CN104474291A - 一种治疗肾结石的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗肾结石的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104474291A
CN104474291A CN201410703694.5A CN201410703694A CN104474291A CN 104474291 A CN104474291 A CN 104474291A CN 201410703694 A CN201410703694 A CN 201410703694A CN 104474291 A CN104474291 A CN 104474291A
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侯德润
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗肾结石的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由黄芪、党参、石斛、枳实、海金沙、白芍、瞿麦、滑石、车前子、鸡内金、芒消、茯苓按一定重量配比制备而成,本发明药物具有清热解毒,利水通淋的功效,用于肾结石见效快,疗程短,不复发。

Description

一种治疗肾结石的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗肾结石的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
背景技术
肾结石为泌尿系统常见病,多发病,男性发病多于女性,多发生于青壮年,左右侧的发病率无明显差异。40%~75%的肾结石患者有不同程度的腰痛。结石较大,移动度很小,表现为腰部酸胀不适,或在身体活动增加时有隐痛或钝痛。较小结石引发的绞痛,常骤然发生腰腹部刀割样剧烈疼痛,呈阵发性。目前,由于西药无法有效治疗肾结石,且长期服用西药有较多副作用,因此,人们对有效治疗肾结石的中药存在很大的需求。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究及临床反复的试验和验证,终于找到了有效治疗肾结石的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种能够有效治疗肾结石的组合药物。
本发明的另一个目的就是提供了该组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选择黄芪、党参、石斛、枳实、海金沙、白芍、瞿麦、滑石、车前子、鸡内金、芒消、茯苓、木通、冬葵子、牛膝、青皮、陈皮、没药、蒲黄、甘草药物进行组合的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗肾结石的复发。其中选用黄芪是因为其性味甘,微温,入肺、脾经,生用有益卫固表,利水消肿,托毒,生肌的功能,治自汗,盗汗,血痹,浮肿,痈疽不溃或溃久敛;炙用有补中益的功能,治内伤劳倦,脾虚泄泻,脱肛,气虚血脱,崩带及一切气衰血虚之症。选用党参是因为其性味甘,平,入手、足太阴经气分,有补中益气,生津的功能,治脾胃虚弱,气血两亏,体倦无力,食少,口渴,久泻,脱肛。选用石斛是因为其性味甘淡微咸,寒,入有、肺、肾经,有生津益胃,清热养阴的功能,治热病伤津,口干烦喝,病后虚热,阴伤目暗。选用枳实是因为其性味苦,寒,入脾、胃经,有破气,散痞,泻痰,消积的功能,治胸腹胀痛,胸痹,痞痛,痰癖,水肿,食积,便秘,胃下垂,子宫下垂,脱肛。选用海金沙是因为其性味甘淡,寒,入小肠、膀胱经,有清热解毒,利水通淋的功能,治尿路感染,尿路结石,白浊,白带,肝炎,肾炎水肿,咽喉肿痛,痄腮,肠炎,痢疾,皮肤湿疹,带状疱疹。选用白芍是因为其性味苦酸,凉,入肝、脾经,有养血柔肝,缓中止痛,敛阴收汗的功能,治胸腹胁肋疼痛,泻痢腹痛,自汗盗汗,阴虚发热,月经不调,崩漏,带下。选用瞿麦是因为其性味苦,寒,入心、肾、小肠、膀胱经,有清热利水,破血通经的功能,治小便不通,淋病,水肿,经闭,痈肿,目赤障翳,浸淫疮毒。选用滑石是因为其性味甘、淡,寒,归膀胱、肺、胃经,有利尿通淋,清热解毒,祛湿解暑的功能,治热痢、淋病,尿热涩痛,暑湿烦渴,湿热水泻,外治湿疹,湿疮,痱子。选用车前子是因为其性味甘,寒,入肾、膀胱经,有利水,清热,明目,祛痰的功能,治小便不通,淋浊,带下,尿血,暑湿泻痢,咳嗽多痰,湿痹,目赤障翳。选用鸡内金是因为其性味甘,平,入脾、胃经,有消积滞,健脾胃的功能,治食积胀满,呕吐反胃,泻痢,疳积,消渴,遗溺,喉痹乳蛾,牙疳口疮。选用芒消是因为其性味辛苦咸,寒,入胃、大肠经,有泻热,润燥,软坚的功能,治实热积滞,腹胀便秘,停痰积聚,目赤障翳,丹毒,痈肿。选用茯苓是因为其性味甘淡,平,入心、脾、肺经,有渗湿利水,益脾和胃,宁心安神的功能,治小便不利水肿胀痛,痰饮咳逆,呕哕,泄泻,遗精,淋浊,惊悸,健忘。选用木通是因为其性味苦,凉,入心、小肠、膀胱经,有泻火行水,通利血脉的功能,治小便赤涩,淋浊,水肿,胸中烦热,喉痹咽痛,遍身拘痛,妇女经闭,乳汁不通。选用冬葵子是因为其性味甘,寒。入大小肠、膀胱经。利水,滑肠,下乳。治二便不通,淋病,水肿,妇女乳汁不行,乳房肿痛。选用牛膝是因为其性味甘苦酸,平,入肝、肾经,生用散瘀血,消痈肿的功能,治淋病,尿血,经闭,癥瘕,难产,胞衣不下,产后瘀血腹痛,喉痹,痈肿,跌打损伤,熟用补肝肾,强筋骨,治腰膝骨痛,四肢拘挛,痿痹。选用青皮是因为其性味苦辛,微温,入肝、胆经,有疏肝破气,散结消痰的功能,治胸胁胃脘疼痛,疝气,食积,乳肿,乳核,久疟癖块。选用陈皮是因为其性味苦、辛,温,归肺、脾经,有理气健脾,燥湿化痰的功能,治胸脘胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。选用没药是因为其性味苦,平,入肝经,有散血去瘀,消肿定痛的功能,治跌损,金疮,筋骨,心腹诸痛,癥瘕,经闭,痈疽肿痛,痔漏,目障。选用蒲黄是因为其性味甘辛苦,凉,入肝、心经,有凉血止血,活血消瘀的功能,生用治经闭腹痛,产后瘀阻作痛,跌扑血闷,疮疖肿毒,炒黑止吐血,衄血,崩漏,泻血,尿血,血痢,带下,外治重舌,口疮,聤耳流脓,耳中出血,阴下湿痒。选用甘草是因为其性味甘平,入脾、胃、肺经,有和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药的功能,炙用治脾胃虚弱,食少,腹痛便溏,劳倦发热,肺痿咳嗽,心悸,惊痈,生用治咽喉肿痛,消化性溃疡,痈疽疮疡,解药毒及食物中毒。
