CN106832188A - 集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域,具体涉及一种集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料及其制备方法。该保温材料由A组份和B组份构成,其中A组份由以下重量份数的组份组成:聚醚多元醇A:55‑65、聚醚多元醇B:20‑30、聚醚多元醇C:10‑20、交联剂:3‑5、泡沫稳定剂:2.0‑4.0、化学发泡剂:1.0‑1.5、催化剂:1.5‑3.5、物理发泡剂15‑25,B组份为聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。与现有技术相比,本发明聚氨酯泡沫具有更低的导热系数,同时具有优异的流动性及密度分布,降低注料量5‑10%,强度高、尺寸稳定性好、脱模快,尤其适合用于集装箱保温材料领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域,具体涉及一种集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
硬质聚氨酯泡沫是一种性能优越的高分子合成材料,由于其低温尺寸稳定性好、导热系数低等特点,目前作为一种绝热保温材料被广泛应用于冰箱、冷柜及集装箱领域。
目前我国是世界上集装箱的第一制造大国,并在这一生产领域创造了三项世界第一。我国集装箱年生产能力已达580万TEU(标箱),居世界第一;生产集装箱的规格品种世界第一,我国集装箱生产从干货集装箱到一般货物集装箱,以及特种集装箱、箱式运输车,规格品种已达900多个,能满足各种运输需求;集装箱产销量世界第一,世界集装箱产销量是392万TEU,其中我国集装箱产销量已达374万TEU。
趋于环保压力,现阶段各国生产集装箱用的聚氨酯保温材料一般使用环戊烷作为发泡剂,用其制得的泡沫材料整体注料量高、成本高、低温尺寸稳定性不好、导热系数较高。因此亟需开发一种注料量低、低温尺寸稳定性好、导热系数低的集装箱用聚氨酯保温材料。
SolsticeTM LBA(HFO-1233zd,1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯)是霍尼韦尔首先推出的第四代低全球变暖潜值(GWP)发泡剂,适用于家用电器、建筑保温、冷链运输和工业保温等领域聚氨酯隔热材料的发泡,是CFC、HCFC、HFC和其它非氟碳发泡剂的最佳替代发泡剂,以SolsticeTM LBA新一代高效节能环保发泡剂制得的聚氨酯泡沫和现有发泡剂体系(245fa和环戊烷)相比,具有更为优异的导热系数和整体能耗水平,分别比相同型号的245fa以及环戊烷体系在导热系数方面降低7%(和245fa体系相比)和12%(和环戊烷体系相比),并且在整体能耗方面降低了3%(和245fa体系相比)和7%(和环戊烷体系相比),而且和冰箱内胆、钢板外壳等材料粘结性能良好,和环戊烷体系相比具有优异的流动性及密度分布。因此可以在环戊烷体系的基础上进一步降低注料量,对材料没有侵蚀性,相容性良好。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,有效降低了纯环戊烷体系集装箱聚氨酯泡沫塑料的导热系数,同时具有优异的流动性及密度分布,可在环戊烷体系基础上降低注料量5-10%,强度高、尺寸稳定性好、脱模快,保温效果好,环境友好,能够满足长期低温冷藏运输条件下使用;本发明同时提供其制备方法。
本发明所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,由A组份和B组份构成,A组份与B组份的重量比为1:1.05-1.15,其中:
A组份为,以重量份数计:
聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B和聚醚多元醇C三种原料总重量份数为100份;
所述聚醚多元醇A为4-5官能度,羟值为430±30mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇;
所述聚醚多元醇B为4-5官能度,羟值为500±20mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇;
所述聚醚多元醇C为3官能度,羟值为168±5mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇;
B组份为:
聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,优选PM200(烟台万华聚氨酯股份有限公司)或者M20s(巴斯夫公司)。
其中:
所述聚醚多元醇A优选YNW-4110A,生产厂家为山东一诺威新材料有限公司;聚醚多元醇B优选YNW-635C,生产厂家为山东一诺威新材料有限公司;聚醚多元醇C优选YNW-310,生产厂家为山东一诺威新材料有限公司。
所述交联剂为3官能度,羟值为880mgKOH/g的胺类小分子扩链剂;优选三异丙醇胺(TIPA),生产厂家为辽宁抚顺佳化聚氨酯有限公司。
所述泡沫稳定剂为硅酮类泡沫稳定剂硅油B8545,生产厂家为赢创德固赛特种化学有限公司。
所述化学发泡剂为水。
所述催化剂为N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PC5)、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)、N,N-二甲基苄胺(Y-27)和1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)-六氢三嗪(PC41)的组合。
