CN106853227A - 一种治疗肾结石的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗肾结石的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106853227A
CN106853227A CN201710126883.4A CN201710126883A CN106853227A CN 106853227 A CN106853227 A CN 106853227A CN 201710126883 A CN201710126883 A CN 201710126883A CN 106853227 A CN106853227 A CN 106853227A
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李子义
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗肾结石的药物及其制备方法，其主要是由金钱草、海金沙、鸡内金、萹蓄、枸杞子、瞿麦、生地黄、甘草、车前子、陈皮、石韦、大黄、栀子、牛膝、冬葵子、琥珀、延胡索、白茅根、泽泻按一定重量配比制备而成，本发明药物具有清热解毒，利水通淋，清肺泄热，养血柔肝，缓中止痛的功能，用于治疗肾结石见效快、疗效好，不复发。

Description

一种治疗肾结石的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗肾结石的药物及其制备方法，属中药领域。
背景技术
肾结石为泌尿系统常见病，多发病，男性发病多于女性，多发生于青壮年，左右侧的发病率无明显差异。40%～75%的肾结石患者有不同程度的腰痛。结石较大，移动度很小，表现为腰部酸胀不适，或在身体活动增加时有隐痛或钝痛。较小结石引发的绞痛，常骤然发生腰腹部刀割样剧烈疼痛，呈阵发性。由于西药治疗副作用大，因此人们对有效治疗肾结石的中药药物存在极大的需求，至今为止，还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证，终于找到了有效治疗肾结石的药物，从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗肾结石的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选择金钱草、海金沙、鸡内金、萹蓄、枸杞子、瞿麦、生地黄、甘草、车前子、陈皮、石韦、大黄、栀子、牛膝、冬葵子、琥珀、延胡索、白茅根、泽泻、附子、肉桂、白芍、麦冬、莪术进行组合制备的，将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用，从而能够有效治疗肾结石。其中选用金钱草是因为其性味苦辛，凉，有清热，利尿，镇咳，消肿，解毒的功能，治黄疸，水肿，膀胱结石，疟疾，肺痈，咳嗽，吐血，淋浊，带下，风湿痹痛，小儿疳积，惊癎，痈肿，疮癣，湿疹。选用海金沙是因为其性味甘淡，寒，入小肠、膀胱经，有清热解毒，利水通淋的功能，治尿路感染，尿路结石，白浊，白带，肝炎，肾炎水肿，咽喉肿痛，痄腮，肠炎，痢疾，皮肤湿疹，带状疱疹。选用鸡内金是因为其性味甘，平，入脾、胃经，有治积滞，健脾胃的功能，治食积胀满，呕吐反胃，泻痢，疳积，消渴，遗溺，喉痹乳蛾，牙疳口疮。选用萹蓄是因为其性味苦，寒，入膀胱经，有利尿，清热，杀虫的功能，治热淋、癃闭，黄疸，阴蚀，白带，蛔虫，疳积，痔肿，湿疮。选用枸杞子是因为其性味甘，平，有滋肾，润肺，补肝，明目的功能，治肝肾阴亏，腰膝酸软，头晕目眩，目昏多泪，虚劳咳嗽，消渴，遗清。选用瞿麦是因为其性味苦，寒，入心、肾、小肠、膀胱经，有清热利水，破血通经的功能，治小便不通，淋病，水肿，经闭，痈肿，目赤障翳，浸淫疮毒。选用生地黄是因为其性味甘，寒，归心、肝、肾经，有清热凉血，养阴，生津的功能，治热病烦渴，阴虚内热，骨蒸劳热，内热消渴，吐血，衄血，发斑发疹。选用甘草是因为其性味甘平，入脾、胃、肺经，有和中缓急，润肺，解毒，调和诸药的功能，炙用治脾胃虚弱，食少，腹痛便溏，劳倦发热，肺痿咳嗽，心悸，惊痈，生用治咽喉肿痛，消化性溃疡，痈疽疮疡，解药毒及食物中毒。选用车前子是因为其性味甘，寒，入肾、膀胱经，有利水，清热，明目，祛痰的功能，治小便不通，淋浊，带下，尿血，暑湿泻痢，咳嗽多痰，湿痹，目赤障翳。