具体实施方式:
本发明组合的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好疗效:
黄芪  10-15克       党参    10-15克         石斛      10-15克
枳实  10-15克       海金沙  10-15克        白芍      10-15克
瞿麦  5-10克         滑石    5-10克           车前子  5-10克
鸡内金 5-10克     芒消    5-10克           茯苓      5-10克
木通  5-10克         冬葵子  5-10克       牛膝      5-10克
青皮  2-5克        陈皮    2-5克          没药 2-5克
蒲黄  2-5克      甘草      2-5克
优选用量为:
黄芪  12克        党参      12克        石斛      12克
枳实  12克        海金沙  12克        白芍      12克
瞿麦  8克          滑石      8克          车前子  8克
鸡内金    8克       芒消      8克          茯苓      8克
木通  8克          冬葵子  8克          牛膝      8克
青皮  3克          陈皮      3克          没药      3克
蒲黄  3克          甘草      3克
本发明药物的制备方法如下:
一、备料
1、黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大的根,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
2、党参:洗净泥沙后润透去芦,切片或切段,晒干;
3、石斛:取干燥的石斛,用水泡约至八成透,焖润,除去残根及黑枝,切段,撞去薄膜,晒干;
4、枳实:拣净杂质,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,润至内无硬心,切片,晾干;
5、海金沙:取原药材,过细筛,筛取孢子,除去杂质;
6、白芍:拣去杂质,分开大小个,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,晒晾,切片,干燥;
7、瞿麦:拣净杂质,除去残根,洗净,焖润,切段,晒干;
8、滑石:取原药材,除去杂质,洗净,干燥;
9、车前子:拣去杂质,筛去泥屑,空粒;
10、鸡内金:拣去杂质,漂净晒干;
11、芒消:取天然产的芒消,经煮炼、过滤、冷却后,取上层的结晶为芒消;
12、茯苓:用水浸泡,洗净捞出,闷透后,切片,晒干;
13、木通:用水稍浸泡,闷润至透,切片,晒干;
14、冬葵子:拣去杂质,筛去泥屑;
15、牛膝:拣去杂质,洗净,润软,去芦,切段,晒干;
16、青皮:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
17、陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
18、没药:拣去杂质,打成碎块;
19、蒲黄:揉碎结块,过筛,除去杂质;
20、甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透,切片,晾干。
二、制备
1、将所述重量的黄芪、党参、石斛、枳实、海金沙、白芍、瞿麦、滑石、车前子、鸡内金、茯苓、木通、冬葵子、牛膝、青皮、陈皮、没药、蒲黄、甘草加水煎煮二次,第一次加水8倍量,武火煎煮沸腾10分钟,再用文火煎煮30分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内。
2、将第一次过滤后药渣加水6倍量,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟过滤得第二次煎煮液。
3、将两次煎煮液混合,用文火煎煮10分钟加入烊化的芒消,即得药液,将药液分为4剂服用。
本发明选用滑石为君药,海金沙、冬葵子为臣药,陈皮为佐,甘草为使,将上述药物与诸药组合制成治疗肾结石的药物。
本发明药物具有清热解毒,泻火行水,活血消瘀,利水通淋的功效,治疗肾结石见效快、疗程短,不复发。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明药物的有益效果,这些试验包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床观察资料。
[试验例1] 本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告:
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0-2.5kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天两次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2] 本发明药物的临床观察资料:
