128g环辛二烯镍(试剂级),17.46g3PN(试剂级),摇匀后,加入0.99g按实例3中的方法制得的干燥产品。反应瓶在水浴锅中加热升温,控制温度49~55℃。温度稳定后,向反应瓶液面下进料,通入干燥的HCN和氮气的混合气体持续3h,HCN总用量为7.5ml。反应完毕,取样,用岛津气相色谱分析,色谱分析条件:起始柱温120℃,15℃/min速度升到150℃,保持10min,再15℃/min速度升到200℃,保持10min,再升到220℃,保持5min。进样口240℃,检测器240℃,进样量1ul。分析结果见表1。
对比实例:
试验方法同实例7,仅把试验中的三苯基硼烷改为0.56g无水ZnCl2,试验结果见表1。可以看出,本发明的产品能够有效提高ADN的收率。
表1
3PN转化率 | ADN选择性 | |
实例7 | 55% | 93% |
对比例 | 50% | 80% |
本发明的具体实施方式仅为本创作的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本创作,凡在本创作的精神及原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本创作的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种三芳基硼烷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括合成反应与后处理步骤,所述的合成反应所用反应原料为碱金属、有机卤、硼酸酯,在惰性溶剂中完成所述的合成反应;用量摩尔配比为:硼酸酯∶碱金属∶有机卤的摩尔比范围是1∶6~6.6∶3~3.4。所述的有机卤选择为卤苯。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的合成反应的反应温度为50~150℃,反应时间优选0.5~24h,反应压力为常压或正压。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的合成反应排除水、氧影响,且在匀速搅拌下进行。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的后处理步骤包括:降至室温、加水处理、分离副产醇、中和并分离、干燥得到产品。
5.权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加水处理为:用水量是反应液体积的1/4倍以上,加水方式一次加入或分多次加入,加水后分相,上相为油相,下相是含三芳基硼烷碱金属复合物的水相。
6.权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述分离副产醇为:萃取或蒸馏或精馏出水相中醇,萃取采用不溶于水的有机溶剂,蒸馏/精馏压力是常压或减压或加压。
7.权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述中和并分离为:中和采用气体弱酸或弱酸酸式盐。
8.权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法得到的三芳基硼烷,其特征在于,所述三芳基硼烷的形态是白色或浅黄色结晶或粉末。
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US4045495A (en) * | 1975-11-12 | 1977-08-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for the preparation of triarylboranes |
US4046815A (en) * | 1975-11-12 | 1977-09-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for the preparation of triarylborane |
US4134923A (en) * | 1977-09-02 | 1979-01-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for producing a metal hydroxide adduct of a triarylborane |
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