选用陈皮是因为其性味苦、辛，温，归肺、脾经，有理气健脾，燥湿化痰的功能，治胸脘胀满，食少吐泻，咳嗽痰多。选用石韦是因为其性味苦甘，凉，入肺、膀胱经，有利水通淋，清肺泄热的功能，治淋痛，尿血，尿路结石，肾为，崩漏，痢疾，肺热咳嗽，慢性气管炎，金疮，痈疽。选用大黄是因为其性味苦、寒，入胃、大肠、肝径，有泻热毒，破积滞，行瘀血的功能，治实热便秘，谵语发狂，食积痞满，痢疾初起，里急后重，瘀停经闭，癥瘕积聚，时行热疫，暴眼赤痛，吐血，衄血，阳黄，水肿，淋浊，溲赤，痈疡肿毒，疔疮，汤火伤。选用栀子是因为其性味苦，寒，入心、肝、肺、胃经，有清热，泻火，凉血的功能，治热病虚烦不眠，黄疸，淋病，消渴，目赤，咽痛，吐血，衄血，血痢，尿血，热毒疮疡，扭伤肿痛。选用牛膝是因为其性味甘苦酸，平，入肝、肾经，生用散瘀血，消痈肿，治淋病，尿血，经闭，癥瘕，难产，胞衣不下，产后瘀血腹痛，喉痹，痈肿，跌打损伤，熟用补肝肾，强筋骨，治腰膝骨痛，四肥拘挛，痿痹。选用冬葵子是因为其性味甘，寒。入大小肠、膀胱经。利水，滑肠，下乳。治二便不通，淋病，水肿，妇女乳汁不行，乳房肿痛。选用琥珀是因为其性味甘，平，入心、肝、小肠经，有镇惊安神，散瘀止血，利水通淋的功能，治惊风癫癎，惊悸失眠，血淋血尿，小便不通，妇女闭经，产后停瘀腹痛，痈疽疮毒，跌打创伤。选用延胡索是因为其性味辛苦，温，入肝、胃经，有活血，散瘀，理气，止痛的功能，治心腹腰膝诸痛，月经不调，癥瘕，崩中，产后血晕，恶露不尽，跌打损伤。选用白茅根是因为其性味甘、寒，入肺、胃、小肠经，有凉血，止血，清热，利尿的功能，治热病烦渴，吐血，衄血，肺热喘急，胃热哕逆，淋病，小便不利，水肿，黄疸。选用泽泻是因为其性味甘，寒，入膀胱经，有利水，渗湿，泄热的功能，治小便不利，水肿肛满，呕吐，泻痢，痰饮，脚气，淋病，尿血。选用附子是因为其性味辛甘，热，有毒，入心、脾、肾经，有回阳补火，散寒除湿的功能，治阴盛格阳，大汗亡阳，吐利厥逆，心腹冷痛，脾泄冷痢，脚气水肿，小儿慢惊，风寒湿痹，踒躄拘挛，阴疽疮漏及一切沉寒痼冷之疾。选用肉桂是因为其性味辛甘，热，入肾、脾、膀胱经，有补元阳，暖脾胃，除积冷，通血脉的功能，治命门火衰，肢冷脉微，亡阳虚脱，腹痛泄泻，寒疝奔豚，腰膝冷痛，经闭癥瘕，阴疽，流注，及虚阳浮越，上热下寒。选用白芍是因为其性味苦酸，凉，入肝、脾经，有养血柔肝，缓中止痛，敛阴收汗的功能，治胸腹胁肋疼痛，泻痢腹痛，自汗盗汗，阴虚发热，月经不调，崩漏，带下。选用麦冬是因为其性味甘微苦，寒，入肺、胃、心经，有养阴润肺，清心除烦，益胃生津的功能，治肺燥干咳，吐血，咯血，肺痿，肺痈，虚劳烦热，清渴，热病津伤，咽干口燥，便秘。选用莪术是因为其性味辛、苦，温，归肝、脾经，有行气破血，消积止痛的功能，治癥瘕痞块，瘀血经闭，食积肛痛，跌打肿痛，早期宫颈癌。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的，各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效：
金钱草55-65克，海金沙30-40克，鸡内金10-20克，萹蓄10-20克，枸杞子10-20克，瞿麦10-20克，生地黄10-20克，甘草10-20克，车前子10-20克，陈皮10-20克，石韦5-15克，大黄5-15克，栀子5-15克，牛膝7-11克，冬葵子10-20克，琥珀6-10克，延胡索10-20克，白茅根10-20克，泽泻5-15克，附子10-14克，肉桂5-15克，白芍10-20克，麦冬10-20克，莪术5-15克。
优选为：
金钱草60克，海金沙35克，鸡内金15克，萹蓄15克，枸杞子15克，瞿麦15克，生地黄15克，甘草15克，车前子15克，陈皮15克，石韦10克，大黄10克，栀子10克，牛膝9克，冬葵子15克，琥珀8克，延胡索15克，白茅根15克，泽泻10克，附子12克，肉桂10克，白芍15克，麦冬15克，莪术10克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、金钱草：拣净杂质，筛去灰屑，晒干；
2、海金沙：取原药材，过细筛，筛取孢子，除去杂质；
3、鸡内金：拣去杂质，漂净晒干；
4、萹蓄：去净杂质及根，洗净，润软，切段晒干；
5、枸杞子：簸净杂质，摘去残留的梗和蒂；
6、瞿麦：拣净杂质，除去残根，洗净，闷润，切段，晒干；
7、生地黄：取原药材，除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切厚片，干燥，筛去碎屑；