1、一般资料:
收治门诊患者37例。
2、诊断标准:
临床表现:常见的症状有腰腹部绞痛、恶心、呕吐、烦躁不安、腹胀、血尿等。如果合并尿路感染,也可能出现畏寒发热等现象。急性肾绞痛常使患者疼痛难忍。
有时候患者无疼痛感,只有血尿或者血量极微,肉眼看不出来。体检时大多包含尿液检查,并且用显微镜检查尿液离心后的沉渣,如果看到红血球数目过多就表示有血尿,有时正是肾结石的早期征兆。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,20天为一个疗程,连续服用3个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:肾结石消除,观察半年后无复发;
好转:肾结石症状明显好转;腰痛、恶心、呕吐症状减轻,血尿血量极微。
无效:症状无改善,达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果
                                                 
在上述的治疗中,用本发明药物治疗肾结石患者37例,结果显效29例,显效率为78.38%,好转6例,好转率为16.22%,无效2例,总有效率为94.60%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗肾结石的药物,其特征在于:它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成:
黄芪   10-15克      党参    10-15克        石斛  10-15克
枳实   10-15克      海金沙  10-15克     白芍 10-15克
瞿麦   5-10克    滑石    5-10克      车前子   5-10克
鸡内金 5-10克    芒消    5-10克      茯苓  5-10克
木通   5-10克    冬葵子  5-10克         牛膝  5-10克
青皮   2-5克        陈皮 2-5克          没药  2-5克
蒲黄   2-5克      甘草  2-5克  。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
黄芪   12克        党参  12克        石斛  12克
枳实   12克        海金沙   12克        白芍  12克
瞿麦   8克         滑石  8克         车前子   8克
鸡内金 8克      芒消 8克         茯苓  8克
木通   8克         冬葵子   8克         牛膝  8克
青皮   3克         陈皮  3克         没药  3克
蒲黄   3克         甘草  3克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,其特征在于:它包括下列步骤:
一、备料
1、黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大的根,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
2、党参:洗净泥沙后润透去芦,切片或切段,晒干;
3、石斛:取干燥的石斛,用水泡约至八成透,焖润,除去残根及黑枝,切段,撞去薄膜,晒干;
4、枳实:拣净杂质,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,润至内无硬心,切片,晾干;
5、海金沙:取原药材,过细筛,筛取孢子,除去杂质;
6、白芍:拣去杂质,分开大小个,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,晒晾,润至内外湿度均匀,切片,干燥;
7、瞿麦:拣净杂质,除去残根,洗净,焖润,切段,晒干;
8、滑石:取原药材,除去杂质,洗净,干燥;
9、车前子:拣去杂质,筛去泥屑,空粒;
10、鸡内金:拣去杂质,漂净晒干;
11、芒消:取天然产的芒消,经煮炼、过滤、冷却后,取上层的结晶为芒消;
12、茯苓:用水浸泡,洗净捞出,闷透后,切片,晒干;
13、木通:用水稍浸泡,闷润至透,切片,晒干;
14、冬葵子:拣去杂质,筛去泥屑;
15、牛膝:拣去杂质,洗净,润软,去芦,切段,晒干;
16、青皮:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
17、陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
18、没药:拣去杂质,打成碎块;
19、蒲黄:揉碎结块,过筛,除去杂质;
20、甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透,切片,晾干;
二、制备
1、将所述重量的黄芪、党参、石斛、枳实、海金沙、白芍、瞿麦、滑石、车前子、鸡内金、茯苓、木通、冬葵子、牛膝、青皮、陈皮、没药、蒲黄、甘草加水煎煮二次,第一次加水8倍量,武火煎煮沸腾10分钟,再用文火煎煮30分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内,
2、将第一次过滤后药渣加水6倍量,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟过滤得第二次煎煮液,
3、将两次煎煮液混合,用文火煎煮10分钟加入烊化的芒消,即得药液。
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