CN107892740A - 高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107892740A
CN107892740A CN201711206516.1A CN201711206516A CN107892740A CN 107892740 A CN107892740 A CN 107892740A CN 201711206516 A CN201711206516 A CN 201711206516A CN 107892740 A CN107892740 A CN 107892740A
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李明友
唐国涛
张丽萍
念以亭
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Abstract

本发明属于聚氨酯泡沫塑料技术领域，具体涉及一种高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法。高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料由A组分与B组分组成，A组分：聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C、聚碳酸酯多元醇D、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂、物理发泡剂；B组分为聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。本发明制备的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫保温材料，泡孔细腻无开裂，且通过聚碳酸酯多元醇的加入将具有高阻燃性能的碳酸酯基引入到聚氨酯中，从分子结构上有效改善了聚氨酯易燃的特点，能够达到B1级的阻燃要求，泡沫的密度分布均匀，导热系数低，具有较高的强度和尺寸稳定性。

Description

高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯泡沫塑料技术领域，具体涉及一种高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯材料作为“第五大塑料”，由于其具有减震、隔热、吸声、耐磨等性能而被广泛应用于国民经济众多领域，尤其是在家电、医疗、建筑、建材、交通运输等领域。但对于常规的未进行阻燃处理的聚氨酯材料来说，是一种结构特殊的易燃材料，且燃烧速度快、火焰温度高，燃烧时能释放出大量的有毒气体和烟尘，有极大的安全隐患。目前阻燃性聚氨酯保温材料成为人们研究的热点，提高聚氨酯材料阻燃系数的方法有两种，一种是添加非活性或反应型阻燃剂，另一种是在聚氨酯材料结构中引入具有阻燃效果的基团，目前市售的以第一种情况居多。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料，该材料将具有耐高温性能的聚碳酸酯材料引入到聚氨酯结构中，从结构上对其进行阻燃性能修饰，提高了该保温材料的阻燃系数，同时该材料是一种可生物降解的环保型高分子材料，有望在建筑行业、制冷设备、家具家电行业得到广泛应用；本发明同时提供了高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法，科学合理、简单易行。
本发明所述的高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料，由A组分与B组分组成，A组分与B组分的重量比为1:1.0-1.3；其中，以重量份数计，
A组分：
聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和聚碳酸酯多元醇D四种原料总重量份数为100份；
所述的聚醚多元醇A为4-5官能度，羟值为430±10mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇；
所述的聚醚多元醇B为5-6官能度，羟值为460±10mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇；
所述的聚醚多元醇C为3官能度，羟值为170±10mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇；
所述的聚碳酸酯多元醇D为2-3官能度的聚合物多元醇；
B组分为：聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
所述的聚醚多元醇A为含棕榈油聚醚，优选INOVOL R6001A或INOVOL R6001C生产厂家为山东一诺威新材料有限公司。
所述的聚醚多元醇B优选SA460或NJ6207，SA460生产厂家为山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司，NJ6207生产厂家为句容宁武新材料发展有限公司。
所述的聚醚多元醇C优选INOVOL C310生产厂家为山东一诺威新材料有限公司。
所述的聚碳酸酯多元醇D为数均分子量在500-2000范围内的聚合物多元醇，优选生产厂家为德国拜耳或日本旭化成如T5652、T5651、T5650J、T5650E等及其它方式合成的满足要求的聚合物多元醇。
所述的泡沫稳定剂为有机硅类泡沫稳定剂；优选AK8860，生产厂家为江苏美思德化学股份有限公司。
所述的化学发泡剂为水。
所述的催化剂为N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PC5)、N,N-二甲基环己胺(Y-12)、N,N-二甲基环苄胺(Y-27)、1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)-六氢化三嗪(PC41)或TMR-2中的一种或几种。
所述的阻燃剂为磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)、三(β-氯乙基)磷酸酯或甲基膦酸二甲酯中的一种或几种。
所述的物理发泡剂为HCFC-141b。
本发明所述的高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
(1)先将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和聚碳酸酯多元醇D加入反应釜中搅拌，然后加入称量好的泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、化学发泡剂、物理发泡剂、阻燃剂，在常温下搅拌均匀，得到A组分；
(2)使用时，将A组分与B组分混合均匀进行反应，制备出高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：
本发明制备的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫保温材料，泡孔细腻无开裂，且通过聚碳酸酯多元醇的加入将具有高阻燃性能的碳酸酯基引入到聚氨酯中，从分子结构上有效改善了聚氨酯易燃的特点，能够达到B1级的阻燃要求，泡沫的密度分布均匀，导热系数低，具有较高的强度和尺寸稳定性。尤其是该材料在满足了各项使用性能的前提下，使得聚氨酯泡沫的可生物降解性能提高，大大降低了废旧泡沫处理的难度。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
原料组成如下，以重量份数计：
A组分：
B组分为：聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
首先将A料混合均匀取180g于烧杯中，再按比例加入234g的B料，混合后快速充分搅拌10s，倒入30cm×30cm×10cm大小的模具中，在模具中45℃熟化20min取出后放置在室温环境下再熟化48h，分别按此种操作制作三块相同的样块，进行各项性能测试，指标测试结果见表1。
实施例2
原料组成如下，以重量份数计：
A组分：
B组分为：聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
首先将A料混合均匀取180g于烧杯中，再按比例加入234g的B料，混合后快速充分搅拌10s，倒入30cm×30cm×10cm大小的模具中，在模具中45℃熟化20min取出后放置在室温环境下再熟化48h，分别按此种操作制作三块相同的样块，进行各项性能测试，指标测试结果见表1。
实施例3
原料组成如下，以重量份数计：
A组分：
B组分为：聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
首先将A料混合均匀取180g于烧杯中，再按比例加入234g的B料，混合后快速充分搅拌10s，倒入30cm×30cm×10cm大小的模具中，在模具中45℃熟化20min取出后放置在室温环境下再熟化48h，分别按此种操作制作三块相同的样块，进行各项性能测试，指标测试结果见表1。
对比例1
原料组成如下，以重量份数计：
A组分：
B组分为：聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
首先将A料混合均匀取180g于烧杯中，再按比例加入234g的B料，混合后快速充分搅拌10s，倒入30cm×30cm×10cm大小的模具中，在模具中45℃熟化20min取出后放置在室温环境下再熟化48h，分别按此种操作制作三块相同的样块，进行各项性能测试，指标测试结果见表1。
表1对比例1及实施例1-3的产品各项性能指标检测数据GB21558-2008T
由表1可知，本发明制得的聚氨酯泡沫塑料导热系数低，尺寸稳定性较好，阻燃性能较高，且随着结构中聚碳酸酯比例的增加，聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃系数得到进一步提升。