所述物理发泡剂为环戊烷和LBA的混合物,所述环戊烷的含量为65-75wt%,所述LBA的含量为25-35wt%,上述百分比为相对于发泡剂总量的质量百分比。
所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,包括以下步骤:
先将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和交联剂加入反应釜中搅拌均匀,再向反应釜中加入称量好的泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、化学发泡剂、物理发泡剂,在常温下搅拌1.0-1.5小时,得到A组份;
使用时,将A组份与B组份按照重量比1:1.05-1.15混合均匀进行反应,制备出集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料。
本发明使用的主体聚醚多元醇A、B、C均为我公司自主研发生产的,高官能度、高羟值的聚醚多元醇YNW-4110A及YNW-635C保证泡沫体系在发泡过程中具有较高的交联密度和交联速度,泡沫成型后具有较好的强度及尺寸稳定性,同时有效缩短开模时间15-20%,且山梨醇聚醚YNW-635C具有细化泡孔及增加体系互溶性的作用,增加黑白料反应的乳化性能,反应更加充分,体系流动性更好,更有利于泡沫的填充,低羟值低粘度的聚醚多元醇YNW-310不仅流动性好,同时具有内部反应温度低、释放热量小的特点,这有利于减少泡沫体系的气泡穿孔及内部反映温度过高导致的烧心、开裂等问题,小分子胺类扩链剂TIPA具有更高的强度及交联密度,且脱模性方面更佳,使泡沫具有更好的保温效果及抗变形能力。
本发明使用的泡沫稳定剂硅油B8545,特别适用于大体积尺寸泡沫的填充,保证泡沫填充及强度的情况下有效降低注料密度。
本发明使用的复合催化体系在平衡泡沫的起发及凝胶时间方面至关重要,由于集装箱体积尺寸的特殊性,需要适当的起发时间及后期泡沫泡孔结构稳定的凝胶时间,使用PC5及DMEA催化剂搭配有助于平衡起发凝胶时间,Y-27催化剂对泡沫的表面熟化有较大作用,有利于泡沫表皮熟化,而后固化催化剂PC41有助于后期泡孔结构的稳定形成,增加泡沫强度及闭孔率,提高保温性能。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明制备的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,采用环戊烷和LBA按照(65-75):(25-35)的质量比混合而成的发泡剂,在不改变泡沫生产设备和工艺的前提下,有效降低了聚氨酯泡沫塑料的导热系数,相比纯环戊烷作为发泡剂的体系有效降低注料量5-10%,降低了生产成本;同时开模时间更快,有效缩短15-20%,增加了生产效率;在保证泡沫填充及泡沫强度的前提下发泡过程体系流动性更好、密度分布更均匀;与集装箱外板的粘结强度较高,避免出现分层脱壳现象;泡沫的低温尺寸稳定性更高,能够在长期低温冷藏运输条件下使用。本发明制备方法简便、易操作,生产过程无三废污染,安全环保。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,由A组份和B组份构成,A组份与B组份的重量比为1:1.05,其中:
A组份为,以重量份数计:
制备时,将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和交联剂加入反应釜中搅拌,然后将称量好的物理发泡剂按照比例充分混合,向反应釜中加入称量好的泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、化学发泡剂、充分混合的物理发泡剂,在常温下搅拌1.0小时,得到A组份;将A组份与异氰酸酯(PM200)按照重量比1:1.05混合均匀进行反应,制备出集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料。
具体指标如下:
尺寸稳定性
-30℃,24h: -0.22%
100℃,24h: 0.19%
闭孔率 95.4%
实施例2
所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,由A组份和B组份构成,A组份与B组份的重量比为1:1.1,其中:
A组份为,以重量份数计:
制备时,将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和交联剂加入反应釜中搅拌,然后将称量好的物理发泡剂按照比例充分混合,向反应釜中加入称量好的泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、化学发泡剂、充分混合的物理发泡剂,在常温下搅拌1.5小时,得到A组份;将A组份与异氰酸酯(M20S)按照重量比1:1.1混合均匀进行反应,制备出集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料。
具体指标如下:
尺寸稳定性
-30℃,24h: -0.26%
100℃,24h: 0.33%
闭孔率 94.6%
实施例3
所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,由A组份和B组份构成,A组份与B组份的重量比为1:1.15,其中:
A组份为,以重量份数计:
制备时,将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和交联剂加入反应釜中搅拌,然后将称量好的物理发泡剂按照比例充分混合,向反应釜中加入称量好的泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、化学发泡剂、充分混合的物理发泡剂,在常温下搅拌1.0小时,得到A组份;将A组份与异氰酸酯(M20S)按照重量比1:1.5混合均匀进行反应,制备出集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料。