8、甘草：拣去杂质，洗净，用水浸泡至八成透时，捞出，润透，切片，晾干；
9、车前子：拣去杂质，筛去泥屑，空粒；
10、陈皮：取原药材，除去杂质及变黑的果皮，抢水洗净，润软，切丝，晒干或低温干燥，筛去灰屑；
11、石韦：拣净杂质，洗净泥沙，刷净茸毛，切段晒干；
12、大黄：拣净杂质，大小分档，闷润至内外湿度均匀，切片或切成小块、晒干；
13、栀子：筛去灰屑，拣去杂质，碾碎过筛或剪去两端；
14、牛膝：拣去杂质，洗净，润软，去芦，切段，晒干；
15、冬葵子：拣去杂质，筛去泥屑；
16、琥珀：拣净杂质，用时捣碎研成细粉；
17、延胡索：拣去杂质，用水浸泡，洗净，晒晾，润至内外湿度均匀，切片或打碎；
18、白茅根：拣净杂质，洗净，微润，切段，晒干，簸净碎屑；
19、泽泻：拣去杂质，大小分档，用水浸泡至八成透，捞出，晒凉，闷润至内外湿度均匀，切片，晒干；
20、附子：用水浸泡，捞出，切片，晾干；
21、肉桂：拣净杂质，刮去粗皮，用时打碎，或刮去粗皮，用温开水浸润片刻，切片，晾干；
22、白芍：拣去杂质，分开大小个，用水浸泡至八成透，捞出，晒晾，润至内外湿度均匀，切片，干燥；
23、麦冬：拣净杂质，用水浸泡，捞出，润透后抽去心，再洗净晒干；
24、莪术：取原药材，除去杂质，大小分档，洗净，略浸泡，取出，润透，切薄片，干燥，筛去碎屑。
二、制备
1、将所述重量的金钱草、海金沙、萹蓄、枸杞子、瞿麦、生地黄、甘草、车前子、陈皮、石韦、大黄、栀子、牛膝、冬葵子、延胡索、白茅根、泽泻、附子、肉桂、白芍、麦冬、莪术放入煎药容器内，加水8倍量，浸泡100分钟后，武火煎煮沸腾，再用文火煎煮20分钟，过滤得第一次煎煮液，将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内；
2、将过滤的药渣加水4倍量，武火煮沸，再用文火煎煮20分钟，过滤得第二次煎煮液；
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀，分为2剂服用；
4、将所述重量的鸡内金、琥珀放入容器内研磨成粉末。
组方中海金沙有清热解毒，利水通淋的功能为君药；车前子有利水，清热，明目，祛痰的功能；石韦有利水通淋，清肺泄热的功能，二者为臣药，三味药共同发挥清热解毒，利水通淋，清肺泄热的作用，治疗肾结石效力全面，且以清热解毒，利水通淋为主可治本，延胡索有活血，散瘀，理气，止痛的功能为佐药，白芍有养血柔肝，缓中止痛，敛阴收汗的功能为使药，与下余诸药是治标。
本发明药物具有清热解毒，利水通淋，清肺泄热，养血柔肝，缓中止痛的功能，用于治疗肾结石，疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果，这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告：
取家兔30只，雌雄兼用，体重2.0—2.5kg，分两组，每组15只，其中一组为超剂量试验组，另一组为正常量试验组。超常量组为20ml/kg，正常量为10ml/kg，给药方式为灌胃法给药，每天两次，连服7天，每天观察给药反应，结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常，药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治肾结石门诊患者共46例。
2、诊断标准
肾结石的患者大多没有症状，除非肾结石从肾脏掉落到输尿管造成输尿管的尿液阻塞。常见的症状有腰腹部绞痛、恶心、呕吐、烦躁不安、腹胀、血尿等。如果合并尿路感染，也可能出现畏寒发热等现象。急性肾绞痛常使患者疼痛难忍。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂，给患者服用，每日3剂，早、中、晚各服一剂，连服21天，鸡内金、琥珀用药液冲服，服后结石部位热敷25-30分钟后，再做40分钟左右跳跃活动。
4、疗效评定标准
显效：肾结石症状消失，恢复正常，痊愈；
好转：肾结石减少，恶心、呕吐、血尿、绞痛症状明显好转，体质逐步恢复；
无效：达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果（见下表）