Claims (9)

1.一种高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料，其特征在于由A组分与B组分组成，A组分与B组分的重量比为1:1.0-1.3；其中，以重量份数计，
A组分：
聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和聚碳酸酯多元醇D四种原料总重量份数为100份；
所述的聚醚多元醇A为4-5官能度，羟值为430±10mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇；
所述的聚醚多元醇B为5-6官能度，羟值为460±10mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇；
所述的聚醚多元醇C为3官能度，羟值为170±10mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇；
所述的聚碳酸酯多元醇D为2-3官能度的聚合物多元醇；
B组分为：聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料，其特征在于所述的聚醚多元醇A为含棕榈油聚醚。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料，其特征在于所述的聚碳酸酯多元醇D为数均分子量在500-2000范围内的聚合物多元醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料，其特征在于所述的泡沫稳定剂为有机硅类泡沫稳定剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料，其特征在于所述的化学发泡剂为水。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料，其特征在于所述的催化剂为N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、N,N-二甲基环苄胺、1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)-六氢化三嗪或TMR-2中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料，其特征在于所述的阻燃剂为磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯、三(β-氯乙基)磷酸酯或甲基膦酸二甲酯中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料，其特征在于所述的物理发泡剂为HCFC-141b。
9.一种权利要求1-8任一所述的高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤如下：
(1)先将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和聚碳酸酯多元醇D加入反应釜中搅拌，然后加入称量好的泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、化学发泡剂、物理发泡剂、阻燃剂，在常温下搅拌均匀，得到A组分；
(2)使用时，将A组分与B组分混合均匀进行反应，制备出高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料。
CN201711206516.1A 2017-11-27 2017-11-27 高阻燃聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法 Pending CN107892740A (zh)

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