具体指标如下:
尺寸稳定性
-30℃,24h: -0.29%
100℃,24h: 0.41%
闭孔率 95.1%
实施例4
所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,由A组份和B组份构成,A组份与B组份的重量比为1:1.1,其中:
A组份为,以重量份数计:
制备时,将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和交联剂加入反应釜中搅拌,然后将称量好的物理发泡剂按照比例充分混合,向反应釜中加入称量好的泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、化学发泡剂、充分混合的物理发泡剂,在常温下搅拌1.0小时,得到A组份;将A组份与异氰酸酯(PM200)按照重量比1:1.1混合均匀进行反应,制备出集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料。
具体指标如下:
尺寸稳定性
-30℃,24h: -0.38%
100℃,24h: 0.29%
闭孔率 94.3%
与常规集装箱保温材料体系相比,本发明泡沫性能如下表1所示:
表1性能数据表
Claims (8)
1.一种集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,其特征在于由A组份和B组份构成,A组份与B组份的重量比为1:1.05-1.15,其中:
A组份为,以重量份数计:
聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B和聚醚多元醇C三种原料总重量份数为100份;
所述聚醚多元醇A为4-5官能度,羟值为430±30mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇;
所述聚醚多元醇B为4-5官能度,羟值为500±20mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇;
所述聚醚多元醇C为3官能度,羟值为168±5mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇;
B组份为:
聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,其特征在于:所述交联剂为3官能度,羟值为880mgKOH/g的胺类小分子扩链剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,其特征在于:所述交联剂为三异丙醇胺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,其特征在于:所述泡沫稳定剂为硅酮类泡沫稳定剂硅油B8545。
5.根据权利要求1所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,其特征在于:所述化学发泡剂为水。
6.根据权利要求1所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,其特征在于:所述催化剂为N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺和1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)-六氢三嗪的组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,其特征在于:所述物理发泡剂为环戊烷和LBA的混合物,所述环戊烷的含量为65-75wt%,所述LBA的含量为25-35wt%。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一所述的集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
先将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和交联剂加入反应釜中搅拌均匀,再向反应釜中加入称量好的泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、化学发泡剂、物理发泡剂,在常温下搅拌1.0-1.5小时,得到A组份;
使用时,将A组份与B组份按照重量比1:1.05-1.15混合均匀进行反应,制备出集装箱用聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料。
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Address after: Linzi District of Shandong Province Jin Shan Zhen Feng Guan Lu 255400 Zibo City No. 58 Applicant after: SHANDONG INOV NEW MATERIAL CO., LTD. Address before: 255400 Shandong Province, Zibo city Linzi District South East Nanshan Road West five by ethylene Applicant before: SHANDONG INOV NEW MATERIAL CO., LTD. |
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