在上述治疗中，用本发明药物治疗肾结石患者46例，结果显效37例，显效率为80.4%，好转5例，好转率为10.9%，无效4例，总有效率为91.3%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗肾结石的药物，其特征在于：它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成：
金钱草55-65克，海金沙30-40克，鸡内金10-20克，萹蓄10-20克，枸杞子10-20克，瞿麦10-20克，生地黄10-20克，甘草10-20克，车前子10-20克，陈皮10-20克，石韦5-15克，大黄5-15克，栀子5-15克，牛膝7-11克，冬葵子10-20克，琥珀6-10克，延胡索10-20克，白茅根10-20克，泽泻5-15克，附子10-14克，肉桂5-15克，白芍10-20克，麦冬10-20克，莪术5-15克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物，其中各原料药的用量为：
金钱草60克，海金沙35克，鸡内金15克，萹蓄15克，枸杞子15克，瞿麦15克，生地黄15克，甘草15克，车前子15克，陈皮15克，石韦10克，大黄10克，栀子10克，牛膝9克，冬葵子15克，琥珀8克，延胡索15克，白茅根15克，泽泻10克，附子12克，肉桂10克，白芍15克，麦冬15克，莪术10克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法，它包括下列步骤：
（一）备料
（1）金钱草：拣净杂质，筛去灰屑，晒干；
（2）海金沙：取原药材，过细筛，筛取孢子，除去杂质；
（3）鸡内金：拣去杂质，漂净晒干；
（4）萹蓄：去净杂质及根，洗净，润软，切段晒干；
（5）枸杞子：簸净杂质，摘去残留的梗和蒂；
（6）瞿麦：拣净杂质，除去残根，洗净，闷润，切段，晒干；
（7）生地黄：取原药材，除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切厚片，干燥，筛去碎屑；
（8）甘草：拣去杂质，洗净，用水浸泡至八成透时，捞出，润透，切片，晾干；
（9）车前子：拣去杂质，筛去泥屑，空粒；
（10）陈皮：取原药材，除去杂质及变黑的果皮，抢水洗净，润软，切丝，晒干或低温干燥，筛去灰屑；
（11）石韦：拣净杂质，洗净泥沙，刷净茸毛，切段晒干；
（12）大黄：拣净杂质，大小分档，闷润至内外湿度均匀，切片或切成小块、晒干；
（13）栀子：筛去灰屑，拣去杂质，碾碎过筛或剪去两端；
（14）牛膝：拣去杂质，洗净，润软，去芦，切段，晒干；
（15）冬葵子：拣去杂质，筛去泥屑；
（16）琥珀：拣净杂质，用时捣碎研成细粉；
（17）延胡索：拣去杂质，用水浸泡，洗净，晒晾，润至内外湿度均匀，切片或打碎；
（18）白茅根：拣净杂质，洗净，微润，切段，晒干，簸净碎屑；
（19）泽泻：拣去杂质，大小分档，用水浸泡至八成透，捞出，晒凉，闷润至内外湿度均匀，切片，晒干；
（20）附子：用水浸泡，捞出，切片，晾干；
（21）肉桂：拣净杂质，刮去粗皮，用时打碎，或刮去粗皮，用温开水浸润片刻，切片，晾干；
（22）白芍：拣去杂质，分开大小个，用水浸泡至八成透，捞出，晒晾，润至内外湿度均匀，切片，干燥；
（23）麦冬：拣净杂质，用水浸泡，捞出，润透后抽去心，再洗净晒干；
（24）莪术：取原药材，除去杂质，大小分档，洗净，略浸泡，取出，润透，切薄片，干燥，筛去碎屑；
（二）制备
（1）将所述重量的金钱草、海金沙、萹蓄、枸杞子、瞿麦、生地黄、甘草、车前子、陈皮、石韦、大黄、栀子、牛膝、冬葵子、延胡索、白茅根、泽泻、附子、肉桂、白芍、麦冬、莪术放入煎药容器内，加水8倍量，浸泡100分钟后，武火煎煮沸腾，再用文火煎煮20分钟，过滤得第一次煎煮液，将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内；
（2）将过滤的药渣加水4倍量，武火煮沸，再用文火煎煮20分钟，过滤得第二次煎煮液；
（3）将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀，分为3剂服用；
（4）将所述重量的鸡内金、琥珀放入容器内研磨成粉末。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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